1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only 2/* 3 * linux/init/main.c 4 * 5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds 6 * 7 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS 8 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96 9 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96 10 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org> 11 */ 12 13#define DEBUG /* Enable initcall_debug */ 14 15#include <linux/types.h> 16#include <linux/extable.h> 17#include <linux/module.h> 18#include <linux/proc_fs.h> 19#include <linux/binfmts.h> 20#include <linux/kernel.h> 21#include <linux/syscalls.h> 22#include <linux/stackprotector.h> 23#include <linux/string.h> 24#include <linux/ctype.h> 25#include <linux/delay.h> 26#include <linux/ioport.h> 27#include <linux/init.h> 28#include <linux/initrd.h> 29#include <linux/memblock.h> 30#include <linux/acpi.h> 31#include <linux/bootconfig.h> 32#include <linux/console.h> 33#include <linux/nmi.h> 34#include <linux/percpu.h> 35#include <linux/kmod.h> 36#include <linux/kprobes.h> 37#include <linux/vmalloc.h> 38#include <linux/kernel_stat.h> 39#include <linux/start_kernel.h> 40#include <linux/security.h> 41#include <linux/smp.h> 42#include <linux/profile.h> 43#include <linux/rcupdate.h> 44#include <linux/moduleparam.h> 45#include <linux/kallsyms.h> 46#include <linux/writeback.h> 47#include <linux/cpu.h> 48#include <linux/cpuset.h> 49#include <linux/cgroup.h> 50#include <linux/efi.h> 51#include <linux/tick.h> 52#include <linux/sched/isolation.h> 53#include <linux/interrupt.h> 54#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h> 55#include <linux/delayacct.h> 56#include <linux/unistd.h> 57#include <linux/utsname.h> 58#include <linux/rmap.h> 59#include <linux/mempolicy.h> 60#include <linux/key.h> 61#include <linux/buffer_head.h> 62#include <linux/page_ext.h> 63#include <linux/debug_locks.h> 64#include <linux/debugobjects.h> 65#include <linux/lockdep.h> 66#include <linux/kmemleak.h> 67#include <linux/padata.h> 68#include <linux/pid_namespace.h> 69#include <linux/device/driver.h> 70#include <linux/kthread.h> 71#include <linux/sched.h> 72#include <linux/sched/init.h> 73#include <linux/signal.h> 74#include <linux/idr.h> 75#include <linux/kgdb.h> 76#include <linux/ftrace.h> 77#include <linux/async.h> 78#include <linux/sfi.h> 79#include <linux/shmem_fs.h> 80#include <linux/slab.h> 81#include <linux/perf_event.h> 82#include <linux/ptrace.h> 83#include <linux/pti.h> 84#include <linux/blkdev.h> 85#include <linux/elevator.h> 86#include <linux/sched/clock.h> 87#include <linux/sched/task.h> 88#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h> 89#include <linux/context_tracking.h> 90#include <linux/random.h> 91#include <linux/list.h> 92#include <linux/integrity.h> 93#include <linux/proc_ns.h> 94#include <linux/io.h> 95#include <linux/cache.h> 96#include <linux/rodata_test.h> 97#include <linux/jump_label.h> 98#include <linux/kcsan.h> 99#include <linux/init_syscalls.h> 100#ifdef CONFIG_RECLAIM_ACCT 101#include <linux/reclaim_acct.h> 102#endif 103 104#include <asm/io.h> 105#include <asm/setup.h> 106#include <asm/sections.h> 107#include <asm/cacheflush.h> 108 109#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS 110#include <trace/events/initcall.h> 111 112#include <kunit/test.h> 113 114static int kernel_init(void *); 115 116extern void init_IRQ(void); 117extern void radix_tree_init(void); 118 119/* 120 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code' 121 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled. This means 122 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some 123 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the 124 * flag is set. 125 */ 126bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly; 127 128enum system_states system_state __read_mostly; 129EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state); 130 131/* 132 * Boot command-line arguments 133 */ 134#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT 135#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT 136 137extern void time_init(void); 138/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */ 139void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void); 140 141/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */ 142char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE]; 143/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */ 144char *saved_command_line; 145/* Command line for parameter parsing */ 146static char *static_command_line; 147/* Untouched extra command line */ 148static char *extra_command_line; 149/* Extra init arguments */ 150static char *extra_init_args; 151 152#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG 153/* Is bootconfig on command line? */ 154static bool bootconfig_found; 155static bool initargs_found; 156#else 157# define bootconfig_found false 158# define initargs_found false 159#endif 160 161static char *execute_command; 162static char *ramdisk_execute_command = "/init"; 163 164/* 165 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used 166 * before jump_label_init is called. 167 */ 168bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly; 169EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized); 170 171/* 172 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying 173 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might 174 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation. 175 * 176 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment. 177 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been 178 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state. 179 */ 180unsigned int reset_devices; 181EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices); 182 183static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str) 184{ 185 reset_devices = 1; 186 return 1; 187} 188 189__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices); 190 191static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, }; 192const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, }; 193static const char *panic_later, *panic_param; 194 195extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[]; 196 197static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line) 198{ 199 const struct obs_kernel_param *p; 200 bool had_early_param = false; 201 202 p = __setup_start; 203 do { 204 int n = strlen(p->str); 205 if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) { 206 if (p->early) { 207 /* Already done in parse_early_param? 208 * (Needs exact match on param part). 209 * Keep iterating, as we can have early 210 * params and __setups of same names 8( */ 211 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=') 212 had_early_param = true; 213 } else if (!p->setup_func) { 214 pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n", 215 p->str); 216 return true; 217 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n)) 218 return true; 219 } 220 p++; 221 } while (p < __setup_end); 222 223 return had_early_param; 224} 225 226/* 227 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will 228 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer 229 */ 230unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12); 231EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy); 232 233static int __init debug_kernel(char *str) 234{ 235 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG; 236 return 0; 237} 238 239static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str) 240{ 241 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET; 242 return 0; 243} 244 245early_param("debug", debug_kernel); 246early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel); 247 248static int __init loglevel(char *str) 249{ 250 int newlevel; 251 252 /* 253 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed, 254 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that 255 * are quite hard to debug 256 */ 257 if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) { 258 console_loglevel = newlevel; 259 return 0; 260 } 261 262 return -EINVAL; 263} 264 265early_param("loglevel", loglevel); 266 267#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD 268static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(u32 *_size, u32 *_csum) 269{ 270 u32 size, csum; 271 char *data; 272 u32 *hdr; 273 int i; 274 275 if (!initrd_end) 276 return NULL; 277 278 data = (char *)initrd_end - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN; 279 /* 280 * Since Grub may align the size of initrd to 4, we must 281 * check the preceding 3 bytes as well. 282 */ 283 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { 284 if (!memcmp(data, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN)) 285 goto found; 286 data--; 287 } 288 return NULL; 289 290found: 291 hdr = (u32 *)(data - 8); 292 size = le32_to_cpu(hdr[0]); 293 csum = le32_to_cpu(hdr[1]); 294 295 data = ((void *)hdr) - size; 296 if ((unsigned long)data < initrd_start) { 297 pr_err("bootconfig size %d is greater than initrd size %ld\n", 298 size, initrd_end - initrd_start); 299 return NULL; 300 } 301 302 /* Remove bootconfig from initramfs/initrd */ 303 initrd_end = (unsigned long)data; 304 if (_size) 305 *_size = size; 306 if (_csum) 307 *_csum = csum; 308 309 return data; 310} 311#else 312static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(u32 *_size, u32 *_csum) 313{ 314 return NULL; 315} 316#endif 317 318#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG 319 320static char xbc_namebuf[XBC_KEYLEN_MAX] __initdata; 321 322#define rest(dst, end) ((end) > (dst) ? (end) - (dst) : 0) 323 324static int __init xbc_snprint_cmdline(char *buf, size_t size, 325 struct xbc_node *root) 326{ 327 struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode; 328 char *end = buf + size; 329 const char *val; 330 int ret; 331 332 xbc_node_for_each_key_value(root, knode, val) { 333 ret = xbc_node_compose_key_after(root, knode, 334 xbc_namebuf, XBC_KEYLEN_MAX); 335 if (ret < 0) 336 return ret; 337 338 vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode); 339 if (!vnode) { 340 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s ", xbc_namebuf); 341 if (ret < 0) 342 return ret; 343 buf += ret; 344 continue; 345 } 346 xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) { 347 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s=\"%s\" ", 348 xbc_namebuf, val); 349 if (ret < 0) 350 return ret; 351 buf += ret; 352 } 353 } 354 355 return buf - (end - size); 356} 357#undef rest 358 359/* Make an extra command line under given key word */ 360static char * __init xbc_make_cmdline(const char *key) 361{ 362 struct xbc_node *root; 363 char *new_cmdline; 364 int ret, len = 0; 365 366 root = xbc_find_node(key); 367 if (!root) 368 return NULL; 369 370 /* Count required buffer size */ 371 len = xbc_snprint_cmdline(NULL, 0, root); 372 if (len <= 0) 373 return NULL; 374 375 new_cmdline = memblock_alloc(len + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES); 376 if (!new_cmdline) { 377 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for extra kernel cmdline.\n"); 378 return NULL; 379 } 380 381 ret = xbc_snprint_cmdline(new_cmdline, len + 1, root); 382 if (ret < 0 || ret > len) { 383 pr_err("Failed to print extra kernel cmdline.\n"); 384 memblock_free(__pa(new_cmdline), len + 1); 385 return NULL; 386 } 387 388 return new_cmdline; 389} 390 391static u32 boot_config_checksum(unsigned char *p, u32 size) 392{ 393 u32 ret = 0; 394 395 while (size--) 396 ret += *p++; 397 398 return ret; 399} 400 401static int __init bootconfig_params(char *param, char *val, 402 const char *unused, void *arg) 403{ 404 if (strcmp(param, "bootconfig") == 0) { 405 bootconfig_found = true; 406 } 407 return 0; 408} 409 410static void __init setup_boot_config(const char *cmdline) 411{ 412 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata; 413 const char *msg; 414 int pos; 415 u32 size, csum; 416 char *data, *copy, *err; 417 int ret; 418 419 /* Cut out the bootconfig data even if we have no bootconfig option */ 420 data = get_boot_config_from_initrd(&size, &csum); 421 422 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); 423 err = parse_args("bootconfig", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 424 bootconfig_params); 425 426 if (IS_ERR(err) || !bootconfig_found) 427 return; 428 429 /* parse_args() stops at '--' and returns an address */ 430 if (err) 431 initargs_found = true; 432 433 if (!data) { 434 pr_err("'bootconfig' found on command line, but no bootconfig found\n"); 435 return; 436 } 437 438 if (size >= XBC_DATA_MAX) { 439 pr_err("bootconfig size %d greater than max size %d\n", 440 size, XBC_DATA_MAX); 441 return; 442 } 443 444 if (boot_config_checksum((unsigned char *)data, size) != csum) { 445 pr_err("bootconfig checksum failed\n"); 446 return; 447 } 448 449 copy = memblock_alloc(size + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES); 450 if (!copy) { 451 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for bootconfig\n"); 452 return; 453 } 454 455 memcpy(copy, data, size); 456 copy[size] = '\0'; 457 458 ret = xbc_init(copy, &msg, &pos); 459 if (ret < 0) { 460 if (pos < 0) 461 pr_err("Failed to init bootconfig: %s.\n", msg); 462 else 463 pr_err("Failed to parse bootconfig: %s at %d.\n", 464 msg, pos); 465 } else { 466 pr_info("Load bootconfig: %d bytes %d nodes\n", size, ret); 467 /* keys starting with "kernel." are passed via cmdline */ 468 extra_command_line = xbc_make_cmdline("kernel"); 469 /* Also, "init." keys are init arguments */ 470 extra_init_args = xbc_make_cmdline("init"); 471 } 472 return; 473} 474 475#else 476 477static void __init setup_boot_config(const char *cmdline) 478{ 479 /* Remove bootconfig data from initrd */ 480 get_boot_config_from_initrd(NULL, NULL); 481} 482 483static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str) 484{ 485 pr_warn("WARNING: 'bootconfig' found on the kernel command line but CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG is not set.\n"); 486 return 0; 487} 488early_param("bootconfig", warn_bootconfig); 489 490#endif 491 492/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */ 493static void __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val) 494{ 495 if (val) { 496 /* param=val or param="val"? */ 497 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1) 498 val[-1] = '='; 499 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) { 500 val[-2] = '='; 501 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1); 502 } else 503 BUG(); 504 } 505} 506 507/* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */ 508static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val, 509 const char *unused, void *arg) 510{ 511 unsigned int i; 512 513 if (panic_later) 514 return 0; 515 516 repair_env_string(param, val); 517 518 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) { 519 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) { 520 panic_later = "init"; 521 panic_param = param; 522 return 0; 523 } 524 } 525 argv_init[i] = param; 526 return 0; 527} 528 529/* 530 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like 531 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline). 532 */ 533static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val, 534 const char *unused, void *arg) 535{ 536 size_t len = strlen(param); 537 538 repair_env_string(param, val); 539 540 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */ 541 if (obsolete_checksetup(param)) 542 return 0; 543 544 /* Unused module parameter. */ 545 if (strnchr(param, len, '.')) 546 return 0; 547 548 if (panic_later) 549 return 0; 550 551 if (val) { 552 /* Environment option */ 553 unsigned int i; 554 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) { 555 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) { 556 panic_later = "env"; 557 panic_param = param; 558 } 559 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], len+1)) 560 break; 561 } 562 envp_init[i] = param; 563 } else { 564 /* Command line option */ 565 unsigned int i; 566 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) { 567 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) { 568 panic_later = "init"; 569 panic_param = param; 570 } 571 } 572 argv_init[i] = param; 573 } 574 return 0; 575} 576 577static int __init init_setup(char *str) 578{ 579 unsigned int i; 580 581 execute_command = str; 582 /* 583 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line, 584 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes 585 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name. 586 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ] 587 */ 588 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++) 589 argv_init[i] = NULL; 590 return 1; 591} 592__setup("init=", init_setup); 593 594static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str) 595{ 596 unsigned int i; 597 598 ramdisk_execute_command = str; 599 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */ 600 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++) 601 argv_init[i] = NULL; 602 return 1; 603} 604__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup); 605 606#ifndef CONFIG_SMP 607static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS; 608static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { } 609static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { } 610#endif 611 612/* 613 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference. 614 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter 615 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to 616 * store reference of name/value for future reference. 617 */ 618static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line) 619{ 620 size_t len, xlen = 0, ilen = 0; 621 622 if (extra_command_line) 623 xlen = strlen(extra_command_line); 624 if (extra_init_args) 625 ilen = strlen(extra_init_args) + 4; /* for " -- " */ 626 627 len = xlen + strlen(boot_command_line) + 1; 628 629 saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len + ilen, SMP_CACHE_BYTES); 630 if (!saved_command_line) 631 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len + ilen); 632 633 len = xlen + strlen(command_line) + 1; 634 635 static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES); 636 if (!static_command_line) 637 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len); 638 639 if (xlen) { 640 /* 641 * We have to put extra_command_line before boot command 642 * lines because there could be dashes (separator of init 643 * command line) in the command lines. 644 */ 645 strcpy(saved_command_line, extra_command_line); 646 strcpy(static_command_line, extra_command_line); 647 } 648 strcpy(saved_command_line + xlen, boot_command_line); 649 strcpy(static_command_line + xlen, command_line); 650 651 if (ilen) { 652 /* 653 * Append supplemental init boot args to saved_command_line 654 * so that user can check what command line options passed 655 * to init. 656 */ 657 len = strlen(saved_command_line); 658 if (initargs_found) { 659 saved_command_line[len++] = ' '; 660 } else { 661 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, " -- "); 662 len += 4; 663 } 664 665 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args); 666 } 667} 668 669/* 670 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions 671 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to 672 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to 673 * cpu_idle. 674 * 675 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline. 676 */ 677 678static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done); 679 680noinline void __ref rest_init(void) 681{ 682 struct task_struct *tsk; 683 int pid; 684 685 rcu_scheduler_starting(); 686 /* 687 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however 688 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if 689 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS. 690 */ 691 pid = kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS); 692 /* 693 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working 694 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed 695 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs. 696 */ 697 rcu_read_lock(); 698 tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns); 699 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id())); 700 rcu_read_unlock(); 701 702 numa_default_policy(); 703 pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES); 704 rcu_read_lock(); 705 kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns); 706 rcu_read_unlock(); 707 708 /* 709 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks. 710 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y 711 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With 712 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled 713 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion. 714 */ 715 system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING; 716 717 complete(&kthreadd_done); 718 719 /* 720 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule() 721 * at least once to get things moving: 722 */ 723 schedule_preempt_disabled(); 724 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */ 725 cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE); 726} 727 728/* Check for early params. */ 729static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val, 730 const char *unused, void *arg) 731{ 732 const struct obs_kernel_param *p; 733 734 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) { 735 if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) || 736 (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 && 737 strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0) 738 ) { 739 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0) 740 pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param); 741 } 742 } 743 /* We accept everything at this stage. */ 744 return 0; 745} 746 747void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline) 748{ 749 parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 750 do_early_param); 751} 752 753/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */ 754void __init parse_early_param(void) 755{ 756 static int done __initdata; 757 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata; 758 759 if (done) 760 return; 761 762 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */ 763 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); 764 parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline); 765 done = 1; 766} 767 768void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { } 769 770void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void) 771{ 772} 773 774# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE 775void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void) 776{ 777} 778#endif 779 780void __init __weak poking_init(void) { } 781 782void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { } 783 784bool initcall_debug; 785core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644); 786 787#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED 788static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void); 789#else 790static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void) 791{ 792} 793#endif 794 795/* Report memory auto-initialization states for this boot. */ 796static void __init report_meminit(void) 797{ 798 const char *stack; 799 800 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN)) 801 stack = "all(pattern)"; 802 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO)) 803 stack = "all(zero)"; 804 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL)) 805 stack = "byref_all(zero)"; 806 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF)) 807 stack = "byref(zero)"; 808 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_USER)) 809 stack = "__user(zero)"; 810 else 811 stack = "off"; 812 813 pr_info("mem auto-init: stack:%s, heap alloc:%s, heap free:%s\n", 814 stack, want_init_on_alloc(GFP_KERNEL) ? "on" : "off", 815 want_init_on_free() ? "on" : "off"); 816 if (want_init_on_free()) 817 pr_info("mem auto-init: clearing system memory may take some time...\n"); 818} 819 820/* 821 * Set up kernel memory allocators 822 */ 823static void __init mm_init(void) 824{ 825 /* 826 * page_ext requires contiguous pages, 827 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM. 828 */ 829 page_ext_init_flatmem(); 830 init_debug_pagealloc(); 831 report_meminit(); 832 mem_init(); 833 /* page_owner must be initialized after buddy is ready */ 834 page_ext_init_flatmem_late(); 835 kmem_cache_init(); 836 kmemleak_init(); 837 pgtable_init(); 838 debug_objects_mem_init(); 839 vmalloc_init(); 840 ioremap_huge_init(); 841 /* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */ 842 init_espfix_bsp(); 843 /* Should be run after espfix64 is set up. */ 844 pti_init(); 845 mm_cache_init(); 846} 847 848void __init __weak arch_call_rest_init(void) 849{ 850 rest_init(); 851} 852 853asmlinkage __visible void __init __no_sanitize_address start_kernel(void) 854{ 855 char *command_line; 856 char *after_dashes; 857 858 set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task); 859 smp_setup_processor_id(); 860 debug_objects_early_init(); 861 862 cgroup_init_early(); 863 864 local_irq_disable(); 865 early_boot_irqs_disabled = true; 866 867 /* 868 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then 869 * enable them. 870 */ 871 boot_cpu_init(); 872 page_address_init(); 873 pr_notice("%s", linux_banner); 874 early_security_init(); 875 setup_arch(&command_line); 876 setup_boot_config(command_line); 877 setup_command_line(command_line); 878 setup_nr_cpu_ids(); 879 setup_per_cpu_areas(); 880 smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */ 881 boot_cpu_hotplug_init(); 882 883 build_all_zonelists(NULL); 884 page_alloc_init(); 885 886 pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line); 887 /* parameters may set static keys */ 888 jump_label_init(); 889 parse_early_param(); 890 after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel", 891 static_command_line, __start___param, 892 __stop___param - __start___param, 893 -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption); 894 if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes)) 895 parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1, 896 NULL, set_init_arg); 897 if (extra_init_args) 898 parse_args("Setting extra init args", extra_init_args, 899 NULL, 0, -1, -1, NULL, set_init_arg); 900 901 /* 902 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede 903 * kmem_cache_init() 904 */ 905 setup_log_buf(0); 906 vfs_caches_init_early(); 907 sort_main_extable(); 908 trap_init(); 909 mm_init(); 910 poking_init(); 911 ftrace_init(); 912 913 /* trace_printk can be enabled here */ 914 early_trace_init(); 915 916 /* 917 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the 918 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init() 919 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler. 920 */ 921 sched_init(); 922 923 if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(), 924 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n")) 925 local_irq_disable(); 926 radix_tree_init(); 927 928 /* 929 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound 930 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account. 931 */ 932 housekeeping_init(); 933 934 /* 935 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling 936 * early. Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after 937 * workqueue_init(). 938 */ 939 workqueue_init_early(); 940 941 rcu_init(); 942 943 /* Trace events are available after this */ 944 trace_init(); 945 946 if (initcall_debug) 947 initcall_debug_enable(); 948 949 context_tracking_init(); 950 /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */ 951 early_irq_init(); 952 init_IRQ(); 953 tick_init(); 954 rcu_init_nohz(); 955 init_timers(); 956 hrtimers_init(); 957 softirq_init(); 958 timekeeping_init(); 959 time_init(); 960 961 /* 962 * For best initial stack canary entropy, prepare it after: 963 * - setup_arch() for any UEFI RNG entropy and boot cmdline access 964 * - timekeeping_init() for ktime entropy used in random_init() 965 * - time_init() for making random_get_entropy() work on some platforms 966 * - random_init() to initialize the RNG from from early entropy sources 967 */ 968 random_init(command_line); 969 boot_init_stack_canary(); 970 971 perf_event_init(); 972 profile_init(); 973 call_function_init(); 974 WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n"); 975 976 early_boot_irqs_disabled = false; 977 local_irq_enable(); 978 979 kmem_cache_init_late(); 980 981 /* 982 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before 983 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of 984 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong. 985 */ 986 console_init(); 987 if (panic_later) 988 panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later, 989 panic_param); 990 991 lockdep_init(); 992 993 /* 994 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants 995 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs 996 * too: 997 */ 998 locking_selftest(); 999 1000#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD 1001 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok && 1002 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) { 1003 pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n", 1004 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)), 1005 min_low_pfn); 1006 initrd_start = 0; 1007 } 1008#endif 1009 setup_per_cpu_pageset(); 1010 numa_policy_init(); 1011 acpi_early_init(); 1012 if (late_time_init) 1013 late_time_init(); 1014 sched_clock_init(); 1015 calibrate_delay(); 1016 1017 arch_cpu_finalize_init(); 1018 1019 pid_idr_init(); 1020 anon_vma_init(); 1021#ifdef CONFIG_X86 1022 if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES)) 1023 efi_enter_virtual_mode(); 1024#endif 1025 thread_stack_cache_init(); 1026 cred_init(); 1027 fork_init(); 1028 proc_caches_init(); 1029 uts_ns_init(); 1030 buffer_init(); 1031 key_init(); 1032 security_init(); 1033 dbg_late_init(); 1034 vfs_caches_init(); 1035 pagecache_init(); 1036 signals_init(); 1037 seq_file_init(); 1038 proc_root_init(); 1039 nsfs_init(); 1040 cpuset_init(); 1041 cgroup_init(); 1042 taskstats_init_early(); 1043 delayacct_init(); 1044#ifdef CONFIG_RECLAIM_ACCT 1045 reclaimacct_init(); 1046#endif 1047 1048 acpi_subsystem_init(); 1049 arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(); 1050 sfi_init_late(); 1051 kcsan_init(); 1052 1053 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */ 1054 arch_call_rest_init(); 1055 1056 prevent_tail_call_optimization(); 1057} 1058 1059/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */ 1060static void __init do_ctors(void) 1061{ 1062#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS 1063 ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start; 1064 1065 for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++) 1066 (*fn)(); 1067#endif 1068} 1069 1070#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS 1071struct blacklist_entry { 1072 struct list_head next; 1073 char *buf; 1074}; 1075 1076static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls); 1077 1078static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str) 1079{ 1080 char *str_entry; 1081 struct blacklist_entry *entry; 1082 1083 /* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */ 1084 do { 1085 str_entry = strsep(&str, ","); 1086 if (str_entry) { 1087 pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry); 1088 entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry), 1089 SMP_CACHE_BYTES); 1090 if (!entry) 1091 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", 1092 __func__, sizeof(*entry)); 1093 entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1, 1094 SMP_CACHE_BYTES); 1095 if (!entry->buf) 1096 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", 1097 __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1); 1098 strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry); 1099 list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls); 1100 } 1101 } while (str_entry); 1102 1103 return 1; 1104} 1105 1106static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn) 1107{ 1108 struct blacklist_entry *entry; 1109 char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN]; 1110 unsigned long addr; 1111 1112 if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls)) 1113 return false; 1114 1115 addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn); 1116 sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr); 1117 1118 /* 1119 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not 1120 * displayed for built-in init functions. Strip off the [module_name]. 1121 */ 1122 strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0'); 1123 1124 list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) { 1125 if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) { 1126 pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name); 1127 return true; 1128 } 1129 } 1130 1131 return false; 1132} 1133#else 1134static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str) 1135{ 1136 pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n"); 1137 return 0; 1138} 1139 1140static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn) 1141{ 1142 return false; 1143} 1144#endif 1145__setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist); 1146 1147static __init_or_module void 1148trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn) 1149{ 1150 ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data; 1151 1152 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %pS @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current)); 1153 *calltime = ktime_get(); 1154} 1155 1156static __init_or_module void 1157trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret) 1158{ 1159 ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data; 1160 ktime_t delta, rettime; 1161 unsigned long long duration; 1162 1163 rettime = ktime_get(); 1164 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, *calltime); 1165 duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10; 1166 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs\n", 1167 fn, ret, duration); 1168} 1169 1170static ktime_t initcall_calltime; 1171 1172#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED 1173static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void) 1174{ 1175 int ret; 1176 1177 ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb, 1178 &initcall_calltime); 1179 ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb, 1180 &initcall_calltime); 1181 WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints\n"); 1182} 1183# define do_trace_initcall_start trace_initcall_start 1184# define do_trace_initcall_finish trace_initcall_finish 1185#else 1186static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn) 1187{ 1188 if (!initcall_debug) 1189 return; 1190 trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn); 1191} 1192static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret) 1193{ 1194 if (!initcall_debug) 1195 return; 1196 trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret); 1197} 1198#endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */ 1199 1200int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn) 1201{ 1202 int count = preempt_count(); 1203 char msgbuf[64]; 1204 int ret; 1205 1206 if (initcall_blacklisted(fn)) 1207 return -EPERM; 1208 1209 do_trace_initcall_start(fn); 1210 ret = fn(); 1211 do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret); 1212 1213 msgbuf[0] = 0; 1214 1215 if (preempt_count() != count) { 1216 sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance "); 1217 preempt_count_set(count); 1218 } 1219 if (irqs_disabled()) { 1220 strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf)); 1221 local_irq_enable(); 1222 } 1223 WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf); 1224 1225 add_latent_entropy(); 1226 return ret; 1227} 1228 1229 1230extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_start[]; 1231extern initcall_entry_t __initcall0_start[]; 1232extern initcall_entry_t __initcall1_start[]; 1233extern initcall_entry_t __initcall2_start[]; 1234extern initcall_entry_t __initcall3_start[]; 1235extern initcall_entry_t __initcall4_start[]; 1236extern initcall_entry_t __initcall5_start[]; 1237extern initcall_entry_t __initcall6_start[]; 1238extern initcall_entry_t __initcall7_start[]; 1239extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_end[]; 1240 1241static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = { 1242 __initcall0_start, 1243 __initcall1_start, 1244 __initcall2_start, 1245 __initcall3_start, 1246 __initcall4_start, 1247 __initcall5_start, 1248 __initcall6_start, 1249 __initcall7_start, 1250 __initcall_end, 1251}; 1252 1253/* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */ 1254static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = { 1255 "pure", 1256 "core", 1257 "postcore", 1258 "arch", 1259 "subsys", 1260 "fs", 1261 "device", 1262 "late", 1263}; 1264 1265static int __init ignore_unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val, 1266 const char *unused, void *arg) 1267{ 1268 return 0; 1269} 1270 1271static void __init do_initcall_level(int level, char *command_line) 1272{ 1273 initcall_entry_t *fn; 1274 1275 parse_args(initcall_level_names[level], 1276 command_line, __start___param, 1277 __stop___param - __start___param, 1278 level, level, 1279 NULL, ignore_unknown_bootoption); 1280 1281 trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]); 1282 for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++) 1283 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn)); 1284} 1285 1286static void __init do_initcalls(void) 1287{ 1288 int level; 1289 size_t len = strlen(saved_command_line) + 1; 1290 char *command_line; 1291 1292 command_line = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL); 1293 if (!command_line) 1294 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len); 1295 1296 for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++) { 1297 /* Parser modifies command_line, restore it each time */ 1298 strcpy(command_line, saved_command_line); 1299 do_initcall_level(level, command_line); 1300 } 1301 1302 kfree(command_line); 1303} 1304 1305/* 1306 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices 1307 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and 1308 * running, and memory and process management works. 1309 * 1310 * Now we can finally start doing some real work.. 1311 */ 1312static void __init do_basic_setup(void) 1313{ 1314 cpuset_init_smp(); 1315 driver_init(); 1316 init_irq_proc(); 1317 do_ctors(); 1318 usermodehelper_enable(); 1319 do_initcalls(); 1320} 1321 1322static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void) 1323{ 1324 initcall_entry_t *fn; 1325 1326 trace_initcall_level("early"); 1327 for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++) 1328 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn)); 1329} 1330 1331static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename) 1332{ 1333 const char *const *p; 1334 1335 argv_init[0] = init_filename; 1336 pr_info("Run %s as init process\n", init_filename); 1337 pr_debug(" with arguments:\n"); 1338 for (p = argv_init; *p; p++) 1339 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p); 1340 pr_debug(" with environment:\n"); 1341 for (p = envp_init; *p; p++) 1342 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p); 1343 return kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init); 1344} 1345 1346static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename) 1347{ 1348 int ret; 1349 1350 ret = run_init_process(init_filename); 1351 1352 if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) { 1353 pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n", 1354 init_filename, ret); 1355 } 1356 1357 return ret; 1358} 1359 1360static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void); 1361 1362#if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX) 1363bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true; 1364static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str) 1365{ 1366 if (strtobool(str, &rodata_enabled)) 1367 pr_warn("Invalid option string for rodata: '%s'\n", str); 1368 return 1; 1369} 1370__setup("rodata=", set_debug_rodata); 1371#endif 1372 1373#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX 1374static void mark_readonly(void) 1375{ 1376 if (rodata_enabled) { 1377 /* 1378 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned 1379 * up with call_rcu(). Let's make sure that queued work is 1380 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for 1381 * insecure pages which are W+X. 1382 */ 1383 rcu_barrier(); 1384 mark_rodata_ro(); 1385 rodata_test(); 1386 } else 1387 pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n"); 1388} 1389#elif defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) 1390static inline void mark_readonly(void) 1391{ 1392 pr_warn("Kernel memory protection not selected by kernel config.\n"); 1393} 1394#else 1395static inline void mark_readonly(void) 1396{ 1397 pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n"); 1398} 1399#endif 1400 1401void __weak free_initmem(void) 1402{ 1403 free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM); 1404} 1405 1406static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused) 1407{ 1408 int ret; 1409 1410 kernel_init_freeable(); 1411 /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */ 1412 async_synchronize_full(); 1413 kprobe_free_init_mem(); 1414 ftrace_free_init_mem(); 1415 kgdb_free_init_mem(); 1416 free_initmem(); 1417 mark_readonly(); 1418 1419 /* 1420 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table 1421 * to finalize PTI. 1422 */ 1423 pti_finalize(); 1424 1425 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING; 1426 numa_default_policy(); 1427 1428 rcu_end_inkernel_boot(); 1429 1430 do_sysctl_args(); 1431 1432 if (ramdisk_execute_command) { 1433 ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command); 1434 if (!ret) 1435 return 0; 1436 pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n", 1437 ramdisk_execute_command, ret); 1438 } 1439 1440 /* 1441 * We try each of these until one succeeds. 1442 * 1443 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are 1444 * trying to recover a really broken machine. 1445 */ 1446 if (execute_command) { 1447 ret = run_init_process(execute_command); 1448 if (!ret) 1449 return 0; 1450 panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).", 1451 execute_command, ret); 1452 } 1453 1454 if (CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT[0] != '\0') { 1455 ret = run_init_process(CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT); 1456 if (ret) 1457 pr_err("Default init %s failed (error %d)\n", 1458 CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT, ret); 1459 else 1460 return 0; 1461 } 1462 1463 if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") || 1464 !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") || 1465 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") || 1466 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh")) 1467 return 0; 1468 1469 panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. " 1470 "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance."); 1471} 1472 1473/* Open /dev/console, for stdin/stdout/stderr, this should never fail */ 1474void __init console_on_rootfs(void) 1475{ 1476 struct file *file = filp_open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0); 1477 1478 if (IS_ERR(file)) { 1479 pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n"); 1480 return; 1481 } 1482 init_dup(file); 1483 init_dup(file); 1484 init_dup(file); 1485 fput(file); 1486} 1487 1488static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void) 1489{ 1490 /* 1491 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up. 1492 */ 1493 wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done); 1494 1495 /* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */ 1496 gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK; 1497 1498 /* 1499 * init can allocate pages on any node 1500 */ 1501 set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]); 1502 1503 cad_pid = get_pid(task_pid(current)); 1504 1505 smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus); 1506 1507 workqueue_init(); 1508 1509 init_mm_internals(); 1510 1511 rcu_init_tasks_generic(); 1512 do_pre_smp_initcalls(); 1513 lockup_detector_init(); 1514 1515 smp_init(); 1516 sched_init_smp(); 1517 1518 padata_init(); 1519 page_alloc_init_late(); 1520 /* Initialize page ext after all struct pages are initialized. */ 1521 page_ext_init(); 1522 1523 do_basic_setup(); 1524 1525 kunit_run_all_tests(); 1526 1527 console_on_rootfs(); 1528 1529 /* 1530 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all 1531 * the work 1532 */ 1533 if (init_eaccess(ramdisk_execute_command) != 0) { 1534 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL; 1535 prepare_namespace(); 1536 } 1537 1538 /* 1539 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and 1540 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the 1541 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff.. 1542 * 1543 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys 1544 * and default modules 1545 */ 1546 1547 integrity_load_keys(); 1548} 1549