10f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<html><head><title>toybox roadmap</title> 20f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<!--#include file="header.html" --> 30f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<title>Toybox Roadmap</title> 40f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 50f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Roadmap sections</h2> 60f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 70f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 80f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#goals>Introduction</a></li> 90f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#susv4>POSIX-2008/SUSv4</a></li> 100f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#sigh>Linux "Standard" Base</a></li> 110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#rfc>IETF RFCs and Man Pages</a></li> 120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#dev_env>Development Environment</a></li> 130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#android>Android Toolbox</a></li> 140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#aosp>Building AOSP</a></li> 150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#tizen>Tizen Core</a></li> 160f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#yocto>Yocto</a></li> 170f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#fhs>Filesystem Hierachy Standard</a></li> 180f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#buildroot>buildroot</a></li> 190f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li>Miscelaneous: <a href=#klibc>klibc</a>, <a href=#glibc>glibc</a>, 200f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=#sash>sash</a>, <a href=#sbase>sbase</a>, 210f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=#uclinux>uclinux</a>...</li> 220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href=#packages>Other Packages</a></li> 230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</ul> 240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name="goals" /> 260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Introduction (Goals and use cases)</h2> 270f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>We have several potential use cases for a new set of command line 290f66f451Sopenharmony_ciutilities, and are using those to determine which commands to implement 300f66f451Sopenharmony_cifor Toybox's 1.0 release. Most of these have their own section in the 310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=status.html>status page</a>, showing current progress towards 320f66f451Sopenharmony_cicommplation.</p> 330f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 340f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The most interesting publicly available standards are A) POSIX-2008 (also 350f66f451Sopenharmony_ciknown as SUSv4), B) the Linux Standard Base version 4.1, and C) the official 360f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/>Linux man pages</a>. 370f66f451Sopenharmony_ciBut they include commands we've decided not implement, exclude 380f66f451Sopenharmony_cicommands or features we have, and don't always entirely match reality.</p> 390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The most thorough real world test (other than a large interactive 410f66f451Sopenharmony_ciuserbase) is using toybox as the command line in a build system such as 420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://landley.net/aboriginal/about.html>Aboriginal 430f66f451Sopenharmony_ciLinux</a>, having it rebuild itself from source code, and using the result 440f66f451Sopenharmony_cito <a href=https://github.com/landley/control-images>build Linux From Scratch</a>. 450f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe current "minimal native development system" goal is to use 460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=faq.html#mkroot>mkroot</a> 470f66f451Sopenharmony_ciplus <a href=faq.html#cross>musl-cross-make</a> to hermetically build 480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://source.android.com>AOSP</a>.</p> 490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>We've also checked what commands were provided by similar projects 510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(klibc, sash, sbase, embutils, 520f66f451Sopenharmony_cinash, and beastiebox), looked at various vendor configurations of busybox, 530f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand collected end user requests.</p> 540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Finally, we'd like to provide a good replacement for the Bash shell, 560f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich was the first program Linux ever ran and remains the standard shell 570f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof Linux (no matter what Ubuntu says). This doesn't necessarily mean including 580f66f451Sopenharmony_cievery last Bash 5.x feature, but does involve {various,features} <(beyond) 590f66f451Sopenharmony_ciposix.</p> 600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 610f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>See the <a href=status.html>status page</a> for the categorized command list 620f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand progress towards implementing it. There's also a 630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=todo.html>historical todo list</a> from the project's 2011 relaunch.</p> 640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 650f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name="standards"> 670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Use case: standards compliance.</h2> 680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3><a name=susv4 /><a href="#susv4">POSIX-2008/SUSv4</a></h3> 700f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The best standards describe reality rather than attempting to impose a 710f66f451Sopenharmony_cinew one. A good standard should document, not legislate. 720f66f451Sopenharmony_ciStandards which document existing reality tend to be approved by 730f66f451Sopenharmony_cimore than one standards body, such ANSI and ISO both approving <a href=https://landley.net/c99-draft.html>C99</a>. That's why IEEE 1003.1-2008, 740f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe Single Unix Specification version 4, and the Open Group Base Specification 750f66f451Sopenharmony_ciedition 7 are all the same standard from three sources, but most people just 760f66f451Sopenharmony_cicall it "posix" (portable operating system derived from unix). 770f66f451Sopenharmony_ciIt's available <a href=https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799>online in full</a>, and may be downloaded as a tarball. 780f66f451Sopenharmony_ciPrevious versions (<a href=https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/>SUSv3</a> and 790f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7990989775/>SUSv2</a>) 800f66f451Sopenharmony_ciare also available. 810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(Note: 820f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799.2008edition/>Posix 830f66f451Sopenharmony_ci2008</a> was reissued in 2013 and 2018, the first was minor wordsmithing 840f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwith no behavioral changes, the second was to renew a ten year timeout 850f66f451Sopenharmony_cito still be considered a "current standard" by some government regulations. 860f66f451Sopenharmony_ciIt's still posix-2008/SUSv4/issue 7.)</p> 870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Why not just use posix for everything?</h3> 890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 900f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Unfortunately, Posix describes an incomplete subset of reality, because 910f66f451Sopenharmony_ciit was designed to. It started with proprietary unix vendors collaborating to 920f66f451Sopenharmony_cidescribe the functionality their fragmented APIs could agree on, which was then 930f66f451Sopenharmony_ciincorporated into <a href=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/FIPS/fipspub151-2-1993.pdf>US federal procurement standards</a> 940f66f451Sopenharmony_cias a <a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwrTTXOg-KI>compliance requirement</a> 950f66f451Sopenharmony_cifor things like navy contracts, giving large corporations 960f66f451Sopenharmony_cilike IBM and Microsoft millions of dollars of incentive 970f66f451Sopenharmony_cito punch holes in the standard big enough to drive 980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem>Windows NT</a> and 990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://www.naspa.net/magazine/1996/May/T9605006.PDF>OS/360</a> through. 1000f66f451Sopenharmony_ciWhen open source projects like Linux started developing on the internet 1010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(enabled by the 1993 relaxation of the National Science Foundation's 1020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"Acceptable Use Policy" allowing everyone to connect to the internet, 1030f66f451Sopenharmony_cipreviously restricted to approved government/military/university organizations), 1040f66f451Sopenharmony_ciPosix <a href=http://www.opengroup.org/testing/fips/policy_info.html>ignored 1050f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe upstarts</a> and Linux eventually 1060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3417>returned the favor</a>, 1070f66f451Sopenharmony_cileaving Posix behind.</p> 1080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1090f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The result is a "standard" that lacks any mention of commands like 1100f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"init" or "mount" required to actually boot a system. 1110f66f451Sopenharmony_ciIt describes logname but not login. It provides ipcrm 1120f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand ipcs, but not ipcmk, so you can use System V IPC resources but not create 1130f66f451Sopenharmony_cithem. And widely used real-world commands such as tar and cpio (the basis 1140f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof initramfs and RPM) which were present in earlier 1150f66f451Sopenharmony_civersions of the standard have been removed, while obsolete commands like 1160f66f451Sopenharmony_cicksum, compress, sccs and uucp remain with no mention of modern counterparts 1170f66f451Sopenharmony_cilike crc32/sha1sum, gzip/xz, svn/git or scp/rsync. Meanwhile posix' description 1180f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof the commands 1190f66f451Sopenharmony_cithemselves are missing dozens of features and specify silly things like ebcdic 1200f66f451Sopenharmony_cisupport in dd or that wc should use %d (not %lld) for byte counts. So 1210f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwe have to extensively filter posix to get a useful set of recommendations.</p> 1220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Analysis</h3> 1240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Starting with the 1260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799.2008edition/idx/utilities.html">full "utilities" list</a>, 1270f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwe first remove generally obsolete 1280f66f451Sopenharmony_cicommands (compress ed ex pr uncompress uccp uustat uux), commands for the 1290f66f451Sopenharmony_cipre-CVS "SCCS" source control system (admin delta get prs rmdel sact sccs unget 1300f66f451Sopenharmony_cival what), fortran support (asa fort77), and batch processing support (batch 1310f66f451Sopenharmony_ciqalter qdel qhold qmove qmsg qrerun qrls qselect qsig qstat qsub).</p> 1320f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1330f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Some commands are for a compiler toolchain (ar c99 cflow ctags cxref gencat 1340f66f451Sopenharmony_ciiconv lex m4 make nm strings strip tsort yacc) which is outside of toybox's 1350f66f451Sopenharmony_cimandate and should be supplied externally. (Again, some of these may be 1360f66f451Sopenharmony_cirevisited later, but not for toybox 1.0.)</p> 1370f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1380f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Some commands are part of a command shell, and can't be implemented as 1390f66f451Sopenharmony_ciseparate executables (alias bg cd command fc fg getopts hash jobs kill read 1400f66f451Sopenharmony_citype ulimit umask unalias wait). These may be revisited as part of the built-in 1410f66f451Sopenharmony_citoybox shell, but are not exported into $PATH via symlinks. (If you fork a 1420f66f451Sopenharmony_cichild process and have it "cd" then exit, you've accomplished nothing.) 1430f66f451Sopenharmony_ciAgain, what posix provides is incomplete: a shell also needs exit, if, while, 1440f66f451Sopenharmony_cifor, case, export, set, unset, trap, exec... (And for bash compatibility 1450f66f451Sopenharmony_cifunction, source, declare...)</p> 1460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>A few other commands are judgement calls, providing command-line 1480f66f451Sopenharmony_ciinternationalization support (iconv locale localedef), System V inter-process 1490f66f451Sopenharmony_cicommunication (ipcrm ipcs), and cross-tty communication from the minicomputer 1500f66f451Sopenharmony_cidays (talk mesg write). The "pax" utility <a href=https://slashdot.org/story/06/09/04/1335226/debian-kicks-jrg-schilling>failed</a> to replace tar, 1510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"mailx" is 1520f66f451Sopenharmony_cia command line email client, and "lp" submits files for printing to... what 1530f66f451Sopenharmony_ciexactly? (cups?) The standard defines crontab but not crond. What is 1540f66f451Sopenharmony_cipathchk supposed to be portable _to_? (Linux accepts 255 byte path components 1550f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwith any char except NUL or / and no max length on the total path, and 1560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://yarchive.net/comp/linux/utf8.html>EXPLICITLY</a> 1570f66f451Sopenharmony_cidoesn't care if it's an invalid utf8 sequence.)</p> 1580f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1590f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Removing all of that leaves the following commands, which toybox should 1600f66f451Sopenharmony_ciimplement:</p> 1610f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1620f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 1630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=posix> 1640f66f451Sopenharmony_ciat awk basename bc cal cat chgrp chmod chown cksum cmp comm cp 1650f66f451Sopenharmony_cicsplit cut date dd df diff dirname du echo env expand expr false file find 1660f66f451Sopenharmony_cifold fuser getconf grep head id join kill link ln logger logname ls man 1670f66f451Sopenharmony_cimkdir mkfifo more mv newgrp nice nl nohup od paste patch printf ps 1680f66f451Sopenharmony_cipwd renice rm rmdir sed sh sleep sort split stty tabs tail tee test time 1690f66f451Sopenharmony_citouch tput tr true tty uname unexpand uniq unlink uudecode uuencode vi wc 1700f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwho xargs zcat 1710f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 1720f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 1730f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1740f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3><a name=sigh /><a href="#sigh">Linux Standard Base</a></h3> 1750f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1760f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>One attempt to supplement POSIX towards an actual usable system was the 1770f66f451Sopenharmony_ciLinux Standard Base. Unfortunately, the quality of this "standard" is 1780f66f451Sopenharmony_cifairly low, largely due to the Free Standards Group that maintained it 1790f66f451Sopenharmony_cibeing consumed by <a href=https://landley.net/notes-2010.html#18-07-2010>the Linux Foundation</a> in 2007.</p> 1800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Where POSIX allowed its standards process to be compromised 1820f66f451Sopenharmony_ciby leaving things out (but what 1830f66f451Sopenharmony_cithey DID standardize tends to be respected, if sometimes obsolete), 1840f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe Linux Standard Base's failure mode is different. They respond to 1850f66f451Sopenharmony_cipressure by including anything their members pay them enough to promote, 1860f66f451Sopenharmony_cisuch as allowing Red Hat to push 1870f66f451Sopenharmony_ciRPM into the standard even though all sorts of distros (Debian, Slackware, Arch, 1880f66f451Sopenharmony_ciGentoo, Android) don't use it and never will. This means anything in the LSB is 1890f66f451Sopenharmony_ciat best a suggestion: arbitrary portions of this standard are widely 1900f66f451Sopenharmony_ciignored.</p> 1910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The <a href=https://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/39546.html>community perception</a> 1930f66f451Sopenharmony_ciseems to be that the Linux Standard Base is 1940f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe best standard money can buy, I.E. the Linux Foundation is supported by 1950f66f451Sopenharmony_cifinancial donations from large companies and the LSB 1960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://www.softwarefreedom.org/blog/2016/apr/11/lf/>represents the interests 1970f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof those donors</a> regardless of technical merit. (The Linux Foundation, which 1980f66f451Sopenharmony_cimaintains the LSB, isn't a 501c3. It's a 501c6, the 1990f66f451Sopenharmony_cisame kind of legal entity as the Tobacco Institute and 2000f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://lwn.net/Articles/706585/>Microsoft's</a> 2010f66f451Sopenharmony_ciold "<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Copy_That_Floppy>Don't Copy That Floppy</a>" program.) Debian officially 2020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/658809>washed its hands of LSB</a> by 2030f66f451Sopenharmony_cirefusing to adopt release 5.0 in 2015, and no longer even pretends to support 2040f66f451Sopenharmony_ciit (which affect Debian derivatives like Ubuntu and Knoppix). Toybox has 2050f66f451Sopenharmony_cistayed on 4.1 for similar reasons: a lot of historical effort went into 2060f66f451Sopenharmony_ciproducing the standard before the Linux Foundation took over.</p> 2070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>That said, Posix by itself isn't enough, and this is the next most 2090f66f451Sopenharmony_cicomprehensive standards effort for Linux so far, so we salvage what we can.</p> 2100f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Analysis</h3> 2120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The LSB specifies a <a href=http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/cmdbehav.html>list of command line 2140f66f451Sopenharmony_ciutilities</a>:</p> 2150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2160f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 2170f66f451Sopenharmony_ciar at awk batch bc chfn chsh col cpio crontab df dmesg du echo egrep 2180f66f451Sopenharmony_cifgrep file fuser gettext grep groupadd groupdel groupmod groups 2190f66f451Sopenharmony_cigunzip gzip hostname install install_initd ipcrm ipcs killall lpr ls 2200f66f451Sopenharmony_cilsb_release m4 md5sum mknod mktemp more mount msgfmt newgrp od passwd 2210f66f451Sopenharmony_cipatch pidof remove_initd renice sed sendmail seq sh shutdown su sync 2220f66f451Sopenharmony_citar umount useradd userdel usermod xargs zcat 2230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 2240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Where posix specifies one of those commands, LSB's deltas tend to be 2260f66f451Sopenharmony_ciaccomodations for broken tool versions which aren't up to date with the 2270f66f451Sopenharmony_cistandard yet. (See <a href=http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/more.html>more</a> and <a href=http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/xargs.html>xargs</a> 2280f66f451Sopenharmony_cifor examples.)</p> 2290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Since we've already committed to using our own judgement to skip bits of 2310f66f451Sopenharmony_ciPOSIX, and LSB's "judgement" in this regard is purely bug workarounds to declare 2320f66f451Sopenharmony_civarious legacy tool implementations "compliant", this means we're mostly 2330f66f451Sopenharmony_ciinterested in the set of LSB tools that aren't mentioned in posix.</p> 2340f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2350f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Of these, gettext and msgfmt are internationalization, install_initd and 2360f66f451Sopenharmony_ciremove_initd weren't present in Ubuntu 10.04, lpr is out of scope, 2370f66f451Sopenharmony_cilsb_release just reports information in /etc/os-release, and sendmail's 2380f66f451Sopenharmony_citurned into a pile of cryptographic verification and DNS shenanigans due 2390f66f451Sopenharmony_cito spammers.</p> 2400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This leaves:</p> 2420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2430f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 2440f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=lsb> 2450f66f451Sopenharmony_cichfn chsh dmesg egrep fgrep groupadd groupdel groupmod groups 2460f66f451Sopenharmony_cigunzip gzip hostname install killall md5sum 2470f66f451Sopenharmony_cimknod mktemp mount passwd pidof seq shutdown 2480f66f451Sopenharmony_cisu sync tar umount useradd userdel usermod zcat 2490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 2500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 2510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3><a name=rfc /><a href="#rfc">IETF RFCs and Man Pages</a></h3> 2530f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>They're very nice, but there's thousands of them.</p> 2550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Discussion of standards wouldn't be complete without the Internet 2570f66f451Sopenharmony_ciEngineering Task Force's "<a href=https://www.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc-index.txt>Request For Comments</a>" collection and Michael Kerrisk's 2580f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/>Linux man-pages project</a>. 2590f66f451Sopenharmony_ciExcept these aren't standards, they're collections of documentation with 2600f66f451Sopenharmony_cilow barriers to inclusion. They're not saying "you should support 2610f66f451Sopenharmony_ciX", they're saying "if you do, here's how". 2620f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThus neither really helps us select which commands to include.</p> 2630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The man pages website includes the commands in git, yum, perf, postgres, 2650f66f451Sopenharmony_ciflatpack... Great for examining the features of a command you've 2660f66f451Sopenharmony_cialready decided to include, useless for deciding _what_ to include.</p> 2670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The RFCs are more about protocols than commands. The noise level is 2690f66f451Sopenharmony_ciextremely high: there's thousands of RFCs, many describing a proposed idea 2700f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat never took off, and less than 1% of the resulting documents are 2710f66f451Sopenharmony_cicurrently relevant to toybox. And the documents are numbered based on the 2720f66f451Sopenharmony_ciorder they were received, with no real attempt at coherently indexing 2730f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe result. As with man pages they can be <a href=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0610.txt>long and complicated</a> or 2740f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1951.txt>terse and impenetrable</a>, 2750f66f451Sopenharmony_cihave developed a certain amount of <a href=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8179.txt>bureaucracy</a> over the years, and often the easiest way to understand what 2760f66f451Sopenharmony_cithey <a href=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4330.txt>document</a> is to find an <a href=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1769.txt>earlier version</a> to read first.</p> 2770f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2780f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>That said, RFC documents can be useful (especially for networking protocols) 2790f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand the four URL templates the recommended starting files 2800f66f451Sopenharmony_cifor new commands (toys/example/skeleton.c or toys/example/hello.c depending on how much 2810f66f451Sopenharmony_ciplumbing you want to start with) provide point to posix, lsb, man, and 2820f66f451Sopenharmony_cirfc pages.</p> 2830f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 2850f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name="dev_env"> 2860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2><a href="#dev_env">Use case: provide a self-hosting development environment</a></h2> 2870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The following commands were enough to build the <a href=http://landley.net/aboriginal/about.html>Aboriginal Linux</a> development 2890f66f451Sopenharmony_cienvironment, boot it to a shell prompt, and build <a href=http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/6.8/>Linux From Scratch 6.8</a> under it.</p> 2900f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 2910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 2920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=development> 2930f66f451Sopenharmony_cibzcat cat cp dirname echo env patch rmdir sha1sum sleep sort sync 2940f66f451Sopenharmony_citrue uname wc which yes zcat 2950f66f451Sopenharmony_ciawk basename chmod chown cmp cut date dd diff 2960f66f451Sopenharmony_ciegrep expr fdisk find grep gzip head hostname id install ln ls 2970f66f451Sopenharmony_cimkdir mktemp mv od readlink rm sed sh tail tar touch tr uniq 2980f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwget whoami xargs chgrp comm gunzip less logname split 2990f66f451Sopenharmony_citee test time bunzip2 chgrp chroot comm cpio dmesg 3000f66f451Sopenharmony_cidnsdomainname ftpd ftpget ftpput gunzip ifconfig init less 3010f66f451Sopenharmony_cilogname losetup mdev mount mountpoint nc pgrep pkill 3020f66f451Sopenharmony_cipwd route split stat switch_root tac umount vi 3030f66f451Sopenharmony_ciresize2fs tune2fs fsck.ext2 genext2fs mke2fs xzcat 3040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 3050f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 3060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This use case includes running init scripts and other shell scripts, running 3080f66f451Sopenharmony_ciconfigure, make, and install in each package, and providing basic command line 3090f66f451Sopenharmony_cifacilities such as a text editor. (It does not include a compiler toolchain or 3100f66f451Sopenharmony_ciC library, those are outside the scope of the toybox project, although mkroot 3110f66f451Sopenharmony_cihas a <a href=https://landley.net/code/qcc>potentialy follow-up project</a>. 3120f66f451Sopenharmony_ciFor now we use distro toolchains, 3130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://github.com/richfelker/musl-cross-make>musl-cross-make</a>, 3140f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand the Android NDK for build testing.) 3150f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThat build system also instaled bash 2.05b as #!/bin/sh and its scripts 3160f66f451Sopenharmony_cirequired bash extensions not present in shells such as busybox ash. 3170f66f451Sopenharmony_ciTo replace that toysh needs to supply several bash extensions _and_ work 3180f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhen called under the name "bash".</p> 3190f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3200f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The development methodology used a <a href=http://landley.net/aboriginal/FAQ.html#debug_logging>command logging wrapper</a> 3210f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat intercepted each command called out of the $PATH and append the 3220f66f451Sopenharmony_cicommand line to a log file, then <a href=https://github.com/landley/aboriginal/blob/master/more/report-recorded-commands.sh>analyze</a> the result to create a 3230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://landley.net/notes-2008.html#23-01-2008>list of commands</a>, 3240f66f451Sopenharmony_cithen <a href=https://github.com/landley/aboriginal/blob/master/host-tools.sh>create a directory of symlinks</a> pointing to those commands out of the 3250f66f451Sopenharmony_cihost $PATH. Then the new implementation can replace these commands one 3260f66f451Sopenharmony_ciat a time, checking the results and the log output to spot any behavior 3270f66f451Sopenharmony_cichanges.</p> 3280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Stages and moving targets</h3> 3300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This use case has two stages: 1) building a bootable system that can 3320f66f451Sopenharmony_cirebuild itself from source, and 2) a build environment capable 3330f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof bootstrapping up to arbitrary complexity (as exemplified by building 3340f66f451Sopenharmony_ciLinux From Scratch and Beyond Linux From Scratch under the resulting 3350f66f451Sopenharmony_cisystem). To accomplish just the first goal, the old build 3360f66f451Sopenharmony_cistill needs the following busybox commands for which toybox does not yet 3370f66f451Sopenharmony_cisupply adequate replacements:</p> 3380f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 3400f66f451Sopenharmony_ciawk dd diff expr fdisk ftpd gzip less route sh tr unxz vi wget xzcat 3410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 3420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3430f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>All of those except awk, ftpd, and less have partial implementations 3440f66f451Sopenharmony_ciin "pending".</p> 3450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>In 2017 Aboriginal Linux development ended, replaced by the 3470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://github.com/landley/mkroot>mkroot</a> project 3480f66f451Sopenharmony_cidesigned to use an existing cross+native toolchain (such as 3490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://github.com/richfelker/musl-cross-make>musl-cross-make</a> 3500f66f451Sopenharmony_cior the Android NDK) instead of building its own. In 2019 the still-incomplete 3510f66f451Sopenharmony_cimkroot was merged into toybox as the "make root" target. This is intended 3520f66f451Sopenharmony_cias a simpler way of providing essentially the same build environment, and doesn't 3530f66f451Sopenharmony_cisignificantly affect the rest of this analysis (although the "rebuild itself 3540f66f451Sopenharmony_cifrom source" test now includes building musl-cross-make under either mkroot 3550f66f451Sopenharmony_cior toybox's "make airlock" host environment).</p> 3560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3570f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Building Linux From Scratch is not the same as building the 3580f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://source.android.com>Android Open Source Project</a>, 3590f66f451Sopenharmony_cibut after toybox 1.0 we plan to try 3600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://landley.net/aboriginal/about.html#hairball>modifying the AOSP build</a> 3610f66f451Sopenharmony_cito reduce dependencies. (It's fairly likely we'll have to add at least 3620f66f451Sopenharmony_cia read-only git utility so repo can download the build's source code, 3630f66f451Sopenharmony_cibut that's actually <a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7n6G2IL6eo>not 3640f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat hard</a>. We'll probably also need our own "make" at some point after 3650f66f451Sopenharmony_ci1.0, which is its own moving target thanks to cmake and ninja and so on.) 3660f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe ongoing Android <a href=http://lists.landley.net/pipermail/toybox-landley.net/2018-January/009330.html>hermetic build</a> work is already advancing 3670f66f451Sopenharmony_cithis goal.</p> 3680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 3700f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2><a name=android /><a href="#android">Use case: Replacing Android Toolbox</a></h2> 3710f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3720f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Android has a policy against GPL in userspace, so even though BusyBox 3730f66f451Sopenharmony_cipredates Android by many years, they couldn't use it. Instead they grabbed 3740f66f451Sopenharmony_cian old version of ash (later replaced by 3750f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href="https://www.mirbsd.org/mksh.htm">mksh</a>) 3760f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand implemented their own command line utility set 3770f66f451Sopenharmony_cicalled "toolbox" (which toybox has already mostly replaced).</p> 3780f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3790f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Toolbox doesn't have its own repository, instead it's part of Android's 3800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core>system/core 3810f66f451Sopenharmony_cigit repository</a>. Android's Native Development Kit (their standalone 3820f66f451Sopenharmony_cidownloadable toolchain) has its own 3830f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/master/docs/Roadmap.md>roadmap</a>, and each version has 3840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads/revision_history>release 3850f66f451Sopenharmony_cinotes</a>.</p> 3860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Toolbox commands:</h3> 3880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>According to <a href=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/master/toolbox/Android.bp> 3900f66f451Sopenharmony_cisystem/core/toolbox/Android.bp</a> the toolbox directory builds the 3910f66f451Sopenharmony_cifollowing commands:</p> 3920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 3940f66f451Sopenharmony_cigetevent getprop modprobe setprop start 3950f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 3960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 3970f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>getprop/setprop/start were in toybox and moved back because they're so 3980f66f451Sopenharmony_citied to non-public system interfaces. modprobe shares the implementation 3990f66f451Sopenharmony_ciused in init. getevent is a board bringup tool built with a python script 4000f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat pulls all the constants from the latest kernel headers.</p> 4010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Other Android /system/bin commands</h3> 4030f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Other than the toolbox links, the currently interesting 4050f66f451Sopenharmony_cibinaries in /system/bin are:</p> 4060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 4080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>arping</b> - ARP REQUEST tool (iputils)</li> 4090f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>blkid</b> - identify block devices (e2fsprogs)</li> 4100f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>e2fsck</b> - fsck for ext2/ext3/ext4 (e2fsprogs)</li> 4110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>fsck.f2fs</b> - fsck for f2fs (f2fs-tools)</li> 4120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>fsck_msdos</b> - fsck for FAT (BSD)</li> 4130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gzip</b> - compression/decompression tool (zlib)</li> 4140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>ip</b> - network routing tool (iproute2)</li> 4150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>iptables/ip6tables</b> - IPv4/IPv6 NAT admin (iptables)</li> 4160f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>iw</b> - wireless device config tool (iw)</li> 4170f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>logwrapper</b> - redirect stdio to android log (Android)</li> 4180f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>make_ext4fs</b> - make ext4 fs (Android)</li> 4190f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>make_f2fs</b> - make f2fs fs (f2fs-tools)</li> 4200f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>ping/ping6</b> - ICMP ECHO_REQUEST tool (iputils)</li> 4210f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>reboot</b> - reboot (Android)</li> 4220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>resize2fs</b> - resize ext2/ext3/ext4 fs (e2fsprogs)</li> 4230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>sh</b> - mksh (BSD)</li> 4240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>ss</b> - socket statistics (iproute2)</li> 4250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>tc</b> - traffic control (iproute2)</li> 4260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>tracepath/tracepath6</b> - trace network path (iputils)</li> 4270f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>traceroute/traceroute6</b> - trace network route (iputils)</li> 4280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</ul> 4290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The names in parentheses are the upstream source of the command.</p> 4310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4320f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Analysis</h3> 4330f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4340f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>For reference, combining everything listed above that's still "fair game" 4350f66f451Sopenharmony_cifor toybox, we get:</p> 4360f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4370f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 4380f66f451Sopenharmony_ciarping blkid e2fsck dd fsck.f2fs fsck_msdos gzip ip iptables 4390f66f451Sopenharmony_ciip6tables iw logwrapper make_ext4fs make_f2fs modpobe newfs_msdos ping ping6 4400f66f451Sopenharmony_cireboot resize2fs sh ss tc tracepath tracepath6 traceroute traceroute6 4410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 4420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4430f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>We may eventually implement all of that, but for toybox 1.0 we need to 4440f66f451Sopenharmony_cifocus a bit. If Android has an acceptable external package, and the command 4450f66f451Sopenharmony_ciisn't needed for system bootstrapping, replacing the external package is 4460f66f451Sopenharmony_cinot a priority.</p> 4470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>However, several commands toybox plans to implement anyway could potentially 4490f66f451Sopenharmony_cireplace existing Android versions, so we should take into account Android's use 4500f66f451Sopenharmony_cicases when doing so. This includes:</p> 4510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 4520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=toolbox> 4530f66f451Sopenharmony_cidd getevent gzip modprobe newfs_msdos sh 4540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 4550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 4560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4570f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Update: <a href=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/master/system/core/Android.bp> 4580f66f451Sopenharmony_ciexternal/toybox/Android.bp</a> has symlinks for the following toys out 4590f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof "pending". (The toybox modprobe is also built for the device, but 4600f66f451Sopenharmony_ciit isn't actually used and is only there for sanity checking against 4610f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe libmodprobe-based implementation.) These should be a priority for 4620f66f451Sopenharmony_cicleanup:</p> 4630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 4650f66f451Sopenharmony_cibc dd diff expr getfattr lsof more stty tr traceroute 4660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 4670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Android wishlist:</p> 4690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4700f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 4710f66f451Sopenharmony_cimtools genvfatfs mke2fs gene2fs 4720f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 4730f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4740f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 4750f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2><a name=aosp /><a href="#aosp">Use case: Building AOSP</a></h2> 4760f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4770f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The list of external tools used to build AOSP was 4780f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/soong/+/master/ui/build/paths/config.go">here</a>, 4790f66f451Sopenharmony_cibut as they're switched over to toybox they disappear and reappear 4800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/build-tools/+/refs/heads/master/path/linux-x86/">here</a>.</p> 4810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4820f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 4830f66f451Sopenharmony_ciawk basename bash bc bzip2 cat chmod cmp comm cp cut date dd diff dirname du 4840f66f451Sopenharmony_ciecho egrep env expr find fuser getconf getopt git grep gzip head hexdump 4850f66f451Sopenharmony_cihostname id jar java javap ln ls lsof m4 make md5sum mkdir mktemp mv od openssl 4860f66f451Sopenharmony_cipaste patch pgrep pkill ps pstree pwd python python2.7 python3 readlink 4870f66f451Sopenharmony_cirealpath rm rmdir rsync sed setsid sh sha1sum sha256sum sha512sum 4880f66f451Sopenharmony_cisleep sort stat tar tail tee todos touch tr true uname uniq unix2dos unzip 4890f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwc which whoami xargs xxd xz zip zipinfo 4900f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 4910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The following are already in the tree and will be used directly:</p> 4930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4940f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 4950f66f451Sopenharmony_ciawk bzip2 jar java javap m4 make python python2.7 python3 xz 4960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 4970f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 4980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Subtracting what's already in toybox (including the following toybox toys 4990f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat are still in pending: <code>bc dd diff expr gzip lsof tar tr</code>), 5000f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat leaves:</p> 5010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 5030f66f451Sopenharmony_cibash fuser getopt git hexdump openssl pstree rsync sh todos unzip zip zipinfo 5040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 5050f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>For AOSP, zip/zipinfo/unzip are likely to be libziparchive based. The 5070f66f451Sopenharmony_citodos callers will use unix2dos instead if it's available. git/openssl 5080f66f451Sopenharmony_ciseem like they should just be brought in to the tree. rsync is used to 5090f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwork around a Mac <code>cp -Rf</code> bug with broken symbolic links. That 5100f66f451Sopenharmony_cileaves:</p> 5110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 5130f66f451Sopenharmony_cibash fuser getopt hexdump pstree 5140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 5150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5160f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>(Why are fuser and pstree used during the AOSP build? They're used for 5170f66f451Sopenharmony_cidiagnostics if something goes wrong. So it's really just bash, getopt, 5180f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand hexdump that are actually used to build.)</p> 5190f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5200f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 5210f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2><a name=tizen /><a href="#tizen">Use case: Tizen Core</a></h2> 5220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>A side effect of the Linux Foundation following the money to the 5240f66f451Sopenharmony_ciexclusion of all else is they "support" their donors' myriad often 5250f66f451Sopenharmony_cicontradictory pet projects with elaborate announcements and press releases. 5260f66f451Sopenharmony_ciLong ago when Nokia's Maemo merged 5270f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwith Intel's Moblin to form <a href=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press-release/linux-foundation-to-host-meego-project/>MeeGo</a>, there were believable <a href=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press-release/public-support-for-the-meego-project/>statements</a> 5280f66f451Sopenharmony_ciabout unifying fragmented vendor efforts. Then MeeGo merged with 5290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiMo_Foundation>LiMo</a> to 5300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=notes-2012.html#16-05-2012>form Tizen</a>, 5310f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich became a Samsung-only project (that <a href=https://www.androidheadlines.com/2021/05/samsung-tvs-continue-use-tizen-os.html>still ships</a> 5320f66f451Sopenharmony_ciinside <a href=https://twitter.com/cstross/status/1453747613686288385>televisions</a>, 5330f66f451Sopenharmony_cibut was otherwise subsumed into <a href=https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/18/22440483/samsung-smartwatch-google-wearos-tizen-watch>Android GO</a>).</p> 5340f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5350f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Along the way, the Tizen project expressed a desire to eliminate GPLv3 software 5360f66f451Sopenharmony_cifrom its core system, and in installing toybox as 5370f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://wiki.tizen.org/wiki/Toybox>part of this process</a>.</p> 5380f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>They had a fairly long list of new commands they wanted to see in toybox:</p> 5400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 5420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=tizen_cmd> 5430f66f451Sopenharmony_ciarch base64 users unexpand shred join csplit 5440f66f451Sopenharmony_cihostid nproc runcon sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum sha512sum sha3sum mkfs.vfat fsck.vfat 5450f66f451Sopenharmony_cidosfslabel uname pinky diff3 sdiff zcmp zdiff zegrep zfgrep zless zmore 5460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 5470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 5480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>In addition, they wanted to use several commands then in pending:</p> 5500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 5520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=tizen> 5530f66f451Sopenharmony_citar diff printf wget rsync fdisk vi less tr test stty fold expr dd 5540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 5550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 5560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5570f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Also, tizen uses a different Linux Security Module called SMACK, so 5580f66f451Sopenharmony_cimany of the SELinux options ala ls -Z needed smack alternatives in an 5590f66f451Sopenharmony_ciif/else setup. (We added lib/lsm.h to abstract this.)</p> 5600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5610f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 5620f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2><a name=yocto /><a href="#yocto">Use case: Yocto</a></h2> 5630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Another project the Linux Foundation is paid to appreciate is Yocto, 5650f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich was designed to fix the ongoing proprietary fragmentation problem 5660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(now in Linux build systems instead of vendor unix forks) by being the 5670f66f451Sopenharmony_cibuild system equivalent of a glue trap. While proclaiming that having the 5680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"minimum level of standardization" contributes to a "strong ecosystem", 5690f66f451Sopenharmony_ciYocto uses a "<a href=https://www.yoctoproject.org/software-overview/layers/>layered</a>" 5700f66f451Sopenharmony_cidesign where everybody who touches it is encouraged to add more and more layers 5710f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof metadata on top of what came before, until they wind up <a href=https://github.com/varigit/variscite-bsp-platform>using repo</a> just to manage 5720f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe layers (let alone their contents). But -- and this is the 5730f66f451Sopenharmony_ciimportant bit -- all these dispirate forks are called "yocto" and built on 5740f66f451Sopenharmony_citop of giant piles of code the Linux Foundation can take credit for 5750f66f451Sopenharmony_cisince they filed the serial numbers off OpenEmbedded.</p> 5760f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5770f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Yocto's "core-image-minimal" target (only 3,106 build steps in the 3.3 5780f66f451Sopenharmony_cirelease, which believe it or not is 5790f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://landley.net/notes-2019.html#06-02-2019>an improvement</a>) builds a busybox-based system with the following commands:</p> 5800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 5810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 5820f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=yocto_cmd> 5830f66f451Sopenharmony_ciaddgroup adduser ascii sh awk base32 basename blkid bunzip2 bzcat bzip2 cat 5840f66f451Sopenharmony_cichattr chgrp chmod chown chroot chvt clear cmp cp cpio crc32 cut date dc dd 5850f66f451Sopenharmony_cideallocvt delgroup deluser depmod df diff dirname dmesg dnsdomainname du 5860f66f451Sopenharmony_cidumpkmap dumpleases echo egrep env expr false fbset fdisk fgrep find flock 5870f66f451Sopenharmony_cifree fsck fstrim fuser getopt getty grep groups gunzip gzip head hexdump 5880f66f451Sopenharmony_cihostname hwclock id ifconfig ifdown ifup insmod ip kill killall klogd less 5890f66f451Sopenharmony_ciln loadfont loadkmap logger logname logread losetup ls lsmod lzcat md5sum 5900f66f451Sopenharmony_cimesg microcom mkdir mkfifo mknod mkswap mktemp modprobe more mount mountpoint 5910f66f451Sopenharmony_cimv nc netstat nohup nproc nslookup od openvt patch pgrep pidof pivot_root 5920f66f451Sopenharmony_ciprintf ps pwd rdate readlink realpath reboot renice reset resize rev rfkill 5930f66f451Sopenharmony_cirm rmdir rmmod route run-parts sed seq setconsole setsid sh sha1sum sha256sum 5940f66f451Sopenharmony_cishuf sleep sort start-stop-daemon stat strings stty sulogin swapoff swapon 5950f66f451Sopenharmony_ciswitch_root sync sysctl syslogd tail tar tee telnet test tftp time top touch 5960f66f451Sopenharmony_citr true ts tty udhcpc udhcpd umount uname uniq unlink unzip uptime users 5970f66f451Sopenharmony_ciusleep vi watch wc wget which who whoami xargs xzcat yes zcat 5980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 5990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 6000f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6030f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name="fhs" /> 6040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /><a href=fhs>Filesystem Hierachy Standard</a> 6050f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Filesystem Hierarchy Standard:</h2> 6060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Another standard taken over by the Linux Foundation. (At least the 6080f66f451Sopenharmony_cilinks to this one didn't <a href=http://lanana.org/>go 404</a> the 6090f66f451Sopenharmony_ciinstant they took it over). Of historical interest due to what it 6100f66f451Sopenharmony_cimanaged to achieve before they chased away the hobbyists maintaining it. 6110f66f451Sopenharmony_ciOnly one version (3.0 in 2015) has been released since the Linux Foundation 6120f66f451Sopenharmony_ciabsorbed the FHS. The previous release, Version 2.3, was released in 2004. 6130f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe Linux Foundation did not retain earlier versions. The contents of 6140f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe relevant sections appear identical between the two versions, the 6150f66f451Sopenharmony_ciLinux Foundation just added section numbers.</p> 6160f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6170f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p><a href=https://refspects.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs-3.0.html>FHS 3.0</a> 6180f66f451Sopenharmony_cisection 3.4.2 requires commands to be in the /bin directory, and then 3.4.3 6190f66f451Sopenharmony_cihas an optional list, 6200f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand then 3.16.2 and 3.16.3 similarly cover /sbin. There are linux 6210f66f451Sopenharmony_cispecific sections in 6.1.2 and 6.1.6 but everything in them is obsolete.</p> 6220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The /bin options include csh but not bash, and ed but not vi. 6240f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe /sbin options have update which seems obsolete (filesystem 6250f66f451Sopenharmony_cibuffers haven't needed a userspace process to flush them for DECADES), 6260f66f451Sopenharmony_cifastboot and fasthalt (reboot and halt have -nf), and 6270f66f451Sopenharmony_cifsck.* and mkfs.* that don't actually specify any specific filesystems. 6280f66f451Sopenharmony_ciRemoving that gives us:</p> 6290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 6310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=fhs_cmd> 6320f66f451Sopenharmony_cicat chgrp chmod chown cp date dd df dmesg echo false hostname kill ln 6330f66f451Sopenharmony_cilogin ls mkdir mknod more mount mv ps pwd rm rmdir sed sh stty su sync true 6340f66f451Sopenharmony_ciumount uname tar cpio gzip gunzip zcat netstat ping 6350f66f451Sopenharmony_cishutdown fdisk getty halt ifconfig init mkswap reboot route swapon swapoff 6360f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 6370f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 6380f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /><a name=buildroot /> 6400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>buildroot:</h2> 6410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>If a toybox-based development environment is to support running 6430f66f451Sopenharmony_cibuildroot under it, the <a href=https://buildroot.org/downloads/manual/manual.html#requirement-mandatory>mandatory packages</a> 6440f66f451Sopenharmony_cisection of the buildroot manual lists:</p> 6450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p><b> 6470f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich sed make bash patch gzip bzip2 tar cpio unzip rsync file bc wget 6480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></p></blockquote> 6490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>(It also lists binutils gcc g++ perl python, and for debian it wants 6510f66f451Sopenharmony_cibuild-essential. And it wants file to be in /usr/bin because 6520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://git.busybox.net/buildroot/tree/support/dependencies/dependencies.sh?h=2018.02.x#n84>libtool 6530f66f451Sopenharmony_cibreaks otherwise</a>.)</p> 6540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Oddly, buildroot can't NOT cross compile. Buildroot does not support a cross toolchain that lives in "/usr/bin" 6560f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwith a prefix of "" (if you try, and chop out the test for a blank prefix, 6570f66f451Sopenharmony_ciit dies trying to run "/usr/bin/-gcc"). You can patch your way to 6580f66f451Sopenharmony_cimaking it work if you try, but buildroot's developers explicitly do not 6590f66f451Sopenharmony_cisupport this.</p> 6600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6610f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /><a name=klibc /> 6620f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>klibc:</h2> 6630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Long ago some kernel developers came up with a project called 6650f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc>klibc</a>. 6660f66f451Sopenharmony_ciAfter a decade of development it still has no web page or HOWTO, 6670f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand nobody's quite sure if the license is BSD or GPL. It inexplicably 6680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://www.infoworld.com/d/data-center/perl-isnt-going-anywhere-better-or-worse-211580>requires perl to build</a>, and seems like an ideal candidate for 6690f66f451Sopenharmony_cireplacement.</p> 6700f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6710f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>In addition to a C library less general-purpose than bionic (let alone 6720f66f451Sopenharmony_cimusl), klibc builds a random assortment of executables to run init scripts 6730f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwith. There's no multiplexer command, these are individual executables:</p> 6740f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6750f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p><b> 6760f66f451Sopenharmony_cicat chroot cpio dd dmesg false fixdep fstype gunzip gzip halt ipconfig kill 6770f66f451Sopenharmony_cikinit ln losetup ls minips mkdir mkfifo mknodes 6780f66f451Sopenharmony_cimksyntax mount mv nfsmount nuke pivot_root poweroff readlink reboot resume 6790f66f451Sopenharmony_cirun-init sh sha1hash sleep sync true umount uname zcat 6800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></p></blockquote> 6810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6820f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>To get that list, build klibc according to the instructions (I 6830f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://landley.net/notes-2013.html#23-01-2013>looked at</a> version 6840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci2.0.2 and did cd klibc-*; ln -s /output/of/kernel/make/headers_install 6850f66f451Sopenharmony_cilinux; make) then <b>echo $(for i in $(find . -type f); do file $i | grep -q 6860f66f451Sopenharmony_ciexecutable && basename $i; done | grep -v '[.]g$' | sort -u)</b> to find 6870f66f451Sopenharmony_ciexecutables, then eliminate the *.so files and *.shared duplicates.</p> 6880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Some of those binaries are build-time tools that don't get installed, 6900f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich removes mknodes, mksyntax, sha1hash, and fixdep from the list. 6910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(And sha1hash is just an unpolished sha1sum anyway.)</p> 6920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The run-init command is more commonly called switch_root, nuke is just 6940f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"rm -rf -- $@", and minips is more commonly called "ps": I'm not doing aliases 6950f66f451Sopenharmony_cifor these oddball names. 6960f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe "kinit" command is another gratuitous rename, it's init running as PID 1. 6970f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe halt, poweroff, and reboot commands work with it.</p> 6980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 6990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Yet more stale forks of dash and gzip got sucked in here (see "dubious 7000f66f451Sopenharmony_cilicense terms" above). 7010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>In theory "blkid" or "file" handle fstype (and df for mounted filesystems), 7030f66f451Sopenharmony_cibut we could do fstype.</p> 7040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7050f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>We should implement nfsmount, and probably smbmount 7060f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand p9mount even though this hasn't got one. The reason these aren't 7070f66f451Sopenharmony_ciin the base "mount" command is they interactively query login credentials.</p> 7080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7090f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The ipconfig command here has a built in dhcp client, so it's ifconfig 7100f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand dhcpcd and maybe some other stuff.</p> 7110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The resume command is... weird. It finds a swap partition and reads data 7130f66f451Sopenharmony_cifrom it into a /proc file, something the kernel is capable of doing itself. 7140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(Even though the klibc author 7150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://www.zytor.com/pipermail/klibc/2006-June/001748.html>attempted 7160f66f451Sopenharmony_cito remove</a> that capability from the kernel, current kernel/power/hibernate.c 7170f66f451Sopenharmony_cistill parses "resume=" on the command line). And yet various distros seem to 7180f66f451Sopenharmony_cimake use of klibc for this. 7190f66f451Sopenharmony_ciGiven the history of swsusp/hibernate (and 7200f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/333007>TuxOnIce</a> 7210f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/242107>kexec jump</a>...) I've lost track 7220f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof the current state of the art here. Ah, Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt 7230f66f451Sopenharmony_cihas the API docs, and <a href=http://suspend.sf.net>here's a better 7240f66f451Sopenharmony_citool</a>...</p> 7250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This gives us a klibc command list:</p> 7270f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 7290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=klibc_cmd> 7300f66f451Sopenharmony_cicat chroot dmesg false kill ln losetup ls mkdir mkfifo readlink rm switch_root 7310f66f451Sopenharmony_cisleep sync true uname 7320f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7330f66f451Sopenharmony_cicpio dd ps mv pivot_root 7340f66f451Sopenharmony_cimount nfsmount fstype umount 7350f66f451Sopenharmony_cish gunzip gzip zcat 7360f66f451Sopenharmony_cikinit halt poweroff reboot 7370f66f451Sopenharmony_ciipconfig 7380f66f451Sopenharmony_ciresume 7390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 7400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 7410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 7430f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=glibc /> 7440f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>glibc</h2> 7450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Rather a lot of command line utilities come bundled with glibc:</p> 7470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 7490f66f451Sopenharmony_cicatchsegv getconf getent iconv iconvconfig ldconfig ldd locale localedef 7500f66f451Sopenharmony_cimtrace nscd rpcent rpcinfo tzselect zdump zic 7510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 7520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7530f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Of those, musl libc only implements ldd. Of the rest:</p> 7540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 7560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>catchsegv</b> is a rudimentary debugger, probably out of scope for toybox.</li> 7570f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>iconv</b> has been <a href="#susv4">previously discussed</a>.</li> 7580f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>iconvconfig</b> is only relevant if iconv is user-configurable; musl uses a 7590f66f451Sopenharmony_cinon-configurable iconv.</li> 7600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>getconf</b> is a posix utility which displays several variables from 7610f66f451Sopenharmony_ciunistd.h; it probably belongs in the development toolchain.</li> 7620f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>getent</b> handles retrieving entries from passwd-style databases 7630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(in a rather lame way) and is trivially replacable by grep.</li> 7640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>locale</b> was discussed under <a href=#susv4>posix</a>. 7650f66f451Sopenharmony_cilocaledef compiles locale definitions, which musl currently does not use.</li> 7660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>mtrace</b> is a perl script to use the malloc debugging that glibc has built-in; 7670f66f451Sopenharmony_cithis is not relevant for musl, and would necessarily vary with libc.</li> 7680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>nscd</b> is a name service caching daemon, which is not yet relevant for musl.</li> 7690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>rpcinfo</b> and <b>rpcent</b> are related to the Remote Procedure Calls 7700f66f451Sopenharmony_cilayer (an old sun technology used by some userspace NFS implementations), 7710f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich musl does not include and debian does not install by default.</li> 7720f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</ul> 7730f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7740f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The remaining commands involve glibc's bundled timezone database, 7750f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich seems to be derived from the <a href=http://www.iana.org/time-zones>IANA 7760f66f451Sopenharmony_citimezone database</a>. Unless we want to maintain our own fork of the 7770f66f451Sopenharmony_cistandards body's database like glibc does, these are of no interest, 7780f66f451Sopenharmony_cibut for completeness:</p> 7790f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 7810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>tzselect</b> outputs a TZ variable correponding to user input. 7820f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe documentation does not indicate how to use it in a script, but it seems 7830f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat Debian may have done so.</li> 7840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>zdump</b> prints current time in each of several timezones, optionally 7850f66f451Sopenharmony_cioutputting a great deal of extra information about each timezone.</li> 7860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>zic</b> converts a description of a timezone to a file in tz format.</li> 7870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</ul> 7880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>We implemented getconf, and I could see maybe arguing for ncsd. 7900f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe rest are not relevant to toybox.</p> 7910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 7930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7940f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 7950f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=sash /> 7960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Stand-Alone Shell</h2> 7970f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 7980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Wikipedia has <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_shell>a good 7990f66f451Sopenharmony_cisummary of sash</a>, with links. The original Stand-Alone Shell project reached 8000f66f451Sopenharmony_cia stopping point, and then <a href=http://www.baiti.net/sash>"sash plus 8010f66f451Sopenharmony_cipatches"</a> extended it a bit further. The result is a megabyte executable 8020f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat provides 40 commands.</p> 8030f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Sash is a shell with built-in commands. It doesn't have a multiplexer 8050f66f451Sopenharmony_cicommand, meaning "sash ls -l" doesn't work (you have to go "sash -c 'ls -l'"). 8060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p> 8070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The list of commands can be obtained via building it and doing 8090f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"echo help | ./sash | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/^-//' | xargs echo", which 8100f66f451Sopenharmony_cigives us:</p> 8110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 8130f66f451Sopenharmony_cialias aliasall ar cd chattr chgrp chmod chown cmp cp chroot dd echo ed exec 8140f66f451Sopenharmony_ciexit file find grep gunzip gzip help kill losetup losetup ln ls lsattr mkdir 8150f66f451Sopenharmony_cimknod more mount mv pivot_root printenv prompt pwd quit rm rmdir setenv source 8160f66f451Sopenharmony_cisum sync tar touch umask umount unalias where 8170f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 8180f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8190f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Plus sh because it's a shell. A dozen or so commands can only sanely be 8200f66f451Sopenharmony_ciimplemented as shell builtins (alias aliasall cd exec exit prompt quit setenv 8210f66f451Sopenharmony_cisource umask unalias), where is an alias for which, and at triage time toybox 8220f66f451Sopenharmony_cialready has chgrp, chmod, chown, cmp, cp, chroot, echo, help, kill, losetup, 8230f66f451Sopenharmony_ciln, ls, mkdir, mknod, printenv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sync, and touch.</p> 8240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This leaves:</p> 8260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8270f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 8280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=sash_cmd> 8290f66f451Sopenharmony_ciar chattr dd ed file find grep gunzip gzip lsattr more mount mv pivot_root 8300f66f451Sopenharmony_cish tar umount 8310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 8320f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 8330f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8340f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>(For once, this project doesn't include a fork of gzip, instead 8350f66f451Sopenharmony_ciit sucks in -lz from the host.)</p> 8360f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8370f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 8380f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=sbase /> 8390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>sbase:</h2> 8400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>It's <a href=http://git.suckless.org/sbase>on suckless</a> in 8420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://git.suckless.org/ubase>two parts</a>. As of November 2015 it's 8430f66f451Sopenharmony_ciimplemented the following (renaming "cron" to "crond" for 8440f66f451Sopenharmony_ciconsistency, and yanking "sponge", "mesg", "pagesize", "respawn", and 8450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"vtallow"):</p> 8460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p> 8480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=sbase_cmd> 8490f66f451Sopenharmony_cibasename cal cat chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum cmp comm cp crond cut date 8500f66f451Sopenharmony_cidirname du echo env expand expr false find flock fold getconf grep head 8510f66f451Sopenharmony_cihostname join kill link ln logger logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mktemp mv 8520f66f451Sopenharmony_cinice nl nohup od paste printenv printf pwd readlink renice rm rmdir sed seq 8530f66f451Sopenharmony_cisetsid sha1sum sha256sum sha512sum sleep sort split strings sync tail 8540f66f451Sopenharmony_citar tee test tftp time touch tr true tty uname unexpand uniq unlink uudecode 8550f66f451Sopenharmony_ciuuencode wc which xargs yes 8560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 8570f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></blockquote> 8580f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8590f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>and<p> 8600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8610f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p> 8620f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=sbase_cmd> 8630f66f451Sopenharmony_cichvt clear dd df dmesg eject fallocate free id login mknod mountpoint 8640f66f451Sopenharmony_cipasswd pidof ps stat su truncate unshare uptime watch 8650f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwho 8660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 8670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></blockquote> 8680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 8700f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=nash /> 8710f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>nash:</h2> 8720f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8730f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Red Hat's nash was part of its "mkinitrd" package, replacement for a shell 8740f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand utilities on the boot floppy back in the 1990's (the same general idea 8750f66f451Sopenharmony_cias BusyBox, developed independently). Red Hat discontinued nash development 8760f66f451Sopenharmony_ciin 2010, replacing it with dracut (which collects together existing packages, 8770f66f451Sopenharmony_ciincluding busybox).</p> 8780f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8790f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>I couldn't figure out how to beat source code out of 8800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/git/mkinitrd>Fedora's current git</a> 8810f66f451Sopenharmony_cirepository. The last release version that used it was Fedora Core 12 8820f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich has <a href=http://archive.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/12/Fedora/source/SRPMS/mkinitrd-6.0.93-1.fc12.src.rpm>a source rpm</a> 8830f66f451Sopenharmony_cithat can be unwound with "rpm2cpio mkinitrd.src.rpm | cpio -i -d -H newc 8840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci--no-absolute-filenames" and in there is a mkinitrd-6.0.93.tar.bz2 which 8850f66f451Sopenharmony_cihas the source.</p> 8860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>In addition to being a bit like a command shell, the nash man page lists the 8880f66f451Sopenharmony_cifollowing commands:</p> 8890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8900f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p> 8910f66f451Sopenharmony_ciaccess echo find losetup mkdevices mkdir mknod mkdmnod mkrootdev mount 8920f66f451Sopenharmony_cipivot_root readlink raidautorun setquiet showlabels sleep switchroot umount 8930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></blockquote> 8940f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8950f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Oddly, the only occurrence of the string pivot_root in the nash source code 8960f66f451Sopenharmony_ciis in the man page, the command isn't there. (It seems to have been removed 8970f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhen the underscoreless switchroot went in.)</p> 8980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 8990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>A more complete list seems to be the handlers[] array in nash.c:</p> 9000f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p> 9020f66f451Sopenharmony_ciaccess buildEnv cat cond cp daemonize dm echo exec exit find kernelopt 9030f66f451Sopenharmony_ciloadDrivers loadpolicy mkchardevs mkblktab mkblkdevs mkdir mkdmnod mknod 9040f66f451Sopenharmony_cimkrootdev mount netname network null plymouth hotplug killplug losetup 9050f66f451Sopenharmony_ciln ls raidautorun readlink resume resolveDevice rmparts setDeviceEnv 9060f66f451Sopenharmony_cisetquiet setuproot showelfinterp showlabels sleep stabilized status switchroot 9070f66f451Sopenharmony_ciumount waitdev 9080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></blockquote> 9090f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9100f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This list is nuts: "plymouth" is an alias for "null" which is basically 9110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"true" (which thie above list doesn't have). Things like buildEnv and 9120f66f451Sopenharmony_ciloadDrivers are bespoke Red Hat behavior that might as well be hardwired in 9130f66f451Sopenharmony_cito nash's main() without being called.</p> 9140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Instead of eliminating items 9160f66f451Sopenharmony_cifrom the list with an explanation for each, I'm just going to cherry pick 9170f66f451Sopenharmony_cia few: the device mapper (dm, raidautorun) is probably interesting, 9180f66f451Sopenharmony_cihotplug (may be obsolete due to kernel changes that now load firmware 9190f66f451Sopenharmony_cidirectly), and another "resume" ala klibc.</p> 9200f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9210f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>But mostly: I don't care about this one. And neither does Red Hat anymore.</p> 9220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Verdict: ignore</p> 9240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 9260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=beastiebox /> 9270f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Beastiebox</h2> 9280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Back in 2008, the BSD guys vented some busybox-envy 9300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://beastiebox.sourceforge.net>on sourceforge</a>. Then stopped. 9310f66f451Sopenharmony_ciTheir repository is still in CVS, hasn't been touched in years, it's a giant 9320f66f451Sopenharmony_cihairball of existing code sucked together. (The web page says the author 9330f66f451Sopenharmony_ciis aware of crunchgen, but decided to do this by hand anyway. This is not 9340f66f451Sopenharmony_cia collection of new code, it's a katamari of existing code rolled up in a 9350f66f451Sopenharmony_ciball.)</p> 9360f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9370f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Combining the set of commands listed on the web page with the set of 9380f66f451Sopenharmony_ciman pages in the source gives us:</P> 9390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p> 9410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[ cat chmod cp csh date df disklabel dmesg echo ex fdisk fsck fsck_ffs getty 9420f66f451Sopenharmony_cihalt hostname ifconfig init kill less lesskey ln login ls lv mksh more mount 9430f66f451Sopenharmony_cimount_ffs mv pfctl ping poweroff ps reboot rm route sed sh stty sysctl tar test 9440f66f451Sopenharmony_citraceroute umount vi wiconfig 9450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></blockquote> 9460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Apparently lv is the missing link between ed and vi, copyright 1982-1997 (do 9480f66f451Sopenharmony_cinot want), ex is another obsolete vi mode, lesskey is "used to 9490f66f451Sopenharmony_cispecify a set of key bindings to be used with less", and csh is a shell they 9500f66f451Sopenharmony_cisucked in (even though they have mksh?), [ is an alias for test. Several more bsd-isms that don't have Linux 9510f66f451Sopenharmony_ciequivalents (even in the ubuntu "install this package" search) are 9520f66f451Sopenharmony_cidisklabel, fsck_ffs, mount_ffs, and pfctl. And wiconfig is a 9530f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwavelan interface network card driver utility. Subtracting all that and the 9540f66f451Sopenharmony_cicommands toybox already implements at triage time, we get:</p> 9550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><p> 9570f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=beastiebox_cmd> 9580f66f451Sopenharmony_cifdisk fsck getty halt ifconfig init kill less more mount mv ping poweroff 9590f66f451Sopenharmony_cips reboot route sed sh stty sysctl tar test traceroute umount vi 9600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 9610f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></blockquote> 9620f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Not a hugely interesting list, but eh.</p> 9640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9650f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Verdict: ignore</p> 9660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 9680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=BsdBox /> 9690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>BsdBox</h2> 9700f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9710f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Somebody decided to do a <a href=https://wiki.freebsd.org/AdrianChadd/BsdBox>multicall binary for freebsd</a>.</p> 9720f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9730f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>They based it on crunchgen, a tool that glues existing programs together 9740f66f451Sopenharmony_ciinto an archive and uses the name to execute the right one. It has no 9750f66f451Sopenharmony_cisimplification or code sharing benefits whatsoever, it's basically an 9760f66f451Sopenharmony_ciarchiver that produces executables.</p> 9770f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9780f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>That's about where I stopped reading.</p> 9790f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Verdict: ignore.</p> 9810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9820f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 9830f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=slowaris /> 9840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>OpenSolaris Busybox</h2> 9850f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Somebody <a href=http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Project+busybox/>wrote 9870f66f451Sopenharmony_cia wiki page</a> saying that Busybox for OpenSolaris would be a good idea.</p> 9880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The corresponding "files" tab is an auto-generated stub. The project never 9900f66f451Sopenharmony_cieven got as far as suggesting commands to include before Oracle discontinued 9910f66f451Sopenharmony_ciOpenSolaris.</p> 9920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Verdict: ignore.</p> 9940f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9950f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 9960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=uclinux /> 9970f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>uClinux</h2> 9980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 9990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Long ago a hardware developer named Jeff Dionne put together a 10000f66f451Sopenharmony_cinommu Linux distribution, which involved rewriting a lot of command line 10010f66f451Sopenharmony_ciutilities that relied on <a href=http://nommu.org/memory-faq.txt>features 10020f66f451Sopenharmony_ciunavailable on nommu</a> hardware.</p> 10030f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>In 2003 Jeff moved to Japan and handed 10050f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe project off to people who allowed it to roll to a stop. The website 10060f66f451Sopenharmony_citurned into a mess of 404 links, the navigation indexes stopped being 10070f66f451Sopenharmony_ciupdated over a decade ago, and the project's CVS repository suffered a 10080f66f451Sopenharmony_cihard drive failure for which there were no backups. The project continued 10090f66f451Sopenharmony_cito put out "releases" through 2014 (you have to scroll down in the "news" 10100f66f451Sopenharmony_cisection to find them, the "HTTP download" section in the nav bar on the 10110f66f451Sopenharmony_cileft hasn't been updated in over a decade), which were hand-updated tarball 10120f66f451Sopenharmony_cisnapshots mostly consisting of software from the 1990's. For example the 10130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci2014 release still contained ipfwadm, the package which predated ipchains, 10140f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwhich predated iptables, which is in the process of being replaced by 10150f66f451Sopenharmony_cinftables.</p> 10160f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10170f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Nevertheless, people still try to use this because (at least until the 10180f66f451Sopenharmony_cilaunch of <a href=http://nommu.org>nommu.org</a>) the project was viewed 10190f66f451Sopenharmony_cias the place to discuss, develop, and learn about nommu Linux. 10200f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThe role of uclinux.org as an educational resource kept people coming 10210f66f451Sopenharmony_cito it long after it had collapsed as a Linux distro.</p> 10220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Starting around 0.6.0 toybox began to address nommu support with the goal 10240f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof putting uClinux out of its misery.</p> 10250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>An analysis of <a href=http://www.uclinux.org/pub/uClinux/dist/uClinux-dist-20140504.tar.bz2>uClinux-dist-20140504</a> found 312 package 10270f66f451Sopenharmony_cisubdirectories under "user".</p> 10280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Taking out the trash</h3> 10300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>A bunch of packages (<b>inotify-tools, input-event-demon, ipsec-tools, netifd, 10320f66f451Sopenharmony_cikeepalived, mobile-broadband-provider-info, nuttp, readline, snort, 10330f66f451Sopenharmony_cisnort-barnyard, socat, sqlite, sysklogd, sysstat, tcl, ubus, uci, udev, 10340f66f451Sopenharmony_ciunionfs, uqmi, usb_modeswitch, usbutils, util-linux</b>) 10350f66f451Sopenharmony_ciare hard to evaluate because 10360f66f451Sopenharmony_ciuclinux has directories for them, but their source isn't actually in the 10370f66f451Sopenharmony_ciuclinux tree. In some of these the makefiles download a git repo during 10380f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe build, so I'm assuming you can build the external package if you really 10390f66f451Sopenharmony_cicare. (Even when I know what these packages do, I'm skipping them 10400f66f451Sopenharmony_cibecause uclinux doesn't actually contain them, and any given snapshot 10410f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof the build system will bitrot as external web links change over time.)</p> 10420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10430f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Other packages are orphaned, meaning they're not mentioned from any Kconfig 10440f66f451Sopenharmony_cior Makefiles outside of their directory, so uclinux can't actually build 10450f66f451Sopenharmony_cithem: <b>mbus</b> is an orphaned i2c test program expecting to run in some sort 10460f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof hardwired hardware context, <b>mkeccbin</b> is an orphaned "ECC annotated 10470f66f451Sopenharmony_cibinary file" generator (meaning it's half of a flash writer), 10480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<b>wsc_upnp</b> is a "Ralink WPS" driver (some sort of stale wifi chip)...</p> 10490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The majority of the remaining packages are probably not of interest to 10510f66f451Sopenharmony_citoybox due to being so obsolete or special purpose they may not actually be 10520f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof interest to anybody anymore. (This list also includes a lot of 10530f66f451Sopenharmony_cispecial-purpose network back-end stuff that's hard for anybody but 10540f66f451Sopenharmony_cidatacenter admins to evaluate the current relevance of.)</p> 10550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b><p> 10570f66f451Sopenharmony_ciarj asterisk boottools bpalogin br2684ctl camserv can4linux cgi_generic 10580f66f451Sopenharmony_cicgihtml clamav clamsmtp conntrack-tools cramfs crypto-tools cxxtest 10590f66f451Sopenharmony_ciddns3-client de2ts-cal debug demo diald discard dnsmasq dnsmasq2 10600f66f451Sopenharmony_ciethattach expat-examples ez-ipupdate fakeidentd 10610f66f451Sopenharmony_cifconfig ferret flatfs flthdr freeradius freeswan frob-led frox fswcert 10620f66f451Sopenharmony_cigame gettyd gnugk haserl horch 10630f66f451Sopenharmony_cihostap hping httptunnel ifattach ipchains 10640f66f451Sopenharmony_ciipfwadm ipmasqadm ipportfw ipredir ipset iso_client 10650f66f451Sopenharmony_cijamvm jffs-tools jpegview jquery-ui kendin-config kismet klaxon kmod 10660f66f451Sopenharmony_cil2tpd lcd ledcmd ledcon lha lilo lirc lissa load loattach 10670f66f451Sopenharmony_cilpr lrpstat lrzsz mail mbus mgetty microwin ModemManager msntp musicbox 10680f66f451Sopenharmony_cinooom null openswan openvpn palmbot pam_* pcmcia-cs playrt plugdaemon pop3proxy 10690f66f451Sopenharmony_cipotrace qspitest quagga radauth 10700f66f451Sopenharmony_ciramimage readprofile rdate readprofile routed rrdtool rtc-ds1302 10710f66f451Sopenharmony_cisendip ser sethdlc setmac setserial sgutool sigs siproxd slattach 10720f66f451Sopenharmony_cismtpclient snmpd net-snmp snortrules speedtouch squashfs scep sslwrap stp 10730f66f451Sopenharmony_cistunnel tcpblast tcpdump tcpwrappers threaddemos tinylogin tinyproxy 10740f66f451Sopenharmony_citpt tripwire unrar unzoo version vpnled w3cam xl2tpd zebra 10750f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></b></blockquote> 10760f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 10770f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This stuff is all over the place: arj, lha, rar, and zoo are DOS archivers, 10780f66f451Sopenharmony_ciethattach describes itself as just "a network tool", 10790f66f451Sopenharmony_cimail is a textmode smtp mailer literally described as "Some kind of mail 10800f66f451Sopenharmony_ciproggy" in uclinux's kconfig (as opposed to clamsmtp and smtpclient and 10810f66f451Sopenharmony_ciso on), this gettyd isn't a generic version but specifically a 10820f66f451Sopenharmony_cihardwired ppp dialin utility, mgetty isn't a generic version but is combined 10830f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwith "sendfax", hostap is an intersil prism driver, wlan-ng is also an 10840f66f451Sopenharmony_ciintersil prism dirver, null is a program to intentionally dereference a 10850f66f451Sopenharmony_cinull pointer (in case you needed one), iso_client is a 10860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"Demo Application for the USB Device Driver", kendin-config is 10870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"for configuring the Micrel Kendin KS8995M over QSPI", speedtouch configures 10880f66f451Sopenharmony_cia specific brand of asdl modem, portmap is part of Anfs, 10890f66f451Sopenharmony_ciferret, linux-igd, and miniupnp are all upnp packages, 10900f66f451Sopenharmony_cilanbypass "can be used to control the LAN 10910f66f451Sopenharmony_cibypass switches on the Advantech x86 based hardware platforms", lcd is 10920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"test of lcddma device driver" (an out-of-tree Coldfire driver apparently 10930f66f451Sopenharmony_cilost to history, the uclinux linux-2.4.x directory has a config symbol for 10940f66f451Sopenharmony_ciit, but nothing in the code actually _uses_ it...), qspitest is another 10950f66f451Sopenharmony_cicoldfire thing, mii-tool-fec is 10960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci"strictly for the FEC Ethernet driver as implemented (and modified) for 10970f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe uCdimm5272", rtc-ds1302 and rtc-m41t11 are usermode drivers for specific 10980f66f451Sopenharmony_ciclock chips, stunnel is basically "openssl s_client -quiet -connect", 10990f66f451Sopenharmony_cipotrace is a bitmap to vector graphic converter, radauth performs command line 11000f66f451Sopenharmony_ciauthentication against a radius server, 11010f66f451Sopenharmony_ciclamav, klaxon, ferret, l7-protocols, and nessus are very old network security 11020f66f451Sopenharmony_cisoftware (it's got a stale snapshot of nmap too), xl2tpd is a PPP over UDP 11030f66f451Sopenharmony_citunnel (rfc 2661), zebra is the package quagga replaced, 11040f66f451Sopenharmony_cililo is the x86-only bootloader that predated grub (and recently discontinued 11050f66f451Sopenharmony_cidevelopment), lissa is a "framebuffer graphics demo" from 11060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci1998, the squashfs package here is the out of tree patches for 2.4 kernels 11070f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand such before the filesystem was merged upstream (as opposed to the 11080f66f451Sopenharmony_cisquashfs-new package which is a snapshot of the userspace tool from 2011), 11090f66f451Sopenharmony_ciload is basically "dd file /dev/spi", version is basically "cat /proc/version", 11100f66f451Sopenharmony_cimicrowin is a port of the WinCE graphics API to Linux, scep is a 2003 11110f66f451Sopenharmony_ciimplementation of an IETF draft abandoned in 2010, tpt depends on 11120f66f451Sopenharmony_ciAndrew Morton's 15 year old unmerged "timepegs" kernel patch using the pentium 11130f66f451Sopenharmony_cicycle counter, vpnled controls a light that reboots systems (what?), 11140f66f451Sopenharmony_ciw3cam is a video4linux 1.0 client (v4l2 showed up during 2.5 and support for 11150f66f451Sopenharmony_cithe old v4l1 was removed in 2.6.38 back in 2011), busybox ate tinylogin 11160f66f451Sopenharmony_ciover a decade ago, lrpstat is a java network monitor 11170f66f451Sopenharmony_cifrom 2001, lrzsz is zmodem/ymodem/zmodem, msntp and stp implement rfc2030 11180f66f451Sopenharmony_cimeaning it overflows in 2036 (the package was last updated in 2000), rdate 11190f66f451Sopenharmony_ciis rfc 868 meaning it also overflows in 2036 (which is why ntp was invented 11200f66f451Sopenharmony_cia few decades back), reiserfsprogs development stopped abruptly after 11210f66f451Sopenharmony_ciHans Reiser was convicted of murdering his wife Nina (denying it on the 11220f66f451Sopenharmony_cistand and then leading them to the body as part of his plea bargain during 11230f66f451Sopenharmony_cisentencing)... 11240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p> 11250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Seriously, there's a lot of crap in there. It's hard to analyze most 11270f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof it far enough to prove it _doesn't_ do anything.</p> 11280f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11290f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Non-toybox programs</h3> 11300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The following software may actually still do something intelligible 11320f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(although the package versions tend to be years out of date), but 11330f66f451Sopenharmony_ciit's not a direction toybox has chosen to go in.</p> 11340f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11350f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>There are several programming languages (<b>bash, lua, jamvm, tinytcl, 11360f66f451Sopenharmony_ciperl, python</b>) in there. Maybe someone somewhere wants a 2008 release of a 11370f66f451Sopenharmony_cijava virtual machine tested to work on nommu systems (jamvm), but it's out 11380f66f451Sopenharmony_ciof scope for toybox.</p> 11390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>A bunch of benchmark programs: <b>cpu, dhrystone, mathtest, nbench, netperf, 11410f66f451Sopenharmony_cinetpipe, and whetstone</b>.</p> 11420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11430f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>A bunch of web servers: <b>appWeb, boa, fnord (via tcpserver), goahead, httpd, 11440f66f451Sopenharmony_cimini_httpd, and thttpd</b>.</p> 11450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>A bunch of shells: <b>msh</b> is a clever (I.E. obfuscated) little shell, 11470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<b>nwsh</b> is "new shell" (that's what it called itself in 1999 anyway), 11480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<b>sash</b> is another shell with a bunch of builtins (ls, ps, df, cp, date, reboot, 11490f66f451Sopenharmony_ciand shutdown, this roadmap analyzes it <a href="#sash">elsewhere</a>), 11500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<b>sh</b> is a very old minix shell fork, and <b>tcsh</b> is also a shell.</p> 11510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Also in this category, we have:</p> 11530f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b><p> 11550f66f451Sopenharmony_cidropbear jffs-tools jpegview kexec-tools bind ctorrent 11560f66f451Sopenharmony_ciiperf iproute2 ip-sentinel iptables kexec 11570f66f451Sopenharmony_cinmap oggplay openssl oprofile p7zip pppd pptp play vplay 11580f66f451Sopenharmony_cihdparm mp3play at clock 11590f66f451Sopenharmony_cimtd-utils mysql logrotate brcfg bridge-utils flashw 11600f66f451Sopenharmony_ciebtables etherwake ethtool expect gdb gdbserver hostapd 11610f66f451Sopenharmony_cilm_sensors load netflash netstat-nat 11620f66f451Sopenharmony_ciradvd recover rootloader resolveip rp-pppoe 11630f66f451Sopenharmony_cirsyslog rsyslogd samba smbmount squashfs-new squid ssh strace tip 11640f66f451Sopenharmony_ciuboot-envtools ulogd usbhubctrl vconfig vixie-cron watchdogd 11650f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwireless_tools wpa_supplicant 11660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></b></blockquote> 11670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>An awful lot of those are borderline: play and vplay are wav file 11690f66f451Sopenharmony_ciaudio players, there's oprofile _and_ readprofile (which just reads kernel 11700f66f451Sopenharmony_ciprofiling data from /proc/profile), 11710f66f451Sopenharmony_ciradvd is a "routr advertisement daemon" (ipv6 stateless autoconf), 11720f66f451Sopenharmony_cictorrent is a bittorent client, 11730f66f451Sopenharmony_cilm_sensors is hardware (heat?) monitoring, 11740f66f451Sopenharmony_ciresolveip is dig only less so, 11750f66f451Sopenharmony_cirp-pppoe is ppp over ethernet, 11760f66f451Sopenharmony_ciebtables is an ethernet version of iptables (for bridging), 11770f66f451Sopenharmony_citheir dropbear is from 2012, and that ssh version is from 2011 11780f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(which means it's about nine months too _old_ to have the heartbleed bug). 11790f66f451Sopenharmony_ciThere's both ulogd and ulogd2 (no idea why), and pppd is version 2.4 but 11800f66f451Sopenharmony_cithere's a ppd-2.3 directory also.</p> 11810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11820f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Lots of flash stuff: 11830f66f451Sopenharmony_ciflashw is a flash writer, load is an spi flash loader, netflash writes 11840f66f451Sopenharmony_cito flash via tftp, 11850f66f451Sopenharmony_cirecover is also a reflash daemon intended to come up when the system can't boot, 11860f66f451Sopenharmony_cirootloader seems to be another reflash daemon but without dhcp.</p> 11870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Already in roadmap</h3> 11890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11900f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The following packages contain commands already in the toybox roadmap:</p> 11910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 11920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b><p> 11930f66f451Sopenharmony_ciagetty cal cksum cron dhcpcd dhcpcd-new dhcpd dhcp-isc dosfstools e2fsprogs 11940f66f451Sopenharmony_cielvis-tiny levee fdisk fileutils ftp ftpd grep hd hwclock inetd init ntp 11950f66f451Sopenharmony_ciiputils login module-init-tools netcat shutils ntpdate lspci ping procps 11960f66f451Sopenharmony_ciproftpd rsync shadow shutils stty sysutils telnet telnetd tftp tftpd traceroute 11970f66f451Sopenharmony_ciunzip wget mawk net-tools 11980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</p></b></blockquote> 11990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12000f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>There are some duplicates in there, levee is a tiny vi implementation 12010f66f451Sopenharmony_cilike elvis-tiny, ntp and ntpdate overlap, etc.</p> 12020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12030f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Verdict: We don't really need to do a whole lot special for nommu 12040f66f451Sopenharmony_cisystems, just get the existing toybox roadmap working on nommu and 12050f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwe're good. The uClinux project can rest in peace.</p> 12060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 12080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Requests:</h2> 12090f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12100f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The following additional commands have been requested (and often submitted) 12110f66f451Sopenharmony_ciby various users. I _really_ need to clean up this section.</p> 12120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Also:</p> 12140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<blockquote><b> 12150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<span id=request> 12160f66f451Sopenharmony_cidig freeramdisk getty halt hexdump hwclock klogd modprobe ping ping6 pivot_root 12170f66f451Sopenharmony_cipoweroff readahead rev sfdisk sudo syslogd taskset telnet telnetd tracepath 12180f66f451Sopenharmony_citraceroute unzip usleep vconfig zip free login modinfo unshare netcat help w 12190f66f451Sopenharmony_ciiwconfig iwlist rdate 12200f66f451Sopenharmony_cidos2unix unix2dos catv clear 12210f66f451Sopenharmony_cipmap realpath setsid timeout truncate 12220f66f451Sopenharmony_cimkswap swapon swapoff 12230f66f451Sopenharmony_cicount oneit fstype 12240f66f451Sopenharmony_ciacpi blkid eject pwdx 12250f66f451Sopenharmony_cisulogin rfkill bootchartd 12260f66f451Sopenharmony_ciarp makedevs sysctl killall5 crond crontab deluser last mkpasswd watch 12270f66f451Sopenharmony_ciblockdev rpm2cpio arping brctl dumpleases fsck 12280f66f451Sopenharmony_citcpsvd tftpd 12290f66f451Sopenharmony_cifactor fallocate fsfreeze inotifyd lspci nbd-client partprobe strings 12300f66f451Sopenharmony_cibase32 base64 mix 12310f66f451Sopenharmony_cireset hexedit nsenter shred 12320f66f451Sopenharmony_cifsync insmod ionice lsmod lsusb rmmod vmstat xxd top iotop 12330f66f451Sopenharmony_cilsof ionice compress dhcp dhcpd addgroup delgroup host iconv ip 12340f66f451Sopenharmony_ciipcrm ipcs netstat openvt 12350f66f451Sopenharmony_cideallocvt iorenice 12360f66f451Sopenharmony_ciudpsvd adduser 12370f66f451Sopenharmony_cimicrocom tunctl chrt getfattr setfattr 12380f66f451Sopenharmony_cikexec 12390f66f451Sopenharmony_ciascii crc32 devmem fmt i2cdetect i2cdump i2cget i2cset mcookie prlimit sntp ulimit uuidgen dhcp6 ipaddr iplink iproute iprule iptunnel cd exit toysh bash traceroute6 12400f66f451Sopenharmony_ciblkdiscard rtcwake 12410f66f451Sopenharmony_ciwatchdog 12420f66f451Sopenharmony_cipwgen readelf unicode 12430f66f451Sopenharmony_cirsync 12440f66f451Sopenharmony_cilinux32 hd strace 12450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 12460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</b></blockquote> 12470f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12480f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<hr /> 12490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a name=packages /> 12500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h2>Other packages</h2> 12510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>System administrators have <a href=https://github.com/landley/toybox/issues/168#issuecomment-583725500>asked</a> what other Linux packages toybox commands 12530f66f451Sopenharmony_cireplace, so they can annotate alternatives in their package management system.</p> 12540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>This section uses the package definitions from Chapter 6 of 12560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/downloads/9.0/LFS-BOOK-9.0-NOCHUNKS.html>Linux From Scratch 9.0</a>). Each package lists what we currently 12570f66f451Sopenharmony_cireplace, pending commands [in square brackets], and what we DON'T plan to 12580f66f451Sopenharmony_ciimplement.</p> 12590f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Each "see also" note means the listed package also installs the listed shared 12610f66f451Sopenharmony_cilibraries. (While toybox contains equivalent functionality to a lot of these 12620f66f451Sopenharmony_cishared libraries in its lib/ directory, it does not currently provide a shared 12630f66f451Sopenharmony_cilibrary interface.)</p> 12640f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 12650f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Packages toybox plans to provide complete-ish replacents for:</h3> 12660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 12670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>file</b>: file (see also: libmagic)</li> 12680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>m4</b>: [m4]</li> 12690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>bc</b>: [bc] [dc]</li> 12700f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>bison</b>: [yacc] (not: bison, see also: liby)</li> 12710f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>flex</b>: [lex] (not: flex flex++, see also: libfl)</li> 12720f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>make</b>: [make]</li> 12730f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>sed</b>: sed</li> 12740f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>grep</b>: grep egrep fgrep</li> 12750f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>bash</b>: bash sh (not: bashbug)</li> 12760f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>diffutils</b>: cmp [diff] [diff3] [sdiff]</li> 12770f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gawk</b>: [awk] (not: gawk gawk-5.0.1)</li> 12780f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>findutils</b>: find xargs (not: locate updatedb)</li> 12790f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>less</b>: less (not: lessecho lesskey)</li> 12800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gzip</b>: zcat [gzip] [gunzip] [zcmp] [zdiff] [zegrep] [zfgrep] [zgrep] [zless] [zmore] 12810f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: gzexe uncompress zforce znew)</li> 12820f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>make</b>: [make]</li> 12830f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>patch</b>: patch</li> 12840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>tar</b>: tar</li> 12850f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>procps-ng</b>: free pgrep pidof pkill ps sysctl top uptime vmstat w watch 12860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[pmap] [pwdx] [slabtop] 12870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: tload, see also libprocps)</li> 12880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>sysklogd</b>: [klogd] [syslogd]</li> 12890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>sysvinit</b>: [init] halt poweroff reboot killall5 [shutdown] 12900f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not telinit runlevel fstab-decode bootlogd)</li> 12910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>man</b>: man (but not accessdb apropos catman lexgrog mandb manpath whatis, 12920f66f451Sopenharmony_cisee also libman libmandb)</li> 12930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>vim</b>: vi xxd (but not ex, rview, rvim, view, vim, vimdiff, vimtutor)</li> 12940f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>sysvinit</b>: [init] halt poweroff reboot killall5 [shutdown] 12950f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not telinit runlevel fstab-decode bootlogd)</li> 12960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>kmod</b>: insmod lsmod rmmod modinfo [modprobe] 12970f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: depmod kmod)</li> 12980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>attr</b>: [getfattr] setfattr (not: attr, see also: libattr)</li> 12990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>shadow</b>: [chfn] [chpasswd] [chsh] [groupadd] [groupdel] [groupmod] 13000f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[newusers] passwd [su] [useradd] [userdel] [usermod] 13010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[lastlog] [login] [newgidmap] [newuidmap] 13020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: chage expiry faillog groupmems grpck logoutd newgrp nologin pwck sg 13030f66f451Sopenharmony_civigr vipw, grpconv grpunconv pwconv pwunconv, chgpasswd gpasswd)</li> 13040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>psmisc</b>: killall [fuser] [pstree] [peekfd] [prtstat] 13050f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: pslog pstree.x11)</li> 13060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>inetutils</b>: dnsdomainname [ftp] hostname ifconfig ping ping6 [telnet] [tftp] [traceroute] (not: talk)</li> 13070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>coreutils</b>: [ base32 base64 basename cat chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp cut date 13080f66f451Sopenharmony_cidd df dirname du echo env expand factor false fmt fold groups head hostid id install 13090f66f451Sopenharmony_cilink ln logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc od 13100f66f451Sopenharmony_cipaste printenv printf pwd readlink realpath rm rmdir seq sha1sum shred 13110f66f451Sopenharmony_cisleep sort split stat sync tac tail tee test timeout touch true truncate 13120f66f451Sopenharmony_citty uname uniq unlink wc who whoami yes 13130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[expr] [fold] [join] [numfmt] [runcon] [sha224sum] [sha256sum] [sha384sum] 13140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[sha512sum] [stty] [b2sum] [tr] [unexpand] 13150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: basenc chcon csplit dir dircolors pathchk 13160f66f451Sopenharmony_cipinky pr ptx shuf stdbuf sum tsort users vdir, see also libstdbuf)</li> 13170f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>util-linux</b>: blkid blockdev cal chrt dmesg eject fallocate flock hwclock 13180f66f451Sopenharmony_ciionice kill logger losetup mcookie mkswap more mount mountpoint nsenter 13190f66f451Sopenharmony_cipivot_root prlimit rename renice rev setsid swapoff swapon switch_root taskset 13200f66f451Sopenharmony_ciumount unshare uuidgen 13210f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[addpart] [fdisk] [findfs] [findmnt] [fsck] [fsfreeze] [fstrim] [getopt] 13220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[hexdump] [linux32] [linux64] [lsblk] [lscpu] [lsns] [setarch] 13230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: agetty blkdiscard blkzone cfdisk chcpu chmem choom col 13240f66f451Sopenharmony_cicolcrt colrm column ctrlaltdel delpart fdformat fincore fsck.cramfs 13250f66f451Sopenharmony_cifsck.minix ipcmk ipcrm ipcs isosize last lastb ldattach look lsipc 13260f66f451Sopenharmony_cilslocks lslogins lsmem mesg mkfs mkfs.bfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.minix namei partx 13270f66f451Sopenharmony_ciraw readprofile resizepart rfkill rtcwake script scriptreplay 13280f66f451Sopenharmony_cisetterm sfdisk sulogin swaplabel ul 13290f66f451Sopenharmony_ciuname26 utmpdump uuidd uuidparse wall wdctl whereis wipefs 13300f66f451Sopenharmony_cii386 x86_64 zramctl)</li> 13310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</ul> 13320f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13330f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Commentary: toybox init doesn't do runlevels, man and vim are just the 13340f66f451Sopenharmony_cirelevant commands without the piles of strange overgrowth, and if you want 13350f66f451Sopenharmony_cito call a toybox binary by another name you can create a symlink to a 13360f66f451Sopenharmony_cisymlink. If somebody really wants to argue for "gzexe" or similar, be 13370f66f451Sopenharmony_cimy guest, but there's a lot of obsolete crap in shadow, coreutils, 13380f66f451Sopenharmony_ciutil-linux...</p> 13390f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>No idea why LFS is installing inetutils instead of net-tools 13410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(which contains arp route ifconfig mii-tool nameif netstat and rarp that 13420f66f451Sopenharmony_citoybox does or might implement, and plipconfig slattach that it probably won't.)</p> 13430f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13440f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Packages toybox plans to provide partial replacents for:</h3> 13450f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13460f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Toybox provides replacements for some binaries from these packages, 13470f66f451Sopenharmony_cibut there are other useful binaries which this package provides that toybox 13480f66f451Sopenharmony_cicurrently considers out of scope for the project:</p> 13490f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13500f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 13510f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>binutils</b>: strings [ar] [nm] [readelf] [size] [objcopy] [strip] 13520f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof. The following commands belong 13530f66f451Sopenharmony_ciin <a href=/code/qcc>qcc</a>: addr2line as ld objdump ranlib)</li> 13540f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>bzip2</b>: bunzip2 bzcat [bzcmp] [bzdiff] [bzegrep] [bzfgrep] [bzgrep] [bzless] 13550f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[bzmore] (not: bzip2, bzip2recover, see also libbz2)</li> 13560f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>xz</b>: [xzcat] [lzcat] [lzcmp] [lzdiff] [lzegrep] [lzfgrep] [lzgrep] 13570f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[lzless] [lzmadec, lzmainfo] [lzmore] [unlzma] [unxz] [xzcat] 13580f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[xzcmp] [xzdec] [xzdiff] [xzegrep] [xzfgrep] [xzgrep] [xzless] [xzmore] 13590f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not: compression side, see also: liblzma)</li> 13600f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>ncurses</b>: clear reset (not: everything else, see also: libcurses)</li> 13610f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>e2fsprogs</b>: chattr lsattr [e2fsck] [mkfs.ext2] [mkfs.ext3] 13620f66f451Sopenharmony_ci[fsck.ext2] [fsck.ext3] [e2label] [resize2fs] [tune2fs] 13630f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(not badblocks compile_et debugfs dumpe2fse2freefrag e2image 13640f66f451Sopenharmony_cie2mmpstatus e2scrub e2scrub_all e2undo e4crypt e4defrag filefrag 13650f66f451Sopenharmony_cifsck.ext4 logsave mk_cmds mkfs.ext4 mklost+found)</li> 13660f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</ul> 13670f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13680f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>Toybox provides several decompressors but compresses to a single format 13690f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(deflate, ala gzip/zlib). Our e2fsprogs doesn't currently plan to support 13700f66f451Sopenharmony_ciext4 or defrag. The "qcc" reference is because someday an external project to glue 13710f66f451Sopenharmony_ciQEMU's <a href=https://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob;f=tcg/README;h=bfa2e4ed246c;hb=HEAD>Tiny Code Generator</a> 13720f66f451Sopenharmony_cito Fabrice Bellard's old <a href=http://landley.net/hg/tinycc>Tiny C Compiler</a> 13730f66f451Sopenharmony_cimaking a multicall binary that does cc/ld/as for all the targets QEMU 13740f66f451Sopenharmony_cisupports (then use the 13750f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://github.com/JuliaComputing/llvm-cbe>LLVM C Backend</a> 13760f66f451Sopenharmony_cito compile LLVM itself to C for use as a modern replacement for 13770f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cfront>cfront</a> to bootstrap 13780f66f451Sopenharmony_ciC++ code) is under consideration 13790f66f451Sopenharmony_cias a successor project to toybox. Until then things like objdump -d 13800f66f451Sopenharmony_ci(requiring target-specific disassembly for an unbounded number of architectures) 13810f66f451Sopenharmony_ciare out of scope for toybox. (This means drawing the line somewhere between 13820f66f451Sopenharmony_ciarchitecture-specific support in file and strace, and including a full 13830f66f451Sopenharmony_ciassembler for each architecture.)</p> 13840f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</span> 13850f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13860f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Packages from LFS ch6 toybox does NOT plan to replace:</h3> 13870f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 13880f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 13890f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>linux-api-headers</b></li> 13900f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>man-pages glibc</b></li> 13910f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>zlib</b></li> 13920f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>readline</b></li> 13930f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gmp</b></li> 13940f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>mpfr</b></li> 13950f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>mpc</b></li> 13960f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gcc</b></li> 13970f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>pkg-config</b></li> 13980f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>ncurses</b></li> 13990f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>acl</b></li> 14000f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>libcap</b></li> 14010f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>psmisc</b></li> 14020f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>iana-etc</b></li> 14030f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>libtool</b></li> 14040f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gdbm</b></li> 14050f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gperf</b></li> 14060f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>expat</b></li> 14070f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>perl</b></li> 14080f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>XML::Parser</b></li> 14090f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>intltool</b></li> 14100f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>autoconf</b></li> 14110f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>automake</b></li> 14120f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>gettext</b></li> 14130f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>libelf</b></li> 14140f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>libffi</b></li> 14150f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>openssl</b></li> 14160f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>python</b></li> 14170f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>ninja</b></li> 14180f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>meson</b></li> 14190f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>check</b></li> 14200f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>groff</b></li> 14210f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>grub</b></li> 14220f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>libpipeline</b></li> 14230f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<li><b>texinfo</b></li> 14240f66f451Sopenharmony_ci</ul> 14250f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 14260f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>That said, we do implement our own zlib and readline replacements, and 14270f66f451Sopenharmony_cipresumably _could_ export them as library bindings. Plus we provide 14280f66f451Sopenharmony_ciour own version of a bunch of the section 1 man pages (as command help). 14290f66f451Sopenharmony_ciPossibly libcap and acl are interesting?</p> 14300f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 14310f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<h3>Misc</h3> 14320f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 14330f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<p>The kbd package has over a dozen commands, we only implement chvt. The 14340f66f451Sopenharmony_ciiproute2 package implements over a dozen commands, there's an "ip" in 14350f66f451Sopenharmony_cipending but I'm not a fan (ifconfig and route and such should be extended 14360f66f451Sopenharmony_cito work properly). We don't implement eudev, but toybox's maintainer 14370f66f451Sopenharmony_cicreated busybox mdev way back when (which replaces it) and plans to do a 14380f66f451Sopenharmony_cinew one for toybox as soon as we work out what subset is still needed now that 14390f66f451Sopenharmony_cidevtmpfs is available.</p> 14400f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 14410f66f451Sopenharmony_ci<!-- #include "footer.html" --> 14420f66f451Sopenharmony_ci 1443