src/pdf/SkPDFDocument.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2011 Google Inc.
 *
 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 * found in the LICENSE file.
 */

#include "include/docs/SkPDFDocument.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFDocumentPriv.h"

#include "include/core/SkStream.h"
#include "include/docs/SkPDFDocument.h"
#include "include/private/SkTo.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFDevice.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFFont.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFGradientShader.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFGraphicState.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFShader.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFTag.h"
#include "src/pdf/SkPDFUtils.h"
#include "src/utils/SkUTF.h"

#include <utility>

// For use in SkCanvas::drawAnnotation
const char* SkPDFGetNodeIdKey() {
    static constexpr char key[] = "PDF_Node_Key";
    return key;
}

static SkString ToValidUtf8String(const SkData& d) {
    if (d.size() == 0) {
        SkDEBUGFAIL("Not a valid string, data length is zero.");
        return SkString();
    }

    const char* c_str = static_cast<const char*>(d.data());
    if (c_str[d.size() - 1] != 0) {
        SkDEBUGFAIL("Not a valid string, not null-terminated.");
        return SkString();
    }

    // CountUTF8 returns -1 if there's an invalid UTF-8 byte sequence.
    int valid_utf8_chars_count = SkUTF::CountUTF8(c_str, d.size() - 1);
    if (valid_utf8_chars_count == -1) {
        SkDEBUGFAIL("Not a valid UTF-8 string.");
        return SkString();
    }

    return SkString(c_str, d.size() - 1);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void SkPDFOffsetMap::markStartOfDocument(const SkWStream* s) { fBaseOffset = s->bytesWritten(); }

static size_t difference(size_t minuend, size_t subtrahend) {
    return SkASSERT(minuend >= subtrahend), minuend - subtrahend;
}

void SkPDFOffsetMap::markStartOfObject(int referenceNumber, const SkWStream* s) {
    SkASSERT(referenceNumber > 0);
    size_t index = SkToSizeT(referenceNumber - 1);
    if (index >= fOffsets.size()) {
        fOffsets.resize(index + 1);
    }
    fOffsets[index] = SkToInt(difference(s->bytesWritten(), fBaseOffset));
}

int SkPDFOffsetMap::objectCount() const {
    return SkToInt(fOffsets.size() + 1); // Include the special zeroth object in the count.
}

int SkPDFOffsetMap::emitCrossReferenceTable(SkWStream* s) const {
    int xRefFileOffset = SkToInt(difference(s->bytesWritten(), fBaseOffset));
    s->writeText("xref\n0 ");
    s->writeDecAsText(this->objectCount());
    s->writeText("\n0000000000 65535 f \n");
    for (int offset : fOffsets) {
        SkASSERT(offset > 0);  // Offset was set.
        s->writeBigDecAsText(offset, 10);
        s->writeText(" 00000 n \n");
    }
    return xRefFileOffset;
}
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#define SKPDF_MAGIC "\xD3\xEB\xE9\xE1"
#ifndef SK_BUILD_FOR_WIN
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[0] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[0], "");
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[1] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[1], "");
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[2] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[2], "");
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[3] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[3], "");
#endif
static void serializeHeader(SkPDFOffsetMap* offsetMap, SkWStream* wStream) {
    offsetMap->markStartOfDocument(wStream);
    wStream->writeText("%PDF-1.4\n%" SKPDF_MAGIC "\n");
    // The PDF spec recommends including a comment with four
    // bytes, all with their high bits set.  "\xD3\xEB\xE9\xE1" is
    // "Skia" with the high bits set.
}
#undef SKPDF_MAGIC

static void begin_indirect_object(SkPDFOffsetMap* offsetMap,
                                  SkPDFIndirectReference ref,
                                  SkWStream* s) {
    offsetMap->markStartOfObject(ref.fValue, s);
    s->writeDecAsText(ref.fValue);
    s->writeText(" 0 obj\n");  // Generation number is always 0.
}

static void end_indirect_object(SkWStream* s) { s->writeText("\nendobj\n"); }

// Xref table and footer
static void serialize_footer(const SkPDFOffsetMap& offsetMap,
                             SkWStream* wStream,
                             SkPDFIndirectReference infoDict,
                             SkPDFIndirectReference docCatalog,
                             SkUUID uuid) {
    int xRefFileOffset = offsetMap.emitCrossReferenceTable(wStream);
    SkPDFDict trailerDict;
    trailerDict.insertInt("Size", offsetMap.objectCount());
    SkASSERT(docCatalog != SkPDFIndirectReference());
    trailerDict.insertRef("Root", docCatalog);
    SkASSERT(infoDict != SkPDFIndirectReference());
    trailerDict.insertRef("Info", infoDict);
    if (SkUUID() != uuid) {
        trailerDict.insertObject("ID", SkPDFMetadata::MakePdfId(uuid, uuid));
    }
    wStream->writeText("trailer\n");
    trailerDict.emitObject(wStream);
    wStream->writeText("\nstartxref\n");
    wStream->writeBigDecAsText(xRefFileOffset);
    wStream->writeText("\n%%EOF");
}

static SkPDFIndirectReference generate_page_tree(
        SkPDFDocument* doc,
        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SkPDFDict>> pages,
        const std::vector<SkPDFIndirectReference>& pageRefs) {
    // PDF wants a tree describing all the pages in the document.  We arbitrary
    // choose 8 (kNodeSize) as the number of allowed children.  The internal
    // nodes have type "Pages" with an array of children, a parent pointer, and
    // the number of leaves below the node as "Count."  The leaves are passed
    // into the method, have type "Page" and need a parent pointer. This method
    // builds the tree bottom up, skipping internal nodes that would have only
    // one child.
    SkASSERT(pages.size() > 0);
    struct PageTreeNode {
        std::unique_ptr<SkPDFDict> fNode;
        SkPDFIndirectReference fReservedRef;
        int fPageObjectDescendantCount;

        static std::vector<PageTreeNode> Layer(std::vector<PageTreeNode> vec, SkPDFDocument* doc) {
            std::vector<PageTreeNode> result;
            static constexpr size_t kMaxNodeSize = 8;
            const size_t n = vec.size();
            SkASSERT(n >= 1);
            const size_t result_len = (n - 1) / kMaxNodeSize + 1;
            SkASSERT(result_len >= 1);
            SkASSERT(n == 1 || result_len < n);
            result.reserve(result_len);
            size_t index = 0;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < result_len; ++i) {
                if (n != 1 && index + 1 == n) {  // No need to create a new node.
                    result.push_back(std::move(vec[index++]));
                    continue;
                }
                SkPDFIndirectReference parent = doc->reserveRef();
                auto kids_list = SkPDFMakeArray();
                int descendantCount = 0;
                for (size_t j = 0; j < kMaxNodeSize && index < n; ++j) {
                    PageTreeNode& node = vec[index++];
                    node.fNode->insertRef("Parent", parent);
                    kids_list->appendRef(doc->emit(*node.fNode, node.fReservedRef));
                    descendantCount += node.fPageObjectDescendantCount;
                }
                auto next = SkPDFMakeDict("Pages");
                next->insertInt("Count", descendantCount);
                next->insertObject("Kids", std::move(kids_list));
                result.push_back(PageTreeNode{std::move(next), parent, descendantCount});
            }
            return result;
        }
    };
    std::vector<PageTreeNode> currentLayer;
    currentLayer.reserve(pages.size());
    SkASSERT(pages.size() == pageRefs.size());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < pages.size(); ++i) {
        currentLayer.push_back(PageTreeNode{std::move(pages[i]), pageRefs[i], 1});
    }
    currentLayer = PageTreeNode::Layer(std::move(currentLayer), doc);
    while (currentLayer.size() > 1) {
        currentLayer = PageTreeNode::Layer(std::move(currentLayer), doc);
    }
    SkASSERT(currentLayer.size() == 1);
    const PageTreeNode& root = currentLayer[0];
    return doc->emit(*root.fNode, root.fReservedRef);
}

template<typename T, typename... Args>
static void reset_object(T* dst, Args&&... args) {
    dst->~T();
    new (dst) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

SkPDFDocument::SkPDFDocument(SkWStream* stream,
                             SkPDF::Metadata metadata)
    : SkDocument(stream)
    , fMetadata(std::move(metadata)) {
    constexpr float kDpiForRasterScaleOne = 72.0f;
    if (fMetadata.fRasterDPI != kDpiForRasterScaleOne) {
        fInverseRasterScale = kDpiForRasterScaleOne / fMetadata.fRasterDPI;
        fRasterScale        = fMetadata.fRasterDPI / kDpiForRasterScaleOne;
    }
    if (fMetadata.fStructureElementTreeRoot) {
        fTagTree.init(fMetadata.fStructureElementTreeRoot);
    }
    fExecutor = metadata.fExecutor;
}

SkPDFDocument::~SkPDFDocument() {
    // subclasses of SkDocument must call close() in their destructors.
    this->close();
}

SkPDFIndirectReference SkPDFDocument::emit(const SkPDFObject& object, SkPDFIndirectReference ref){
    SkAutoMutexExclusive lock(fMutex);
    object.emitObject(this->beginObject(ref));
    this->endObject();
    return ref;
}

SkWStream* SkPDFDocument::beginObject(SkPDFIndirectReference ref) SK_REQUIRES(fMutex) {
    begin_indirect_object(&fOffsetMap, ref, this->getStream());
    return this->getStream();
};

void SkPDFDocument::endObject() SK_REQUIRES(fMutex) {
    end_indirect_object(this->getStream());
};

static SkSize operator*(SkISize u, SkScalar s) { return SkSize{u.width() * s, u.height() * s}; }
static SkSize operator*(SkSize u, SkScalar s) { return SkSize{u.width() * s, u.height() * s}; }

SkCanvas* SkPDFDocument::onBeginPage(SkScalar width, SkScalar height) {
    SkASSERT(fCanvas.imageInfo().dimensions().isZero());
    if (fPages.empty()) {
        // if this is the first page if the document.
        {
            SkAutoMutexExclusive autoMutexAcquire(fMutex);
            serializeHeader(&fOffsetMap, this->getStream());

        }

        fInfoDict = this->emit(*SkPDFMetadata::MakeDocumentInformationDict(fMetadata));
        if (fMetadata.fPDFA) {
            fUUID = SkPDFMetadata::CreateUUID(fMetadata);
            // We use the same UUID for Document ID and Instance ID since this
            // is the first revision of this document (and Skia does not
            // support revising existing PDF documents).
            // If we are not in PDF/A mode, don't use a UUID since testing
            // works best with reproducible outputs.
            fXMP = SkPDFMetadata::MakeXMPObject(fMetadata, fUUID, fUUID, this);
        }
    }
    // By scaling the page at the device level, we will create bitmap layer
    // devices at the rasterized scale, not the 72dpi scale.  Bitmap layer
    // devices are created when saveLayer is called with an ImageFilter;  see
    // SkPDFDevice::onCreateDevice().
    SkISize pageSize = (SkSize{width, height} * fRasterScale).toRound();
    SkMatrix initialTransform;
    // Skia uses the top left as the origin but PDF natively has the origin at the
    // bottom left. This matrix corrects for that, as well as the raster scale.
    initialTransform.setScaleTranslate(fInverseRasterScale, -fInverseRasterScale,
                                       0, fInverseRasterScale * pageSize.height());
    fPageDevice = sk_make_sp<SkPDFDevice>(pageSize, this, initialTransform);
    reset_object(&fCanvas, fPageDevice);
    fCanvas.scale(fRasterScale, fRasterScale);
    fPageRefs.push_back(this->reserveRef());
    return &fCanvas;
}

static void populate_link_annotation(SkPDFDict* annotation, const SkRect& r) {
    annotation->insertName("Subtype", "Link");
    annotation->insertInt("F", 4);  // required by ISO 19005
    // Border: 0 = Horizontal corner radius.
    //         0 = Vertical corner radius.
    //         0 = Width, 0 = no border.
    annotation->insertObject("Border", SkPDFMakeArray(0, 0, 0));
    annotation->insertObject("Rect", SkPDFMakeArray(r.fLeft, r.fTop, r.fRight, r.fBottom));
}

static SkPDFIndirectReference append_destinations(
        SkPDFDocument* doc,
        const std::vector<SkPDFNamedDestination>& namedDestinations)
{
    SkPDFDict destinations;
    for (const SkPDFNamedDestination& dest : namedDestinations) {
        auto pdfDest = SkPDFMakeArray();
        pdfDest->reserve(5);
        pdfDest->appendRef(dest.fPage);
        pdfDest->appendName("XYZ");
        pdfDest->appendScalar(dest.fPoint.x());
        pdfDest->appendScalar(dest.fPoint.y());
        pdfDest->appendInt(0);  // Leave zoom unchanged
        destinations.insertObject(ToValidUtf8String(*dest.fName), std::move(pdfDest));
    }
    return doc->emit(destinations);
}

std::unique_ptr<SkPDFArray> SkPDFDocument::getAnnotations() {
    std::unique_ptr<SkPDFArray> array;
    size_t count = fCurrentPageLinks.size();
    if (0 == count) {
        return array;  // is nullptr
    }
    array = SkPDFMakeArray();
    array->reserve(count);
    for (const auto& link : fCurrentPageLinks) {
        SkPDFDict annotation("Annot");
        populate_link_annotation(&annotation, link->fRect);
        if (link->fType == SkPDFLink::Type::kUrl) {
            std::unique_ptr<SkPDFDict> action = SkPDFMakeDict("Action");
            action->insertName("S", "URI");
            action->insertString("URI", ToValidUtf8String(*link->fData));
            annotation.insertObject("A", std::move(action));
        } else if (link->fType == SkPDFLink::Type::kNamedDestination) {
            annotation.insertName("Dest", ToValidUtf8String(*link->fData));
        } else {
            SkDEBUGFAIL("Unknown link type.");
        }

        if (link->fNodeId) {
            int structParentKey = createStructParentKeyForNodeId(link->fNodeId);
            if (structParentKey != -1) {
                annotation.insertInt("StructParent", structParentKey);
            }
        }

        SkPDFIndirectReference annotationRef = emit(annotation);
        array->appendRef(annotationRef);
        if (link->fNodeId) {
            fTagTree.addNodeAnnotation(link->fNodeId, annotationRef, SkToUInt(this->currentPageIndex()));
        }
    }
    return array;
}

void SkPDFDocument::onEndPage() {
    SkASSERT(!fCanvas.imageInfo().dimensions().isZero());
    reset_object(&fCanvas);
    SkASSERT(fPageDevice);

    auto page = SkPDFMakeDict("Page");

    SkSize mediaSize = fPageDevice->imageInfo().dimensions() * fInverseRasterScale;
    std::unique_ptr<SkStreamAsset> pageContent = fPageDevice->content();
    auto resourceDict = fPageDevice->makeResourceDict();
    SkASSERT(fPageRefs.size() > 0);
    fPageDevice = nullptr;

    page->insertObject("Resources", std::move(resourceDict));
    page->insertObject("MediaBox", SkPDFUtils::RectToArray(SkRect::MakeSize(mediaSize)));

    if (std::unique_ptr<SkPDFArray> annotations = getAnnotations()) {
        page->insertObject("Annots", std::move(annotations));
        fCurrentPageLinks.clear();
    }

    page->insertRef("Contents", SkPDFStreamOut(nullptr, std::move(pageContent), this));
    // The StructParents unique identifier for each page is just its
    // 0-based page index.
    page->insertInt("StructParents", SkToInt(this->currentPageIndex()));
    fPages.emplace_back(std::move(page));
}

void SkPDFDocument::onAbort() {
    this->waitForJobs();
}

static sk_sp<SkData> SkSrgbIcm() {
    // Source: http://www.argyllcms.com/icclibsrc.html
    static const char kProfile[] =
        "\0\0\14\214argl\2 \0\0mntrRGB XYZ \7\336\0\1\0\6\0\26\0\17\0:acspM"
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        "\0\24meas\0\0\3\370\0\0\0$wtpt\0\0\4\34\0\0\0\24bkpt\0\0\0040\0\0\0"
        "\24rXYZ\0\0\4D\0\0\0\24gXYZ\0\0\4X\0\0\0\24bXYZ\0\0\4l\0\0\0\24rTR"
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        "\14desc\0\0\0\0\0\0\0?sRGB IEC61966-2.1 (Equivalent to www.srgb.co"
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        "reated by Graeme W. Gill. Released into the public domain. No Warr"
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        "\0\0\0\0\0\0desc\0\0\0\0\0\0\0.IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour sp"
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        "z'\253'\334(\r(?(q(\242(\324)\6)8)k)\235)\320*\2*5*h*\233*\317+\2+"
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        "/$/Z/\221/\307/\376050l0\2440\3331\0221J1\2021\2721\3622*2c2\2332\324"
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        ":\357;-;k;\252;\350<'<e<\244<\343=\"=a=\241=\340> >`>\240>\340?!?a"
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        "u\253\351\254\\\254\320\255D\255\270\256-\256\241\257\26\257\213\260"
        "\0\260u\260\352\261`\261\326\262K\262\302\2638\263\256\264%\264\234"
        "\265\23\265\212\266\1\266y\266\360\267h\267\340\270Y\270\321\271J\271"
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        "X\303\324\304Q\304\316\305K\305\310\306F\306\303\307A\307\277\310="
        "\310\274\311:\311\271\3128\312\267\3136\313\266\3145\314\265\3155\315"
        "\265\3166\316\266\3177\317\270\3209\320\272\321<\321\276\322?\322\301"
        "\323D\323\306\324I\324\313\325N\325\321\326U\326\330\327\\\327\340"
        "\330d\330\350\331l\331\361\332v\332\373\333\200\334\5\334\212\335\20"
        "\335\226\336\34\336\242\337)\337\257\3406\340\275\341D\341\314\342"
        "S\342\333\343c\343\353\344s\344\374\345\204\346\r\346\226\347\37\347"
        "\251\3502\350\274\351F\351\320\352[\352\345\353p\353\373\354\206\355"
        "\21\355\234\356(\356\264\357@\357\314\360X\360\345\361r\361\377\362"
        "\214\363\31\363\247\3644\364\302\365P\365\336\366m\366\373\367\212"
        "\370\31\370\250\3718\371\307\372W\372\347\373w\374\7\374\230\375)\375"
        "\272\376K\376\334\377m\377\377";
    const size_t kProfileLength = 3212;
    static_assert(kProfileLength == sizeof(kProfile) - 1, "");
    return SkData::MakeWithoutCopy(kProfile, kProfileLength);
}

static SkPDFIndirectReference make_srgb_color_profile(SkPDFDocument* doc) {
    std::unique_ptr<SkPDFDict> dict = SkPDFMakeDict();
    dict->insertInt("N", 3);
    dict->insertObject("Range", SkPDFMakeArray(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1));
    return SkPDFStreamOut(std::move(dict), SkMemoryStream::Make(SkSrgbIcm()), doc, true);
}

static std::unique_ptr<SkPDFArray> make_srgb_output_intents(SkPDFDocument* doc) {
    // sRGB is specified by HTML, CSS, and SVG.
    auto outputIntent = SkPDFMakeDict("OutputIntent");
    outputIntent->insertName("S", "GTS_PDFA1");
    outputIntent->insertString("RegistryName", "http://www.color.org");
    outputIntent->insertString("OutputConditionIdentifier",
                               "Custom");
    outputIntent->insertString("Info","sRGB IEC61966-2.1");
    outputIntent->insertRef("DestOutputProfile", make_srgb_color_profile(doc));
    auto intentArray = SkPDFMakeArray();
    intentArray->appendObject(std::move(outputIntent));
    return intentArray;
}

SkPDFIndirectReference SkPDFDocument::getPage(size_t pageIndex) const {
    SkASSERT(pageIndex < fPageRefs.size());
    return fPageRefs[pageIndex];
}

const SkMatrix& SkPDFDocument::currentPageTransform() const {
    return fPageDevice->initialTransform();
}

int SkPDFDocument::createMarkIdForNodeId(int nodeId) {
    return fTagTree.createMarkIdForNodeId(nodeId, SkToUInt(this->currentPageIndex()));
}

int SkPDFDocument::createStructParentKeyForNodeId(int nodeId) {
    return fTagTree.createStructParentKeyForNodeId(nodeId, SkToUInt(this->currentPageIndex()));
}

static std::vector<const SkPDFFont*> get_fonts(const SkPDFDocument& canon) {
    std::vector<const SkPDFFont*> fonts;
    fonts.reserve(canon.fFontMap.count());
    // Sort so the output PDF is reproducible.
    for (const auto& [unused, font] : canon.fFontMap) {
        fonts.push_back(&font);
    }
    std::sort(fonts.begin(), fonts.end(), [](const SkPDFFont* u, const SkPDFFont* v) {
        return u->indirectReference().fValue < v->indirectReference().fValue;
    });
    return fonts;
}

void SkPDFDocument::onClose(SkWStream* stream) {
    SkASSERT(fCanvas.imageInfo().dimensions().isZero());
    if (fPages.empty()) {
        this->waitForJobs();
        return;
    }
    auto docCatalog = SkPDFMakeDict("Catalog");
    if (fMetadata.fPDFA) {
        SkASSERT(fXMP != SkPDFIndirectReference());
        docCatalog->insertRef("Metadata", fXMP);
        // Don't specify OutputIntents if we are not in PDF/A mode since
        // no one has ever asked for this feature.
        docCatalog->insertObject("OutputIntents", make_srgb_output_intents(this));
    }

    docCatalog->insertRef("Pages", generate_page_tree(this, std::move(fPages), fPageRefs));

    if (!fNamedDestinations.empty()) {
        docCatalog->insertRef("Dests", append_destinations(this, fNamedDestinations));
        fNamedDestinations.clear();
    }

    // Handle tagged PDFs.
    if (SkPDFIndirectReference root = fTagTree.makeStructTreeRoot(this)) {
        // In the document catalog, indicate that this PDF is tagged.
        auto markInfo = SkPDFMakeDict("MarkInfo");
        markInfo->insertBool("Marked", true);
        docCatalog->insertObject("MarkInfo", std::move(markInfo));
        docCatalog->insertRef("StructTreeRoot", root);
    }

    auto docCatalogRef = this->emit(*docCatalog);

    for (const SkPDFFont* f : get_fonts(*this)) {
        f->emitSubset(this);
    }

    this->waitForJobs();
    {
        SkAutoMutexExclusive autoMutexAcquire(fMutex);
        serialize_footer(fOffsetMap, this->getStream(), fInfoDict, docCatalogRef, fUUID);
    }
}

void SkPDFDocument::incrementJobCount() { fJobCount++; }

void SkPDFDocument::signalJobComplete() { fSemaphore.signal(); }

void SkPDFDocument::waitForJobs() {
     // fJobCount can increase while we wait.
     while (fJobCount > 0) {
         fSemaphore.wait();
         --fJobCount;
     }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void SkPDF::SetNodeId(SkCanvas* canvas, int nodeID) {
    sk_sp<SkData> payload = SkData::MakeWithCopy(&nodeID, sizeof(nodeID));
    const char* key = SkPDFGetNodeIdKey();
    canvas->drawAnnotation({0, 0, 0, 0}, key, payload.get());
}

sk_sp<SkDocument> SkPDF::MakeDocument(SkWStream* stream, const SkPDF::Metadata& metadata) {
    SkPDF::Metadata meta = metadata;
    if (meta.fRasterDPI <= 0) {
        meta.fRasterDPI = 72.0f;
    }
    if (meta.fEncodingQuality < 0) {
        meta.fEncodingQuality = 0;
    }
    return stream ? sk_make_sp<SkPDFDocument>(stream, std::move(meta)) : nullptr;
}