1/*
2 * QR Code generator demo (C++)
3 *
4 * Run this command-line program with no arguments. The program computes a bunch of demonstration
5 * QR Codes and prints them to the console. Also, the SVG code for one QR Code is printed as a sample.
6 *
7 * Copyright (c) Project Nayuki. (MIT License)
8 * https://www.nayuki.io/page/qr-code-generator-library
9 *
10 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
11 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
12 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
13 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
14 * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
15 * subject to the following conditions:
16 * - The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
17 *   all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
18 * - The Software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or
19 *   implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability,
20 *   fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall the
21 *   authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other
22 *   liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from,
23 *   out of or in connection with the Software or the use or other dealings in the
24 *   Software.
25 */
26
27#include <climits>
28#include <cstdint>
29#include <cstdlib>
30#include <cstring>
31#include <iostream>
32#include <sstream>
33#include <string>
34#include <vector>
35#include "qrcodegen.hpp"
36
37using std::uint8_t;
38using qrcodegen::QrCode;
39using qrcodegen::QrSegment;
40
41
42// Function prototypes
43static void doBasicDemo();
44static void doVarietyDemo();
45static void doSegmentDemo();
46static void doMaskDemo();
47static std::string toSvgString(const QrCode &qr, int border);
48static void printQr(const QrCode &qr);
49
50
51// The main application program.
52int main() {
53	doBasicDemo();
54	doVarietyDemo();
55	doSegmentDemo();
56	doMaskDemo();
57	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
58}
59
60
61
62/*---- Demo suite ----*/
63
64// Creates a single QR Code, then prints it to the console.
65static void doBasicDemo() {
66	const char *text = "Hello, world!";              // User-supplied text
67	const QrCode::Ecc errCorLvl = QrCode::Ecc::LOW;  // Error correction level
68
69	// Make and print the QR Code symbol
70	const QrCode qr = QrCode::encodeText(text, errCorLvl);
71	printQr(qr);
72	std::cout << toSvgString(qr, 4) << std::endl;
73}
74
75
76// Creates a variety of QR Codes that exercise different features of the library, and prints each one to the console.
77static void doVarietyDemo() {
78	// Numeric mode encoding (3.33 bits per digit)
79	const QrCode qr0 = QrCode::encodeText("314159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510", QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM);
80	printQr(qr0);
81
82	// Alphanumeric mode encoding (5.5 bits per character)
83	const QrCode qr1 = QrCode::encodeText("DOLLAR-AMOUNT:$39.87 PERCENTAGE:100.00% OPERATIONS:+-*/", QrCode::Ecc::HIGH);
84	printQr(qr1);
85
86	// Unicode text as UTF-8
87	const QrCode qr2 = QrCode::encodeText("\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1wa\xE3\x80\x81"
88		"\xE4\xB8\x96\xE7\x95\x8C\xEF\xBC\x81\x20\xCE\xB1\xCE\xB2\xCE\xB3\xCE\xB4", QrCode::Ecc::QUARTILE);
89	printQr(qr2);
90
91	// Moderately large QR Code using longer text (from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland)
92	const QrCode qr3 = QrCode::encodeText(
93		"Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, "
94		"and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, "
95		"but it had no pictures or conversations in it, 'and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice "
96		"'without pictures or conversations?' So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, "
97		"for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a "
98		"daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly "
99		"a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.", QrCode::Ecc::HIGH);
100	printQr(qr3);
101}
102
103
104// Creates QR Codes with manually specified segments for better compactness.
105static void doSegmentDemo() {
106	// Illustration "silver"
107	const char *silver0 = "THE SQUARE ROOT OF 2 IS 1.";
108	const char *silver1 = "41421356237309504880168872420969807856967187537694807317667973799";
109	const QrCode qr0 = QrCode::encodeText(
110		(std::string(silver0) + silver1).c_str(),
111		QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
112	printQr(qr0);
113
114	const QrCode qr1 = QrCode::encodeSegments(
115		{QrSegment::makeAlphanumeric(silver0), QrSegment::makeNumeric(silver1)},
116		QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
117	printQr(qr1);
118
119	// Illustration "golden"
120	const char *golden0 = "Golden ratio \xCF\x86 = 1.";
121	const char *golden1 = "6180339887498948482045868343656381177203091798057628621354486227052604628189024497072072041893911374";
122	const char *golden2 = "......";
123	const QrCode qr2 = QrCode::encodeText(
124		(std::string(golden0) + golden1 + golden2).c_str(),
125		QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
126	printQr(qr2);
127
128	std::vector<uint8_t> bytes(golden0, golden0 + std::strlen(golden0));
129	const QrCode qr3 = QrCode::encodeSegments(
130		{QrSegment::makeBytes(bytes), QrSegment::makeNumeric(golden1), QrSegment::makeAlphanumeric(golden2)},
131		QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
132	printQr(qr3);
133
134	// Illustration "Madoka": kanji, kana, Cyrillic, full-width Latin, Greek characters
135	const char *madoka =  // Encoded in UTF-8
136		"\xE3\x80\x8C\xE9\xAD\x94\xE6\xB3\x95\xE5"
137		"\xB0\x91\xE5\xA5\xB3\xE3\x81\xBE\xE3\x81"
138		"\xA9\xE3\x81\x8B\xE2\x98\x86\xE3\x83\x9E"
139		"\xE3\x82\xAE\xE3\x82\xAB\xE3\x80\x8D\xE3"
140		"\x81\xA3\xE3\x81\xA6\xE3\x80\x81\xE3\x80"
141		"\x80\xD0\x98\xD0\x90\xD0\x98\xE3\x80\x80"
142		"\xEF\xBD\x84\xEF\xBD\x85\xEF\xBD\x93\xEF"
143		"\xBD\x95\xE3\x80\x80\xCE\xBA\xCE\xB1\xEF"
144		"\xBC\x9F";
145	const QrCode qr4 = QrCode::encodeText(madoka, QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
146	printQr(qr4);
147
148	const std::vector<int> kanjiChars{  // Kanji mode encoding (13 bits per character)
149		0x0035, 0x1002, 0x0FC0, 0x0AED, 0x0AD7,
150		0x015C, 0x0147, 0x0129, 0x0059, 0x01BD,
151		0x018D, 0x018A, 0x0036, 0x0141, 0x0144,
152		0x0001, 0x0000, 0x0249, 0x0240, 0x0249,
153		0x0000, 0x0104, 0x0105, 0x0113, 0x0115,
154		0x0000, 0x0208, 0x01FF, 0x0008,
155	};
156	qrcodegen::BitBuffer bb;
157	for (int c : kanjiChars)
158		bb.appendBits(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(c), 13);
159	const QrCode qr5 = QrCode::encodeSegments(
160		{QrSegment(QrSegment::Mode::KANJI, static_cast<int>(kanjiChars.size()), bb)},
161		QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
162	printQr(qr5);
163}
164
165
166// Creates QR Codes with the same size and contents but different mask patterns.
167static void doMaskDemo() {
168	// Project Nayuki URL
169	std::vector<QrSegment> segs0 = QrSegment::makeSegments("https://www.nayuki.io/");
170	printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs0, QrCode::Ecc::HIGH, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, -1, true));  // Automatic mask
171	printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs0, QrCode::Ecc::HIGH, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 3, true));  // Force mask 3
172
173	// Chinese text as UTF-8
174	std::vector<QrSegment> segs1 = QrSegment::makeSegments(
175		"\xE7\xB6\xAD\xE5\x9F\xBA\xE7\x99\xBE\xE7\xA7\x91\xEF\xBC\x88\x57\x69\x6B\x69\x70"
176		"\x65\x64\x69\x61\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE8\x81\x86\xE8\x81\xBD\x69\x2F\xCB\x8C\x77\xC9\xAA"
177		"\x6B\xE1\xB5\xBB\xCB\x88\x70\x69\xCB\x90\x64\x69\x2E\xC9\x99\x2F\xEF\xBC\x89\xE6"
178		"\x98\xAF\xE4\xB8\x80\xE5\x80\x8B\xE8\x87\xAA\xE7\x94\xB1\xE5\x85\xA7\xE5\xAE\xB9"
179		"\xE3\x80\x81\xE5\x85\xAC\xE9\x96\x8B\xE7\xB7\xA8\xE8\xBC\xAF\xE4\xB8\x94\xE5\xA4"
180		"\x9A\xE8\xAA\x9E\xE8\xA8\x80\xE7\x9A\x84\xE7\xB6\xB2\xE8\xB7\xAF\xE7\x99\xBE\xE7"
181		"\xA7\x91\xE5\x85\xA8\xE6\x9B\xB8\xE5\x8D\x94\xE4\xBD\x9C\xE8\xA8\x88\xE7\x95\xAB");
182	printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 0, true));  // Force mask 0
183	printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 1, true));  // Force mask 1
184	printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 5, true));  // Force mask 5
185	printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 7, true));  // Force mask 7
186}
187
188
189
190/*---- Utilities ----*/
191
192// Returns a string of SVG code for an image depicting the given QR Code, with the given number
193// of border modules. The string always uses Unix newlines (\n), regardless of the platform.
194static std::string toSvgString(const QrCode &qr, int border) {
195	if (border < 0)
196		throw std::domain_error("Border must be non-negative");
197	if (border > INT_MAX / 2 || border * 2 > INT_MAX - qr.getSize())
198		throw std::overflow_error("Border too large");
199
200	std::ostringstream sb;
201	sb << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
202	sb << "<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n";
203	sb << "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 ";
204	sb << (qr.getSize() + border * 2) << " " << (qr.getSize() + border * 2) << "\" stroke=\"none\">\n";
205	sb << "\t<rect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n";
206	sb << "\t<path d=\"";
207	for (int y = 0; y < qr.getSize(); y++) {
208		for (int x = 0; x < qr.getSize(); x++) {
209			if (qr.getModule(x, y)) {
210				if (x != 0 || y != 0)
211					sb << " ";
212				sb << "M" << (x + border) << "," << (y + border) << "h1v1h-1z";
213			}
214		}
215	}
216	sb << "\" fill=\"#000000\"/>\n";
217	sb << "</svg>\n";
218	return sb.str();
219}
220
221
222// Prints the given QrCode object to the console.
223static void printQr(const QrCode &qr) {
224	int border = 4;
225	for (int y = -border; y < qr.getSize() + border; y++) {
226		for (int x = -border; x < qr.getSize() + border; x++) {
227			std::cout << (qr.getModule(x, y) ? "##" : "  ");
228		}
229		std::cout << std::endl;
230	}
231	std::cout << std::endl;
232}
233