xref: /third_party/python/Doc/library/dialog.rst (revision 7db96d56)

Tkinter Dialogs
===============

:mod:`tkinter.simpledialog` --- Standard Tkinter input dialogs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. module:: tkinter.simpledialog
   :platform: Tk
   :synopsis: Simple dialog windows

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py`

--------------

The :mod:`tkinter.simpledialog` module contains convenience classes and
functions for creating simple modal dialogs to get a value from the user.


.. function:: askfloat(title, prompt, **kw)
              askinteger(title, prompt, **kw)
              askstring(title, prompt, **kw)

   The above three functions provide dialogs that prompt the user to enter a value
   of the desired type.

.. class:: Dialog(parent, title=None)

   The base class for custom dialogs.

    .. method:: body(master)

       Override to construct the dialog's interface and return the widget that
       should have initial focus.

    .. method:: buttonbox()

       Default behaviour adds OK and Cancel buttons. Override for custom button
       layouts.



:mod:`tkinter.filedialog` --- File selection dialogs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. module:: tkinter.filedialog
   :platform: Tk
   :synopsis: Dialog classes for file selection

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/filedialog.py`

--------------

The :mod:`tkinter.filedialog` module provides classes and factory functions for
creating file/directory selection windows.

Native Load/Save Dialogs
------------------------

The following classes and functions provide file dialog windows that combine a
native look-and-feel with configuration options to customize behaviour.
The following keyword arguments are applicable to the classes and functions
listed below:

 | *parent* - the window to place the dialog on top of

 | *title* - the title of the window

 | *initialdir* - the directory that the dialog starts in

 | *initialfile* - the file selected upon opening of the dialog

 | *filetypes* - a sequence of (label, pattern) tuples, '*' wildcard is allowed

 | *defaultextension* - default extension to append to file (save dialogs)

 | *multiple* - when true, selection of multiple items is allowed


**Static factory functions**

The below functions when called create a modal, native look-and-feel dialog,
wait for the user's selection, then return the selected value(s) or ``None`` to the
caller.

.. function:: askopenfile(mode="r", **options)
              askopenfiles(mode="r", **options)

   The above two functions create an :class:`Open` dialog and return the opened
   file object(s) in read-only mode.

.. function:: asksaveasfile(mode="w", **options)

   Create a :class:`SaveAs` dialog and return a file object opened in write-only mode.

.. function:: askopenfilename(**options)
              askopenfilenames(**options)

   The above two functions create an :class:`Open` dialog and return the
   selected filename(s) that correspond to existing file(s).

.. function:: asksaveasfilename(**options)

   Create a :class:`SaveAs` dialog and return the selected filename.

.. function:: askdirectory(**options)

 | Prompt user to select a directory.
 | Additional keyword option:
 |  *mustexist* - determines if selection must be an existing directory.

.. class:: Open(master=None, **options)
           SaveAs(master=None, **options)

   The above two classes provide native dialog windows for saving and loading
   files.

**Convenience classes**

The below classes are used for creating file/directory windows from scratch.
These do not emulate the native look-and-feel of the platform.

.. class:: Directory(master=None, **options)

   Create a dialog prompting the user to select a directory.

.. note::  The *FileDialog* class should be subclassed for custom event
   handling and behaviour.

.. class:: FileDialog(master, title=None)

   Create a basic file selection dialog.

   .. method:: cancel_command(event=None)

      Trigger the termination of the dialog window.

   .. method:: dirs_double_event(event)

      Event handler for double-click event on directory.

   .. method:: dirs_select_event(event)

      Event handler for click event on directory.

   .. method:: files_double_event(event)

      Event handler for double-click event on file.

   .. method:: files_select_event(event)

      Event handler for single-click event on file.

   .. method:: filter_command(event=None)

      Filter the files by directory.

   .. method:: get_filter()

      Retrieve the file filter currently in use.

   .. method:: get_selection()

      Retrieve the currently selected item.

   .. method:: go(dir_or_file=os.curdir, pattern="*", default="", key=None)

      Render dialog and start event loop.

   .. method:: ok_event(event)

      Exit dialog returning current selection.

   .. method:: quit(how=None)

      Exit dialog returning filename, if any.

   .. method:: set_filter(dir, pat)

      Set the file filter.

   .. method:: set_selection(file)

      Update the current file selection to *file*.


.. class:: LoadFileDialog(master, title=None)

   A subclass of FileDialog that creates a dialog window for selecting an
   existing file.

   .. method:: ok_command()

      Test that a file is provided and that the selection indicates an
      already existing file.

.. class:: SaveFileDialog(master, title=None)

   A subclass of FileDialog that creates a dialog window for selecting a
   destination file.

   .. method:: ok_command()

      Test whether or not the selection points to a valid file that is not a
      directory. Confirmation is required if an already existing file is
      selected.

:mod:`tkinter.commondialog` --- Dialog window templates
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. module:: tkinter.commondialog
   :platform: Tk
   :synopsis: Tkinter base class for dialogs

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/commondialog.py`

--------------

The :mod:`tkinter.commondialog` module provides the :class:`Dialog` class that
is the base class for dialogs defined in other supporting modules.

.. class:: Dialog(master=None, **options)

   .. method:: show(color=None, **options)

      Render the Dialog window.


.. seealso::

   Modules :mod:`tkinter.messagebox`, :ref:`tut-files`