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It automates the linking process 1541cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cias part of <code>npm install</code> and removes the need to manually use <code>npm link</code> in 1551cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciorder to add references to packages that should be symlinked into the current 1561cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<code>node_modules</code> folder.</p> 1571cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>We also refer to these packages being auto-symlinked during <code>npm install</code> as a 1581cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cisingle <strong>workspace</strong>, meaning it's a nested package within the current local 1591cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cifile system that is explicitly defined in the <a href="../configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces.html"><code>package.json</code></a> 1601cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<code>workspaces</code> configuration.</p> 1611cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<h3 id="defining-workspaces">Defining workspaces</h3> 1621cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Workspaces are usually defined via the <code>workspaces</code> property of the 1631cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<a href="../configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces.html"><code>package.json</code></a> file, e.g:</p> 1641cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code class="language-json">{ 1651cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci "name": "my-workspaces-powered-project", 1661cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci "workspaces": [ 1671cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci "packages/a" 1681cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci ] 1691cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci} 1701cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 1711cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Given the above <code>package.json</code> example living at a current working 1721cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cidirectory <code>.</code> that contains a folder named <code>packages/a</code> that itself contains 1731cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cia <code>package.json</code> inside it, defining a Node.js package, e.g:</p> 1741cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>. 1751cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci+-- package.json 1761cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci`-- packages 1771cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci +-- a 1781cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci | `-- package.json 1791cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 1801cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>The expected result once running <code>npm install</code> in this current working 1811cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cidirectory <code>.</code> is that the folder <code>packages/a</code> will get symlinked to the 1821cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<code>node_modules</code> folder of the current working dir.</p> 1831cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Below is a post <code>npm install</code> example, given that same previous example 1841cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cistructure of files and folders:</p> 1851cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>. 1861cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci+-- node_modules 1871cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci| `-- a -> ../packages/a 1881cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci+-- package-lock.json 1891cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci+-- package.json 1901cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci`-- packages 1911cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci +-- a 1921cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci | `-- package.json 1931cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 1941cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<h3 id="getting-started-with-workspaces">Getting started with workspaces</h3> 1951cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>You may automate the required steps to define a new workspace using 1961cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<a href="../commands/npm-init.html">npm init</a>. For example in a project that already has a 1971cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<code>package.json</code> defined you can run:</p> 1981cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>npm init -w ./packages/a 1991cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2001cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>This command will create the missing folders and a new <code>package.json</code> 2011cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cifile (if needed) while also making sure to properly configure the 2021cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<code>"workspaces"</code> property of your root project <code>package.json</code>.</p> 2031cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<h3 id="adding-dependencies-to-a-workspace">Adding dependencies to a workspace</h3> 2041cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>It's possible to directly add/remove/update dependencies of your workspaces 2051cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciusing the <a href="../using-npm/config#workspace.html"><code>workspace</code> config</a>.</p> 2061cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>For example, assuming the following structure:</p> 2071cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>. 2081cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci+-- package.json 2091cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci`-- packages 2101cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci +-- a 2111cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci | `-- package.json 2121cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci `-- b 2131cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci `-- package.json 2141cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2151cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>If you want to add a dependency named <code>abbrev</code> from the registry as a 2161cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cidependency of your workspace <strong>a</strong>, you may use the workspace config to tell 2171cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cithe npm installer that package should be added as a dependency of the provided 2181cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciworkspace:</p> 2191cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>npm install abbrev -w a 2201cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2211cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Note: other installing commands such as <code>uninstall</code>, <code>ci</code>, etc will also 2221cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cirespect the provided <code>workspace</code> configuration.</p> 2231cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<h3 id="using-workspaces">Using workspaces</h3> 2241cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Given the <a href="https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v14.x/docs/api/modules.html#modules_all_together">specifics of how Node.js handles module resolution</a> it's possible to consume any defined workspace 2251cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciby its declared <code>package.json</code> <code>name</code>. Continuing from the example defined 2261cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciabove, let's also create a Node.js script that will require the workspace <code>a</code> 2271cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciexample module, e.g:</p> 2281cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>// ./packages/a/index.js 2291cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cimodule.exports = 'a' 2301cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci 2311cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci// ./lib/index.js 2321cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciconst moduleA = require('a') 2331cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciconsole.log(moduleA) // -> a 2341cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2351cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>When running it with:</p> 2361cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p><code>node lib/index.js</code></p> 2371cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>This demonstrates how the nature of <code>node_modules</code> resolution allows for 2381cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<strong>workspaces</strong> to enable a portable workflow for requiring each <strong>workspace</strong> 2391cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciin such a way that is also easy to <a href="../commands/npm-publish.html">publish</a> these 2401cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cinested workspaces to be consumed elsewhere.</p> 2411cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<h3 id="running-commands-in-the-context-of-workspaces">Running commands in the context of workspaces</h3> 2421cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>You can use the <code>workspace</code> configuration option to run commands in the context 2431cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciof a configured workspace. 2441cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciAdditionally, if your current directory is in a workspace, the <code>workspace</code> 2451cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciconfiguration is implicitly set, and <code>prefix</code> is set to the root workspace.</p> 2461cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Following is a quick example on how to use the <code>npm run</code> command in the context 2471cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciof nested workspaces. For a project containing multiple workspaces, e.g:</p> 2481cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>. 2491cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci+-- package.json 2501cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci`-- packages 2511cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci +-- a 2521cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci | `-- package.json 2531cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci `-- b 2541cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci `-- package.json 2551cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2561cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>By running a command using the <code>workspace</code> option, it's possible to run the 2571cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cigiven command in the context of that specific workspace. e.g:</p> 2581cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=a 2591cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2601cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>You could also run the command within the workspace.</p> 2611cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>cd packages/a && npm run test 2621cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2631cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Either will run the <code>test</code> script defined within the 2641cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<code>./packages/a/package.json</code> file.</p> 2651cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Please note that you can also specify this argument multiple times in the 2661cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cicommand-line in order to target multiple workspaces, e.g:</p> 2671cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=a --workspace=b 2681cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2691cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Or run the command for each workspace within the 'packages' folder:</p> 2701cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=packages 2711cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2721cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>It's also possible to use the <code>workspaces</code> (plural) configuration option to 2731cb0ef41Sopenharmony_cienable the same behavior but running that command in the context of <strong>all</strong> 2741cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciconfigured workspaces. e.g:</p> 2751cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>npm run test --workspaces 2761cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2771cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Will run the <code>test</code> script in both <code>./packages/a</code> and <code>./packages/b</code>.</p> 2781cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Commands will be run in each workspace in the order they appear in your <code>package.json</code></p> 2791cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>{ 2801cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci "workspaces": [ "packages/a", "packages/b" ] 2811cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci} 2821cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2831cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>Order of run is different with:</p> 2841cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>{ 2851cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci "workspaces": [ "packages/b", "packages/a" ] 2861cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci} 2871cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2881cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<h3 id="ignoring-missing-scripts">Ignoring missing scripts</h3> 2891cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>It is not required for all of the workspaces to implement scripts run with the <code>npm run</code> command.</p> 2901cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<p>By running the command with the <code>--if-present</code> flag, npm will ignore workspaces missing target script.</p> 2911cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<pre><code>npm run test --workspaces --if-present 2921cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</code></pre> 2931cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<h3 id="see-also">See also</h3> 2941cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<ul> 2951cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href="../commands/npm-install.html">npm install</a></li> 2961cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href="../commands/npm-publish.html">npm publish</a></li> 2971cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href="../commands/npm-run-script.html">npm run-script</a></li> 2981cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<li><a href="../using-npm/config.html">config</a></li> 2991cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</ul></div> 3001cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci 3011cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<footer id="edit"> 3021cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/edit/latest/docs/content/using-npm/workspaces.md"> 3031cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentcolor" style="vertical-align: text-bottom; margin-right: 0.3em;"> 3041cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.013 1.427a1.75 1.75 0 012.474 0l1.086 1.086a1.75 1.75 0 010 2.474l-8.61 8.61c-.21.21-.47.364-.756.445l-3.251.93a.75.75 0 01-.927-.928l.929-3.25a1.75 1.75 0 01.445-.758l8.61-8.61zm1.414 1.06a.25.25 0 00-.354 0L10.811 3.75l1.439 1.44 1.263-1.263a.25.25 0 000-.354l-1.086-1.086zM11.189 6.25L9.75 4.81l-6.286 6.287a.25.25 0 00-.064.108l-.558 1.953 1.953-.558a.249.249 0 00.108-.064l6.286-6.286z"></path> 3051cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</svg> 3061cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ciEdit this page on GitHub 3071cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</a> 3081cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</footer> 3091cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</section> 3101cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci 3111cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci 3121cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci 3131cb0ef41Sopenharmony_ci</body></html>