1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28#include <sys/param.h> 29#ifdef MAKEFS 30/* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */ 31#include <sys/disk/bsd.h> 32#elif defined(__linux__) 33#include <linux/fs.h> 34#include <linux/hdreg.h> 35#include <sys/ioctl.h> 36#else 37#include <sys/fdcio.h> 38#include <sys/disk.h> 39#include <sys/disklabel.h> 40#include <sys/mount.h> 41#endif 42#include <sys/stat.h> 43// #include <sys/sysctl.h> 44#include <sys/time.h> 45 46#include <assert.h> 47#include <ctype.h> 48#include <err.h> 49#include <errno.h> 50#include <fcntl.h> 51#include <inttypes.h> 52#include <paths.h> 53#include <signal.h> 54#include <stdio.h> 55#include <stdlib.h> 56#include <string.h> 57#include <time.h> 58#include <unistd.h> 59 60#include "mkfs_msdos.h" 61 62#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 63#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 64#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 65 66#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 67#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 68#define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */ 69#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 70#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 71#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 72#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 73#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 74#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 75#define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 76#define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 77#define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 78#define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 79#define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 80#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 81 82#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 83 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 84 MINCLS32) 85 86#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 87 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 88 MAXCLS32) 89 90#define mk1(p, x) \ 91 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 92 93#define mk2(p, x) \ 94 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 95 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 96 97#define mk4(p, x) \ 98 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 99 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 100 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 101 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 102 103struct bs { 104 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 105 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 106}/* __packed */; 107 108struct bsbpb { 109 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 111 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 112 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 113 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 114 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 115 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 116 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 117 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 118 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 119 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 120 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 121}/* __packed */; 122 123struct bsxbpb { 124 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 125 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 126 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 127 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 128 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 129 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 130 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 131}/* __packed */; 132 133struct bsx { 134 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 135 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 136 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 137 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 138 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 139 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 140}/* __packed */; 141 142struct de { 143 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 144 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 145 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 146 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 147 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 148 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 149 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 150}/* __packed */; 151 152struct bpb { 153 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 154 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 155 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 156 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 157 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 158 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 159 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 160 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 161 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 162 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 163 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 164 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 165 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 166 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 167 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 168 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 169}; 170 171#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 172 173static struct { 174 const char *name; 175 struct bpb bpb; 176} const stdfmt[] = { 177 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 180 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 183 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 184 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 185 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 187}; 188 189static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 190 0xfa, /* cli */ 191 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 192 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 193 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 194 0xfb, /* sti */ 195 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 196 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 197 0x5e, /* pop si */ 198 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 199 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 200 0xfc, /* cld */ 201 0xac, /* lodsb */ 202 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 203 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 204 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 205 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 206 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 207 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 208 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 209 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 210 0x0d, 0x0a, 211 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 212 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 213 0x0d, 0x0a, 214 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 215 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 216 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 217 0x0d, 0x0a, 218 0 219}; 220 221static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 222static void infohandler(int); 223 224static ssize_t getchunksize(void); 225static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 226static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 227static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 228static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 229static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 230static int oklabel(const char *); 231static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 232 233int 234mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 235{ 236 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 237 struct sigaction si_sa; 238 struct stat sb; 239 struct timeval tv; 240 struct bpb bpb; 241 struct tm *tm; 242 struct bs *bs; 243 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 244 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 245 struct bsx *bsx; 246 struct de *de; 247 u_int8_t *img; 248 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end; 249 const char *bname; 250 ssize_t n; 251 time_t now; 252 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 253 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 254 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 255 int fd, fd1, rv; 256 struct msdos_options o = *op; 257 ssize_t chunksize; 258 259 physbuf = NULL; 260 rv = -1; 261 fd = fd1 = -1; 262 263 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 264 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 265 goto done; 266 } 267 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 268 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 269 goto done; 270 } 271 if (o.create_size) { 272 if (o.no_create) { 273 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 274 goto done; 275 } 276 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 277 if (fd == -1) { 278 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 279 goto done; 280 } 281 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 282 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 283 goto done; 284 } 285 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 286 warn("%s", fname); 287 goto done; 288 } 289 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 290 warn("%s", fname); 291 goto done; 292 } 293 if (o.create_size) { 294 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 295 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 296 } else { 297#ifdef MAKEFS 298 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!"); 299#else 300 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 301 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 302#endif 303 } 304 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 305 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 306 goto done; 307 } 308 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 309 if (o.floppy) { 310 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 311 goto done; 312 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 313 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 314 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 315 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 316 } 317 if (o.drive_heads) 318 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 319 if (o.sectors_per_track) 320 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 321 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 322 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 323 if (o.size) 324 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 325 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 326 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 327 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 328 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 329 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1) 330 goto done; 331 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 332 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 333 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 334 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 335 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 336 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 337 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 338 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 339 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 340 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 341 else 342 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 343 } 344 } 345 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS || 346 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS || 347 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 348 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096", 349 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 350 goto done; 351 } 352 353 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 354 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 355 goto done; 356 } 357 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 358 if (o.floppy) 359 fat = 12; 360 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 361 fat = 32; 362 } 363 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 364 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 365 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 366 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 367 goto done; 368 } 369 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 370 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 371 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 372 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 373 goto done; 374 } 375 376 if (o.block_size) { 377 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 378 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 379 goto done; 380 } 381 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 382 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 383 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 384 goto done; 385 } 386 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 387 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 388 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 389 goto done; 390 } 391 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 392 } 393 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 394 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 395 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 396 o.sectors_per_cluster); 397 goto done; 398 } 399 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 400 } 401 if (o.reserved_sectors) 402 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 403 if (o.num_FAT) { 404 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 405 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 406 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 407 goto done; 408 } 409 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 410 } 411 if (o.directory_entries) 412 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 413 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 414 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 415 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 416 goto done; 417 } 418 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 419 } 420 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 421 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 422 if (o.info_sector) 423 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 424 if (o.backup_sector) 425 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 426 bss = 1; 427 bname = NULL; 428 fd1 = -1; 429 if (o.bootstrap) { 430 bname = o.bootstrap; 431 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 432 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 433 bname = buf; 434 } 435 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 436 warn("%s", bname); 437 goto done; 438 } 439 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 440 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 441 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 442 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 443 goto done; 444 } 445 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 446 } 447 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 448 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 449 if (!fat) { 450 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 451 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 452 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 453 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 454 bpb.bpbFATs + 455 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 456 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 457 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 458 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 459 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 460 fat = 12; 461 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 462 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 463 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 464 bpb.bpbFATs + 465 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 466 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 467 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 468 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 469 fat = 16; 470 else 471 fat = 32; 472 } 473 x = bss; 474 if (fat == 32) { 475 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 476 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 477 warnx("no room for info sector"); 478 goto done; 479 } 480 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 481 } 482 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 483 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 484 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 485 if (x == MAXU16) { 486 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 487 goto done; 488 } 489 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 490 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 491 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 492 goto done; 493 } 494 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 495 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 496 } 497 498 extra_res = 0; 499 alignment = 0; 500 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 501 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 502 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 503 saved_x = x; 504 505 /* 506 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 507 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 508 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 509 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 510 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 511 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 512 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 513 */ 514 do { 515 x = saved_x; 516 if (set_res) 517 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 518 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 519 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 520 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 521 bpb.bpbResSectors); 522 goto done; 523 } 524 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 525 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 526 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 527 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 528 if (set_spc) { 529 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 530 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 531 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 532 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 533 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 534 rds + 535 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 536 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 537 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 538 continue; 539 540 } 541 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 542 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 543 goto done; 544 } 545 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 546 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 547 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 548 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 549 goto done; 550 } 551 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 552 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 553 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 554 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 555 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 556 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 557 if (set_spf) { 558 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 559 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 560 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 561 } 562 if (set_res) { 563 /* attempt to align root directory */ 564 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 565 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 566 if (o.align) 567 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 568 } 569 attempts++; 570 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 571 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 572 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 573 574 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 575 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 576 RESFTE; 577 if (cls > x) 578 cls = x; 579 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 580 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 581 cls); 582 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 583 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 584 mincls(fat)); 585 goto done; 586 } 587 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 588 cls = maxcls(fat); 589 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 590 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 591 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 592 } 593 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 594 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 595 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 596 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 597 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 598 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 599 if (fat == 32) 600 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 601 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 602 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 603 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 604 } 605 if (fat != 32) { 606 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 607 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 608 } 609 print_bpb(&bpb); 610 if (!o.no_create) { 611 if (o.timestamp_set) { 612 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 613 tv.tv_usec = 0; 614 tm = gmtime(&now); 615 } else { 616 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 617 now = tv.tv_sec; 618 tm = localtime(&now); 619 } 620 621 chunksize = getchunksize(); 622 physbuf = malloc(chunksize); 623 if (physbuf == NULL) { 624 warn(NULL); 625 goto done; 626 } 627 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize; 628 img = physbuf; 629 630 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 631 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 632 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 633 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 634#ifdef SIGINFO 635 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 636 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 637 goto done; 638 } 639#endif 640 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 641 if (got_siginfo) { 642 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 643 fname, lsn, 644 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 645 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 646 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 647 got_siginfo = 0; 648 } 649 x = lsn; 650 if (o.bootstrap && 651 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 652 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 653 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 654 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 655 warn("%s", bname); 656 goto done; 657 } 658 } 659 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 660 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 661 warn("%s", bname); 662 goto done; 663 } 664 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 665 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 666 goto done; 667 } 668 } else 669 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 670 if (!lsn || 671 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 672 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 673 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 674 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 675 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 676 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 677 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 678 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 679 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 680 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 681 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 682 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 683 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 684 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 685 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 686 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 687 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 688 if (fat == 32) { 689 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 690 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 691 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 692 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 693 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 694 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 695 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 696 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 697 } 698 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 699 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 700 if (o.volume_id_set) 701 x = o.volume_id; 702 else 703 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 704 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 705 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 706 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 707 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 708 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 709 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 710 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 711 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 712 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 713 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 714 if (!o.bootstrap) { 715 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 716 bs = (struct bs *)img; 717 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 718 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 719 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 720 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 721 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 722 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 723 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 724 } 725 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 726 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 727 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 728 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 729 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 730 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 731 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 732 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 733 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 734 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 735 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 736 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 737 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 738 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 739 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 740 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 741 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 742 de = (struct de *)img; 743 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 744 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 745 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 746 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 747 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 748 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 749 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 750 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 751 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 752 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 753 } 754 /* 755 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected 756 * enough sectors. 757 */ 758 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 759 if (img >= physbuf_end) { 760 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize); 761 if (n != chunksize) { 762 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 763 goto done; 764 } 765 img = physbuf; 766 } 767 } 768 /* 769 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end 770 * up filling a whole chunk. 771 */ 772 if (img != physbuf) { 773 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf; 774 775 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize); 776 if (n != tailsize) { 777 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 778 goto done; 779 } 780 } 781 } 782 rv = 0; 783done: 784 free(physbuf); 785 if (fd != -1) 786 close(fd); 787 if (fd1 != -1) 788 close(fd1); 789 790 return rv; 791} 792 793/* 794 * Get optimal I/O size 795 */ 796static ssize_t 797getchunksize(void) 798{ 799 static int chunksize; 800 801 if (chunksize != 0) 802 return ((ssize_t)chunksize); 803 804#ifdef KERN_MAXPHYS 805 int mib[2]; 806 size_t len; 807 808 mib[0] = CTL_KERN; 809 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS; 810 len = sizeof(chunksize); 811 812 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) { 813 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS); 814 chunksize = 0; 815 } 816#endif 817 if (chunksize == 0) 818 chunksize = MAXPHYS; 819 820 /* 821 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of 822 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 823 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of 824 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the 825 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS. 826 */ 827 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2"); 828 assert(powerof2(chunksize)); 829 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS); 830 831 return ((ssize_t)chunksize); 832} 833 834/* 835 * Get a standard format. 836 */ 837static int 838getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 839{ 840 u_int x, i; 841 842 x = nitems(stdfmt); 843 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 844 if (i == x) { 845 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 846 return -1; 847 } 848 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 849 return 0; 850} 851 852static void 853compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp) 854{ 855 struct stat st; 856 off_t ms; 857 858 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 859 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 860 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) 861 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname); 862 ms = st.st_size; 863 lp->d_secsize = 512; 864 lp->d_nsectors = 63; 865 lp->d_ntracks = 255; 866 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize; 867} 868 869/* 870 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 871 */ 872#if defined(__linux__) 873static int 874getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 875 struct bpb *bpb) 876{ 877 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) == -1) { 878 err(1, "ioctl(BLKSSZGET) for bytes/sector failed"); 879 } 880 881 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, "bytes/sector") == -1) return -1; 882 883 u_int64_t device_size; 884 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &device_size) == -1) { 885 err(1, "ioctl(BLKGETSIZE64) failed"); 886 } 887 888 u_int64_t sectors = device_size/bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 889 if (sectors > UINT_MAX) { 890 err(1, "too many sectors: %"PRIu64" (%"PRId64" byte device, %u bytes/sector)", 891 sectors, device_size, bpb->bpbBytesPerSec); 892 } 893 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = sectors; 894 895 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = 63; 896 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, "sectors/track") == -1) return -1; 897 898 bpb->bpbHeads = 64; 899 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbHeads, "drive heads") == -1) return -1; 900 return 0; 901} 902#else 903static int 904getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, /* __unused */ int oflag, 905 struct bpb *bpb) 906{ 907 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 908 off_t hs = 0; 909#ifndef MAKEFS 910 off_t ms; 911 struct fd_type type; 912 913 lp = NULL; 914 915 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 916 if (dtype != NULL) { 917 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 918 } 919 920 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 921 if (lp == NULL) { 922 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 923 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 924 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 925 lp = &dlp; 926 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 927 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 928 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 929 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 930 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 931 lp = &dlp; 932 } 933 } 934 935 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 936 if (lp == NULL) { 937 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 938 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 939 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 940 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 941 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 942 943 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 944 945 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 946 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 947 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 948 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 949 } 950 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 951 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 952 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 953 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 954 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 955 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 956 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 957 else 958 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 959 } 960 961 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 962 lp = &dlp; 963 } 964#else 965 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */ 966 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 967 lp = &dlp; 968#endif 969 970 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 971 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 972 return -1; 973 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 974 } 975 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 976 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 977 return -1; 978 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 979 } 980 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 981 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 982 return -1; 983 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 984 } 985 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 986 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 987 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 988 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 989 return 0; 990} 991#endif 992/* 993 * Print out BPB values. 994 */ 995static void 996print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 997{ 998 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 999 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 1000 bpb->bpbFATs); 1001 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 1002 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 1003 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 1004 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 1005 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 1006 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 1007 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 1008 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 1009 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 1010 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 1011 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 1012 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 1013 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 1014 bpb->bpbRootClust); 1015 printf(" FSInfo="); 1016 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 1017 printf(" Backup="); 1018 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 1019 } 1020 printf("\n"); 1021} 1022 1023/* 1024 * Check a disk geometry value. 1025 */ 1026static int 1027ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 1028{ 1029 if (!val) { 1030 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 1031 return -1; 1032 } 1033 if (val > MAXU16) { 1034 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 1035 return -1; 1036 } 1037 return 0; 1038} 1039 1040/* 1041 * Check a volume label. 1042 */ 1043static int 1044oklabel(const char *src) 1045{ 1046 int c, i; 1047 1048 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1049 c = (u_char)*src++; 1050 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1051 break; 1052 } 1053 return i && !c; 1054} 1055 1056/* 1057 * Make a volume label. 1058 */ 1059static void 1060mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1061{ 1062 int c, i; 1063 1064 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1065 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1066 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1067 } 1068} 1069 1070/* 1071 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1072 */ 1073static void 1074setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1075{ 1076 while (len--) 1077 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1078} 1079 1080static void 1081infohandler(int sig /* __unused */) 1082{ 1083 1084 got_siginfo = 1; 1085} 1086