xref: /kernel/linux/linux-6.6/Documentation/admin-guide/media/ivtv.rst

.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

The ivtv driver
===============

Author: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl>

This is a v4l2 device driver for the Conexant cx23415/6 MPEG encoder/decoder.
The cx23415 can do both encoding and decoding, the cx23416 can only do MPEG
encoding. Currently the only card featuring full decoding support is the
Hauppauge PVR-350.

.. note::

   #) This driver requires the latest encoder firmware (version 2.06.039, size
      376836 bytes). Get the firmware from here:

      https://linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/#conexant

   #) 'normal' TV applications do not work with this driver, you need
      an application that can handle MPEG input such as mplayer, xine, MythTV,
      etc.

The primary goal of the IVTV project is to provide a "clean room" Linux
Open Source driver implementation for video capture cards based on the
iCompression iTVC15 or Conexant CX23415/CX23416 MPEG Codec.

Features
--------

 * Hardware mpeg2 capture of broadcast video (and sound) via the tuner or
   S-Video/Composite and audio line-in.
 * Hardware mpeg2 capture of FM radio where hardware support exists
 * Supports NTSC, PAL, SECAM with stereo sound
 * Supports SAP and bilingual transmissions.
 * Supports raw VBI (closed captions and teletext).
 * Supports sliced VBI (closed captions and teletext) and is able to insert
   this into the captured MPEG stream.
 * Supports raw YUV and PCM input.

Additional features for the PVR-350 (CX23415 based)
---------------------------------------------------

 * Provides hardware mpeg2 playback
 * Provides comprehensive OSD (On Screen Display: ie. graphics overlaying the
   video signal)
 * Provides a framebuffer (allowing X applications to appear on the video
   device)
 * Supports raw YUV output.

IMPORTANT: In case of problems first read this page:
	https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Install_IVTV_Troubleshooting

See also
--------

https://linuxtv.org

IRC
---

irc://irc.freenode.net/#v4l

----------------------------------------------------------

Devices
-------

A maximum of 12 ivtv boards are allowed at the moment.

Cards that don't have a video output capability (i.e. non PVR350 cards)
lack the vbi8, vbi16, video16 and video48 devices. They also do not
support the framebuffer device /dev/fbx for OSD.

The radio0 device may or may not be present, depending on whether the
card has a radio tuner or not.

Here is a list of the base v4l devices:

.. code-block:: none

	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81,   0 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/video0
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81,  16 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/video16
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81,  24 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/video24
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81,  32 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/video32
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81,  48 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/video48
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81,  64 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/radio0
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81, 224 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/vbi0
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81, 228 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/vbi8
	crw-rw----    1 root     video     81, 232 Jun 19 22:22 /dev/vbi16

Base devices
------------

For every extra card you have the numbers increased by one. For example,
/dev/video0 is listed as the 'base' encoding capture device so we have:

- /dev/video0  is the encoding capture device for the first card (card 0)
- /dev/video1  is the encoding capture device for the second card (card 1)
- /dev/video2  is the encoding capture device for the third card (card 2)

Note that if the first card doesn't have a feature (eg no decoder, so no
video16, the second card will still use video17. The simple rule is 'add
the card number to the base device number'. If you have other capture
cards (e.g. WinTV PCI) that are detected first, then you have to tell
the ivtv module about it so that it will start counting at 1 (or 2, or
whatever). Otherwise the device numbers can get confusing. The ivtv
'ivtv_first_minor' module option can be used for that.


- /dev/video0

  The encoding capture device(s).

  Read-only.

  Reading from this device gets you the MPEG1/2 program stream.
  Example:

  .. code-block:: none

	cat /dev/video0 > my.mpg (you need to hit ctrl-c to exit)


- /dev/video16

  The decoder output device(s)

  Write-only. Only present if the MPEG decoder (i.e. CX23415) exists.

  An mpeg2 stream sent to this device will appear on the selected video
  display, audio will appear on the line-out/audio out.  It is only
  available for cards that support video out. Example:

  .. code-block:: none

	cat my.mpg >/dev/video16


- /dev/video24

  The raw audio capture device(s).

  Read-only

  The raw audio PCM stereo stream from the currently selected
  tuner or audio line-in.  Reading from this device results in a raw
  (signed 16 bit Little Endian, 48000 Hz, stereo pcm) capture.
  This device only captures audio. This should be replaced by an ALSA
  device in the future.
  Note that there is no corresponding raw audio output device, this is
  not supported in the decoder firmware.


- /dev/video32

  The raw video capture device(s)

  Read-only

  The raw YUV video output from the current video input. The YUV format
  is a 16x16 linear tiled NV12 format (V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_16L16)

  Note that the YUV and PCM streams are not synchronized, so they are of
  limited use.


- /dev/video48

  The raw video display device(s)

  Write-only. Only present if the MPEG decoder (i.e. CX23415) exists.

  Writes a YUV stream to the decoder of the card.


- /dev/radio0

  The radio tuner device(s)

  Cannot be read or written.

  Used to enable the radio tuner and tune to a frequency. You cannot
  read or write audio streams with this device.  Once you use this
  device to tune the radio, use /dev/video24 to read the raw pcm stream
  or /dev/video0 to get an mpeg2 stream with black video.


- /dev/vbi0

  The 'vertical blank interval' (Teletext, CC, WSS etc) capture device(s)

  Read-only

  Captures the raw (or sliced) video data sent during the Vertical Blank
  Interval. This data is used to encode teletext, closed captions, VPS,
  widescreen signalling, electronic program guide information, and other
  services.


- /dev/vbi8

  Processed vbi feedback device(s)

  Read-only. Only present if the MPEG decoder (i.e. CX23415) exists.

  The sliced VBI data embedded in an MPEG stream is reproduced on this
  device. So while playing back a recording on /dev/video16, you can
  read the embedded VBI data from /dev/vbi8.


- /dev/vbi16

  The vbi 'display' device(s)

  Write-only. Only present if the MPEG decoder (i.e. CX23415) exists.

  Can be used to send sliced VBI data to the video-out connector.