18c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ciChinese translated version of Documentation/dev-tools/sparse.rst
28c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
38c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ciIf you have any comment or update to the content, please contact the
48c2ecf20Sopenharmony_cioriginal document maintainer directly.  However, if you have a problem
58c2ecf20Sopenharmony_cicommunicating in English you can also ask the Chinese maintainer for
68c2ecf20Sopenharmony_cihelp.  Contact the Chinese maintainer if this translation is outdated
78c2ecf20Sopenharmony_cior if there is a problem with the translation.
88c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
98c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ciChinese maintainer: Li Yang <leoyang.li@nxp.com>
108c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci---------------------------------------------------------------------
118c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ciDocumentation/dev-tools/sparse.rst 的中文翻译
128c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
138c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci如果想评论或更新本文的内容,请直接联系原文档的维护者。如果你使用英文
148c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci交流有困难的话,也可以向中文版维护者求助。如果本翻译更新不及时或者翻
158c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci译存在问题,请联系中文版维护者。
168c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
178c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci中文版维护者: 李阳  Li Yang <leoyang.li@nxp.com>
188c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci中文版翻译者: 李阳  Li Yang <leoyang.li@nxp.com>
198c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
208c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
218c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci以下为正文
228c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci---------------------------------------------------------------------
238c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
248c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ciCopyright 2004 Linus Torvalds
258c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ciCopyright 2004 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
268c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ciCopyright 2006 Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com>
278c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
288c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci使用 sparse 工具做类型检查
298c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
308c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
318c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci"__bitwise" 是一种类型属性,所以你应该这样使用它:
328c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
338c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci        typedef int __bitwise pm_request_t;
348c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
358c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci        enum pm_request {
368c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci                PM_SUSPEND = (__force pm_request_t) 1,
378c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci                PM_RESUME = (__force pm_request_t) 2
388c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci        };
398c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
408c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci这样会使 PM_SUSPEND 和 PM_RESUME 成为位方式(bitwise)整数(使用"__force"
418c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci是因为 sparse 会抱怨改变位方式的类型转换,但是这里我们确实需要强制进行转
428c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci换)。而且因为所有枚举值都使用了相同的类型,这里的"enum pm_request"也将
438c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci会使用那个类型做为底层实现。
448c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
458c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci而且使用 gcc 编译的时候,所有的 __bitwise/__force 都会消失,最后在 gcc
468c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci看来它们只不过是普通的整数。
478c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
488c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci坦白来说,你并不需要使用枚举类型。上面那些实际都可以浓缩成一个特殊的"int
498c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci__bitwise"类型。
508c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
518c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci所以更简单的办法只要这样做:
528c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
538c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci	typedef int __bitwise pm_request_t;
548c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
558c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci	#define PM_SUSPEND ((__force pm_request_t) 1)
568c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci	#define PM_RESUME ((__force pm_request_t) 2)
578c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
588c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci现在你就有了严格的类型检查所需要的所有基础架构。
598c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
608c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci一个小提醒:常数整数"0"是特殊的。你可以直接把常数零当作位方式整数使用而
618c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci不用担心 sparse 会抱怨。这是因为"bitwise"(恰如其名)是用来确保不同位方
628c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci式类型不会被弄混(小尾模式,大尾模式,cpu尾模式,或者其他),对他们来说
638c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci常数"0"确实是特殊的。
648c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
658c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci获取 sparse 工具
668c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
678c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
688c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci你可以从 Sparse 的主页获取最新的发布版本:
698c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
708c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci	http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/josh/sparse/
718c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
728c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci或者,你也可以使用 git 克隆最新的 sparse 开发版本:
738c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
748c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/josh/sparse.git
758c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
768c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci一旦你下载了源码,只要以普通用户身份运行:
778c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
788c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci	make
798c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci	make install
808c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
818c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci它将会被自动安装到你的 ~/bin 目录下。
828c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
838c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci使用 sparse 工具
848c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
858c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
868c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci用"make C=1"命令来编译内核,会对所有重新编译的 C 文件使用 sparse 工具。
878c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci或者使用"make C=2"命令,无论文件是否被重新编译都会对其使用 sparse 工具。
888c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci如果你已经编译了内核,用后一种方式可以很快地检查整个源码树。
898c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci
908c2ecf20Sopenharmony_cimake 的可选变量 CHECKFLAGS 可以用来向 sparse 工具传递参数。编译系统会自
918c2ecf20Sopenharmony_ci动向 sparse 工具传递 -Wbitwise 参数。
92