xref: /kernel/linux/linux-5.10/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/graph.txt

Common bindings for device graphs

General concept
---------------

The hierarchical organisation of the device tree is well suited to describe
control flow to devices, but there can be more complex connections between
devices that work together to form a logical compound device, following an
arbitrarily complex graph.
There already is a simple directed graph between devices tree nodes using
phandle properties pointing to other nodes to describe connections that
can not be inferred from device tree parent-child relationships. The device
tree graph bindings described herein abstract more complex devices that can
have multiple specifiable ports, each of which can be linked to one or more
ports of other devices.

These common bindings do not contain any information about the direction or
type of the connections, they just map their existence. Specific properties
may be described by specialized bindings depending on the type of connection.

To see how this binding applies to video pipelines, for example, see
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/video-interfaces.txt.
Here the ports describe data interfaces, and the links between them are
the connecting data buses. A single port with multiple connections can
correspond to multiple devices being connected to the same physical bus.

Organisation of ports and endpoints
-----------------------------------

Ports are described by child 'port' nodes contained in the device node.
Each port node contains an 'endpoint' subnode for each remote device port
connected to this port. If a single port is connected to more than one
remote device, an 'endpoint' child node must be provided for each link.
If more than one port is present in a device node or there is more than one
endpoint at a port, or a port node needs to be associated with a selected
hardware interface, a common scheme using '#address-cells', '#size-cells'
and 'reg' properties is used to number the nodes.

device {
        ...
        #address-cells = <1>;
        #size-cells = <0>;

        port@0 {
	        #address-cells = <1>;
	        #size-cells = <0>;
		reg = <0>;

                endpoint@0 {
			reg = <0>;
			...
		};
                endpoint@1 {
			reg = <1>;
			...
		};
        };

        port@1 {
		reg = <1>;

		endpoint { ... };
	};
};

All 'port' nodes can be grouped under an optional 'ports' node, which
allows to specify #address-cells, #size-cells properties for the 'port'
nodes independently from any other child device nodes a device might
have.

device {
        ...
        ports {
                #address-cells = <1>;
                #size-cells = <0>;

                port@0 {
                        ...
                        endpoint@0 { ... };
                        endpoint@1 { ... };
                };

                port@1 { ... };
        };
};

Links between endpoints
-----------------------

Each endpoint should contain a 'remote-endpoint' phandle property that points
to the corresponding endpoint in the port of the remote device. In turn, the
remote endpoint should contain a 'remote-endpoint' property. If it has one, it
must not point to anything other than the local endpoint. Two endpoints with
their 'remote-endpoint' phandles pointing at each other form a link between the
containing ports.

device-1 {
        port {
                device_1_output: endpoint {
                        remote-endpoint = <&device_2_input>;
                };
        };
};

device-2 {
        port {
                device_2_input: endpoint {
                        remote-endpoint = <&device_1_output>;
                };
        };
};

Required properties
-------------------

If there is more than one 'port' or more than one 'endpoint' node or 'reg'
property present in the port and/or endpoint nodes then the following
properties are required in a relevant parent node:

 - #address-cells : number of cells required to define port/endpoint
                    identifier, should be 1.
 - #size-cells    : should be zero.

Optional endpoint properties
----------------------------

- remote-endpoint: phandle to an 'endpoint' subnode of a remote device node.