1e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci# UART
2e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
3e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 概述
4e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
5e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 功能简介
6e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
7e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART指异步收发传输器(Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter),是通用串行数据总线,用于异步通信。该总线双向通信,可以实现全双工传输。
8e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
9e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci两个UART设备的连接示意图如下,UART与其他模块一般用2线(图1)或4线(图2)相连,它们分别是:
10e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
11e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- TX:发送数据端,和对端的RX相连。
12e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
13e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- RX:接收数据端,和对端的TX相连。
14e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
15e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- RTS:发送请求信号,用于指示本设备是否准备好,可接受数据,和对端CTS相连。
16e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
17e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- CTS:允许发送信号,用于判断是否可以向对端发送数据,和对端RTS相连。
18e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
19e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**图 1** 2线UART设备连接示意图
20e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
21e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci![2线UART设备连接示意图](figures/2线UART设备连接示意图.png)
22e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
23e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**图 2** 4线UART设备连接示意图
24e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
25e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci![4线UART设备连接示意图](figures/4线UART设备连接示意图.png)
26e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
27e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART通信之前,收发双方需要约定好一些参数:波特率、数据格式(起始位、数据位、校验位、停止位)等。通信过程中,UART通过TX发送给对端数据,通过RX接收对端发送的数据。当UART接收缓存达到预定的门限值时,RTS变为不可发送数据,对端的CTS检测到不可发送数据,则停止发送数据。
28e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
29e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART接口定义了操作UART端口的通用方法集合,包括:
30e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
31e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 打开/关闭UART设备
32e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
33e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 读写数据
34e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
35e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 设置/获取UART设备波特率
36e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
37e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 设置/获取UART设备属性
38e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
39e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 基本概念
40e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
41e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 异步通信
42e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
43e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    异步通信中,数据通常以字符或者字节为单位组成字符帧传送。字符帧由发送端逐帧发送,通过传输线被接收设备逐帧接收。发送端和接收端可以由各自的时钟来控制数据的发送和接收,这两个时钟源彼此独立,互不同步。异步通信以一个字符为传输单位,通信中两个字符间的时间间隔是不固定的,然而在同一个字符中的两个相邻位代码间的时间间隔是固定的。
44e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
45e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 全双工传输(Full Duplex)
46e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
47e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    此通信模式允许数据在两个方向上同时传输,它在能力上相当于两个单工通信方式的结合。全双工可以同时进行信号的双向传输。
48e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
49e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 运作机制
50e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
51e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci在HDF框架中,UART接口适配模式采用独立服务模式(如图3所示)。在这种模式下,每一个设备对象会独立发布一个设备服务来处理外部访问,设备管理器收到API的访问请求之后,通过提取该请求的参数,达到调用实际设备对象的相应内部方法的目的。独立服务模式可以直接借助HDF设备管理器的服务管理能力,但需要为每个设备单独配置设备节点,增加内存占用。
52e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
53e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci独立服务模式下,核心层不会统一发布一个服务供上层使用,因此这种模式下驱动要为每个控制器发布一个服务,具体表现为:
54e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
55e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 驱动适配者需要实现HdfDriverEntry的Bind钩子函数以绑定服务。
56e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
57e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- device_info.hcs文件中deviceNode的policy字段为1或2,不能为0。
58e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
59e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART模块各分层作用:
60e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
61e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 接口层提供打开UART设备、UART设备读取指定长度数据、UART设备写入指定长度数据、设置UART设备波特率、获取设UART设备波特率、设置UART设备属性、获取UART设备波特率、设置UART设备传输模式、关闭UART设备的接口。
62e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
63e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 核心层主要提供UART控制器的创建、移除以及管理的能力,通过钩子函数与适配层交互。
64e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
65e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 适配层主要是将钩子函数的功能实例化,实现具体的功能。
66e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
67e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**图 3** UART独立服务模式结构图
68e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
69e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci![UART独立服务模式结构图](figures/独立服务模式结构图.png)
70e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
71e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 约束与限制
72e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
73e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART模块UartSetTransMode接口设置传输模式在Linux中不支持,仅为空实现。
74e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
75e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 使用指导
76e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
77e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 场景介绍
78e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
79e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART模块应用比较广泛,主要用于实现设备之间的低速串行通信,例如输出打印信息,当然也可以外接各种模块,如GPS、蓝牙等。
80e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
81e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 接口说明
82e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
83e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART模块提供的主要接口如表1所示,具体API详见//drivers/hdf_core/framework/include/platform/uart_if.h84e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
85e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 1** UART驱动API接口功能介绍
86e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
87e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 接口名 | 接口描述 |
88e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
89e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| DevHandle UartOpen(uint32_t port) | UART获取设备句柄 |
90e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| void UartClose(DevHandle handle) | UART释放设备句柄 |
91e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| int32_t UartRead(DevHandle handle, uint8_t \*data, uint32_t size) | 从UART设备中读取指定长度的数据 |
92e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| int32_t UartWrite(DevHandle handle, uint8_t \*data, uint32_t size) | 向UART设备中写入指定长度的数据 |
93e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| int32_t UartGetBaud(DevHandle handle, uint32_t \*baudRate) | UART获取波特率 |
94e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| int32_t UartSetBaud(DevHandle handle, uint32_t baudRate) | UART设置波特率 |
95e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| int32_t UartGetAttribute(DevHandle handle, struct UartAttribute \*attribute) | UART获取设备属性 |
96e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| int32_t UartSetAttribute(DevHandle handle, struct UartAttribute \*attribute) | UART设置设备属性 |
97e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| int32_t UartSetTransMode(DevHandle handle, enum UartTransMode mode) | UART设置传输模式 |
98e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
99e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> ![icon-note.gif](public_sys-resources/icon-note.gif) **说明:**<br>
100e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> 本文涉及的UART所有接口,支持内核态及用户态使用。
101e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
102e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 开发步骤
103e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
104e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci使用UART的一般流程如下图所示。
105e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
106e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**图 4** UART使用流程图
107e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
108e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci![UART使用流程图](figures/UART使用流程图.png)
109e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
110e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
111e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### 获取UART设备句柄
112e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
113e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci在使用UART进行通信时,首先要调用UartOpen获取UART设备句柄,该函数会返回指定端口号的UART设备句柄。
114e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
115e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
116e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciDevHandle UartOpen(uint32_t port);
117e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
118e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
119e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 2** UartOpen参数和返回值描述
120e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
121e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
122e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
123e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| port | uint32_t类型,UART设备号 |
124e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
125e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| NULL | 获取UART设备句柄失败 |
126e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 设备句柄 | UART设备句柄 |
127e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
128e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci假设系统中的UART端口号为1,获取该UART设备句柄的示例如下:
129e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
130e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
131e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciDevHandle handle = NULL;    // UART设备句柄
132e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciuint32_t port = 1;          // UART设备端口号
133e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
134e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cihandle = UartOpen(port);
135e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (handle == NULL) {
136e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartOpen: open uart_%u failed!\n", port);
137e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    return;
138e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
139e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
140e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
141e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### UART设置波特率
142e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
143e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci在通信之前,需要设置UART的波特率,设置波特率的函数如下所示:
144e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
145e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
146e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t UartSetBaud(DevHandle handle, uint32_t baudRate);
147e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
148e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
149e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 3** UartSetBaud参数和返回值描述
150e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
151e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
152e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
153e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | DevHandle类型,UART设备句柄 |
154e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| baudRate | uint32_t类型,待设置的波特率值 |
155e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
156e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| HDF_SUCCESS | UART设置波特率成功 |
157e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 负数 | UART设置波特率失败 |
158e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
159e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci假设需要设置的UART波特率为9600,设置波特率的实例如下:
160e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
161e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
162e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t ret;
163e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
164e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciret = UartSetBaud(handle, 9600);    // 设置UART波特率
165e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
166e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartSetBaud: failed, ret %d\n", ret);
167e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    return ret;
168e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
169e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
170e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
171e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### UART获取波特率
172e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
173e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci设置UART的波特率后,可以通过获取波特率接口来查看UART当前的波特率,获取波特率的函数如下所示:
174e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
175e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
176e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t UartGetBaud(DevHandle handle, uint32_t *baudRate);
177e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
178e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
179e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 4** UartGetBaud参数和返回值描述
180e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
181e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
182e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
183e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | DevHandle类型,UART设备句柄 |
184e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| baudRate | uint32_t类型指针,用于接收波特率的值 |
185e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
186e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| HDF_SUCCESS | UART获取波特率成功 |
187e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 负数 | UART获取波特率失败 |
188e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
189e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci获取波特率的实例如下:
190e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
191e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
192e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t ret;
193e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciuint32_t baudRate;
194e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
195e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciret = UartGetBaud(handle, &baudRate);    // 获取UART波特率
196e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
197e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartGetBaud: failed, ret %d\n", ret);
198e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    return ret;
199e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
200e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
201e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
202e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### UART设置设备属性
203e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
204e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci在通信之前,需要设置UART的设备属性,设置设备属性的函数如下所示:
205e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
206e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
207e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t UartSetAttribute(DevHandle handle, struct UartAttribute *attribute);
208e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
209e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
210e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 5** UartSetAttribute参数和返回值描述
211e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
212e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
213e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
214e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | DevHandle类型,UART设备句柄 |
215e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| attribute | 结构体指针,待设置的设备属性 |
216e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
217e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| HDF_SUCCESS | UART设置设备属性成功 |
218e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 负数 | UART设置设备属性失败 |
219e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
220e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci设置UART的设备属性的实例如下:
221e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
222e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
223e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t ret;
224e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct UartAttribute attribute;
225e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
226e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciattribute.dataBits = UART_ATTR_DATABIT_7;     // UART传输数据位宽,一次传输7个bit
227e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciattribute.parity = UART_ATTR_PARITY_NONE;     // UART传输数据无校检
228e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciattribute.stopBits = UART_ATTR_STOPBIT_1;     // UART传输数据停止位为1位
229e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciattribute.rts = UART_ATTR_RTS_DIS;            // UART禁用RTS
230e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciattribute.cts = UART_ATTR_CTS_DIS;            // UART禁用CTS
231e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciattribute.fifoRxEn = UART_ATTR_RX_FIFO_EN;    // UART使能RX FIFO
232e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciattribute.fifoTxEn = UART_ATTR_TX_FIFO_EN;    // UART使能TX FIFO
233e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
234e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciret = UartSetAttribute(handle, &attribute);   // 设置UART设备属性
235e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
236e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartSetAttribute: failed, ret %d\n", ret);
237e41f4b71Sopenharmony_citurn ret;
238e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
239e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
240e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
241e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### UART获取设备属性
242e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
243e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci设置UART的设备属性后,可以通过获取设备属性接口来查看UART当前的设备属性,获取设备属性的函数如下所示:
244e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
245e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
246e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t UartGetAttribute(DevHandle handle, struct UartAttribute *attribute);
247e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
248e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
249e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 6** UartGetAttribute参数和返回值描述
250e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
251e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
252e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
253e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | DevHandle类型,UART设备句柄 |
254e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| attribute | 结构体指针,接收UART设备属性的指针 |
255e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
256e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| HDF_SUCCESS | UART获取设备属性成功 |
257e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 负数 | UART获取设备属性失败 |
258e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
259e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci获取UART的设备属性的实例如下:
260e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
261e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
262e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t ret;
263e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct UartAttribute attribute;
264e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
265e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciret = UartGetAttribute(handle, &attribute);    // 获取UART设备属性
266e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
267e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartGetAttribute: failed, ret %d\n", ret);
268e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    return ret;
269e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
270e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
271e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
272e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### 设置UART传输模式
273e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
274e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci在通信之前,需要设置UART的传输模式,设置传输模式的函数如下所示:
275e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
276e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
277e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t UartSetTransMode(DevHandle handle, enum UartTransMode mode);
278e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
279e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
280e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 7** UartSetTransMode参数和返回值描述
281e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
282e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
283e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
284e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | DevHandle类型,UART设备句柄 |
285e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| mode | 枚举类型,待设置的传输模式 |
286e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
287e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| HDF_SUCCESS | UART设置传输模式成功 |
288e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 负数 | UART设置传输模式失败 |
289e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
290e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci假设需要设置的UART传输模式为UART_MODE_RD_BLOCK,设置传输模式的实例如下:
291e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
292e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
293e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t ret;
294e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
295e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciret = UartSetTransMode(handle, UART_MODE_RD_BLOCK);    // 设置UART传输模式
296e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
297e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartSetTransMode: failed, ret %d\n", ret);
298e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    return ret;
299e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
300e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
301e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
302e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### 向UART设备写入指定长度的数据
303e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
304e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci对应的接口函数如下所示:
305e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
306e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
307e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t UartWrite(DevHandle handle, uint8_t *data, uint32_t size);
308e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
309e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
310e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 8** UartWrite参数和返回值描述
311e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
312e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
313e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
314e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | DevHandle类型,UART设备句柄 |
315e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| data | uint8_t类型指针,待写入数据的 |
316e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| size | uint32_t类型,待写入数据的长度 |
317e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
318e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| HDF_SUCCESS | UART写数据成功 |
319e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 负数 | UART写数据失败 |
320e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
321e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci写入指定长度数据的实例如下:
322e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
323e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
324e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t ret;
325e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciuint8_t wbuff[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
326e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
327e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciret = UartWrite(handle, wbuff, 5);    // 向UART设备写入指定长度的数据
328e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
329e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartWrite: failed, ret %d\n", ret);
330e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    return ret;
331e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
332e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
333e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
334e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### 从UART设备中读取指定长度的数据
335e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
336e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci对应的接口函数如下所示:
337e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
338e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
339e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t UartRead(DevHandle handle, uint8_t *data, uint32_t size);
340e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
341e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
342e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 9** UartRead参数和返回值描述
343e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
344e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
345e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
346e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | DevHandle类型,UART设备句柄 |
347e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| data | uint8_t类型指针,接收读取数据 |
348e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| size | uint32_t类型,待读取数据的长度 |
349e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| **返回值** | **返回值描述** |
350e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 非负数 | UART读取到的数据长度 |
351e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 负数 | UART读取数据失败 |
352e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
353e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci读取指定长度数据的实例如下:
354e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
355e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
356e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciint32_t ret;
357e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciuint8_t rbuff[5] = {0};
358e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
359e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciret = UartRead(handle, rbuff, 5);    // 从UART设备读取指定长度的数据
360e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciif (ret < 0) {
361e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGE("UartRead: failed, ret %d\n", ret);
362e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci	return ret;
363e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
364e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
365e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
366e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> ![icon-caution.gif](public_sys-resources/icon-caution.gif) **注意:**
367e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> UART返回值为非负值,表示UART读取成功。若返回值等于0,表示UART无有效数据可以读取。若返回值大于0,表示实际读取到的数据长度,该长度小于或等于传入的参数size的大小,并且不超过当前正在使用的UART控制器规定的最大单次读取数据长度的值。
368e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
369e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
370e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#### 销毁UART设备句柄
371e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
372e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUART通信完成之后,需要销毁UART设备句柄,函数如下所示:
373e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
374e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
375e41f4b71Sopenharmony_civoid UartClose(DevHandle handle);
376e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
377e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
378e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci该函数会释放申请的资源。
379e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
380e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**表 10** UartClose参数和返回值描述
381e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
382e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 参数 | 参数描述 |
383e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| -------- | -------- |
384e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| handle | UART设备句柄 |
385e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
386e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci销毁UART设备句柄的实例如下:
387e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
388e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
389e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciUartClose(handle);    // 销毁UART设备句柄
390e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
391e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
392e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 使用实例
393e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
394e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci下面将基于Hi3516DV300开发板展示使用UART完整操作,步骤主要如下:
395e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
396e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci1. 传入UART端口号num,打开端口号对应的UART设备并获得UART设备句柄。
397e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
398e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci2. 通过UART设备句柄及设置的波特率,设置UART设备的波特率。
399e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
400e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci3. 通过UART设备句柄及待获取的波特率,获取UART设备的波特率。
401e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
402e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci4. 通过UART设备句柄及待设置的设备属性,设置UART设备的设备属性。
403e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
404e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci5. 通过UART设备句柄及待获取的设备属性,获取UART设备的设备属性。
405e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
406e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci6. 通过UART设备句柄及待设置的传输模式,设置UART设备的传输模式。
407e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
408e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci7. 通过UART设备句柄及待传输的数据及大小,传输指定长度的数据。
409e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
410e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci8. 通过UART设备句柄及待接收的数据及大小,接收指定长度的数据。
411e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
412e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci9. 通过UART设备句柄,关闭UART设备。
413e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
414e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```c
415e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#include "hdf_log.h"
416e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci#include "uart_if.h"
417e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
418e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistatic int32_t UartTestSample(void)
419e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci{
420e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    int32_t ret;
421e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    uint32_t port;
422e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    uint32_t baud;
423e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    DevHandle handle = NULL;
424e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    uint8_t wbuff[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
425e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    uint8_t rbuff[5] = { 0 };
426e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    struct UartAttribute attribute;
427e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
428e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    attribute.dataBits = UART_ATTR_DATABIT_7;                  // UART传输数据位宽,一次传输7个bit
429e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    attribute.parity = UART_ATTR_PARITY_NONE;                  // UART传输数据无校检
430e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    attribute.stopBits = UART_ATTR_STOPBIT_1;                  // UART传输数据停止位为1位
431e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    attribute.rts = UART_ATTR_RTS_DIS;                         // UART禁用RTS
432e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    attribute.cts = UART_ATTR_CTS_DIS;                         // UART禁用CTS
433e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    attribute.fifoRxEn = UART_ATTR_RX_FIFO_EN;                 // UART使能RX FIFO
434e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    attribute.fifoTxEn = UART_ATTR_TX_FIFO_EN;                 // UART使能TX FIFO
435e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
436e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    port = 1;                                                  // UART设备端口号,要填写实际平台上的端口号
437e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
438e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    handle = UartOpen(port);                                   // 获取UART设备句柄
439e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (handle == NULL) {
440e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartOpen: open uart_%u failed!\n", port);
441e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        return HDF_FAILURE;
442e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
443e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
444e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ret = UartSetBaud(handle, 9600);                           // 设置UART波特率为9600
445e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
446e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartSetBaud: set baud failed, ret %d\n", ret);
447e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        goto ERR;
448e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
449e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
450e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ret = UartGetBaud(handle, &baud);                          // 获取UART波特率
451e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
452e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartGetBaud: get baud failed, ret %d\n", ret);
453e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        goto ERR;
454e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
455e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
456e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ret = UartSetAttribute(handle, &attribute);                // 设置UART设备属性
457e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
458e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartSetAttribute: set attribute failed, ret %d\n", ret);
459e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        goto ERR;
460e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
461e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
462e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ret = UartGetAttribute(handle, &attribute);                // 获取UART设备属性
463e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
464e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartGetAttribute: get attribute failed, ret %d\n", ret);
465e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        goto ERR;
466e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
467e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
468e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ret = UartSetTransMode(handle, UART_MODE_RD_NONBLOCK);     // 设置UART传输模式为非阻塞模式
469e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
470e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartSetTransMode: set trans mode failed, ret %d\n", ret);
471e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        goto ERR;
472e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
473e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
474e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ret = UartWrite(handle, wbuff, 5);                         // 向UART设备写入5字节的数据
475e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (ret != HDF_SUCCESS) {
476e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartWrite: write data failed, ret %d\n", ret);
477e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        goto ERR;
478e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
479e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
480e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ret = UartRead(handle, rbuff, 5);                          // 从UART设备读取5字节的数据
481e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    if (ret < 0) {
482e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HDF_LOGE("UartRead: read data failed, ret %d\n", ret);
483e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        goto ERR;
484e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
485e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    HDF_LOGI("%s: function tests end, %d", __func__, ret);
486e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciERR:
487e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    UartClose(handle);                                         // 销毁UART设备句柄
488e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    return ret;
489e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
490e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
491