1e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci# @ohos.application.Want (Want)
2e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
3e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciWant是对象间信息传递的载体, 可以用于应用组件间的信息传递。 Want的使用场景之一是作为startAbility的参数, 其包含了指定的启动目标, 以及启动时需携带的相关数据, 如bundleName和abilityName字段分别指明目标Ability所在应用Bundle名称以及对应包内的Ability名称。当Ability A需要启动Ability B并传入一些数据时, 可使用Want作为载体将这些数据传递给Ability B。
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5e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> **说明:**
6e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci>
7e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> 本模块首批接口从API version 8 开始支持,从API version 9废弃,替换模块为[@ohos.app.ability.Want](js-apis-app-ability-want.md)。后续版本的新增接口,采用上角标单独标记接口的起始版本。
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9e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 导入模块
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11e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
12e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciimport Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
13e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
14e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
15e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 属性
16e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
17e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**系统能力**:以下各项对应的系统能力均为SystemCapability.Ability.AbilityBase
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19e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| 名称        | 类型                 | 必填 | 说明                                                         |
20e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| ----------- | -------------------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
21e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| deviceId    | string               | 否   | 表示运行指定Ability的设备ID。如果未设置该字段,则表明指定本设备。                                |
22e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| bundleName   | string               | 否   | 表示Bundle名称。 |
23e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| abilityName  | string               | 否   | 表示待启动的Ability名称。如果在Want中该字段同时指定了BundleName和AbilityName,则Want可以直接匹配到指定的Ability。AbilityName需要在一个应用的范围内保证唯一。 |
24e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| uri          | string               | 否   | 表示Uri描述。如果在Want中指定了Uri,则Want将匹配指定的Uri信息,包括scheme, schemeSpecificPart, authority和path信息。 |
25e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| type         | string               | 否   | 表示MIME type类型描述,打开文件的类型,主要用于文管打开文件。比如:'text/xml' 、 'image/*'等,MIME定义参考:https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml?utm_source=ld246.com。   |
26e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| flags        | number               | 否   | 表示处理Want的方式。默认传数字,具体参考:[flags说明](js-apis-ability-wantConstant.md#flags)。 |
27e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| action      | string               | 否   | 表示要执行的通用操作(如:查看、分享、应用详情)。在隐式Want中,您可以定义该字段,配合uri或parameters来表示对数据要执行的操作。具体参考:[action说明](js-apis-ability-wantConstant.md#action)。隐式Want定义及匹配规则参考:[显式Want与隐式Want匹配规则](../../application-models/explicit-implicit-want-mappings.md)。                           |
28e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| parameters   | { [key: string]: any } | 否   | 表示WantParams描述,由开发者自行决定传入的键值对。默认会携带以下key值:<br>ohos.aafwk.param.callerPid 表示拉起方的pid。<br>ohos.aafwk.param.callerToken 表示拉起方的token。<br>ohos.aafwk.param.callerUid 表示[bundleInfo](js-apis-bundle-BundleInfo.md#bundleinfo)中的uid,应用包里应用程序的uid。<br />- component.startup.newRules:表示是否启用新的管控规则。<br />- moduleName:表示拉起方的模块名,该字段的值即使定义成其他字符串,在传递到另一端时会被修改为正确的值。<br />- ohos.dlp.params.sandbox:表示dlp文件才会有。                                       |
29e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci| entities    | Array\<string>       | 否   | 表示目标Ability额外的类别信息(如:浏览器、视频播放器)。在隐式Want中是对action字段的补充。在隐式Want中,您可以定义该字段,来过滤匹配Ability类型。具体参考:[entity说明](js-apis-ability-wantConstant.md#entity)。                                    |
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31e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci**示例:**
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33e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 基础用法(在UIAbility对象中调用,其中示例中的context为UIAbility的上下文对象)
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35e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ```ts
36e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    import Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
37e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
38e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
39e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    import AbilityConstant from '@ohos.app.ability.AbilityConstant';
40e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
41e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    let want: Want = {
42e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    'deviceId': '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
43e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    'bundleName': 'com.example.myapplication',
44e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    'abilityName': 'EntryAbility',
45e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    };
46e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    class MyAbility extends UIAbility{
47e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam){
48e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        this.context.startAbility(want, (error: BusinessError) => {
49e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        // 显式拉起Ability,通过bundleName、abilityName和moduleName可以唯一确定一个Ability
50e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        console.error(`error.code = ${error.code}`);
51e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        });
52e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
53e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
54e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    ```
55e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
56e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 通过自定字段传递数据, 以下为当前支持类型。(在UIAbility对象中调用,其中示例中的context为UIAbility的上下文对象)
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58e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    * 字符串(String)
59e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```ts
60e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
61e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
62e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        let want: Want = {
63e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
64e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
65e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            parameters: {
66e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForString: 'str',
67e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            },
68e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        };
69e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```
70e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    * 数字(Number)
71e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```ts
72e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
73e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
74e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        let want: Want = {
75e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
76e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
77e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            parameters: {
78e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForInt: 100,
79e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForDouble: 99.99,
80e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            },
81e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        };
82e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```
83e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    * 布尔(Boolean)
84e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```ts
85e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
86e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
87e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        let want: Want = {
88e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
89e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
90e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            parameters: {
91e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForBool: true,
92e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            },
93e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        };
94e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```
95e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    * 对象(Object)
96e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```ts
97e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
98e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
99e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        let want: Want = {
100e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
101e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
102e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            parameters: {
103e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForObject: {
104e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                    keyForObjectString: 'str',
105e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                    keyForObjectInt: -200,
106e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                    keyForObjectDouble: 35.5,
107e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                    keyForObjectBool: false,
108e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                },
109e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            },
110e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        };
111e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```
112e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    * 数组(Array)
113e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```ts
114e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
115e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
116e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        let want: Want = {
117e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
118e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
119e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            parameters: {
120e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForArrayString: ['str1', 'str2', 'str3'],
121e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForArrayInt: [100, 200, 300, 400],
122e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForArrayDouble: [0.1, 0.2],
123e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci                keyForArrayObject: [{obj1: 'aaa'}, {obj2: 100}],
124e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            },
125e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        };
126e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```
127e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    * 文件描述符(FD)
128e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```ts
129e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';
130e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import Want from '@ohos.application.Want';
131e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
132e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import AbilityConstant from '@ohos.app.ability.AbilityConstant';
133e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
134e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
135e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
136e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        let fd: number = 0;
137e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        try {
138e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        fd = fs.openSync('/data/storage/el2/base/haps/pic.png').fd;
139e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        } catch(e) {
140e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        console.error(`openSync fail: ${JSON.stringify(e)}`);
141e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        }
142e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        let want: Want = {
143e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
144e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
145e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
146e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        parameters: {
147e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            'keyFd':{'type':'FD', 'value':fd}
148e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        }
149e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        };
150e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
151e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        class MyAbility extends UIAbility{
152e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam){
153e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            this.context.startAbility(want, (error: BusinessError) => {
154e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            // 显式拉起Ability,通过bundleName、abilityName和moduleName可以唯一确定一个Ability
155e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            console.error(`error.code = ${error.code}`);
156e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci            });
157e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        }
158e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        }
159e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        ```
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