1e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci# \@LocalBuilder装饰器: 维持组件父子关系
2e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
3e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci当开发者使用@Builder做引用数据传递时,会考虑组件的父子关系,使用了bind(this)之后,组件的父子关系和状态管理的父子关系并不一致。为了解决组件的父子关系和状态管理的父子关系保持一致,引入@LocalBuilder装饰器。@LocalBuilder拥有和局部@Builder相同的功能,且比局部@Builder能够更好的确定组件的父子关系和状态管理的父子关系。
4e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
5e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
6e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> **说明:**
7e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci>
8e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> 从API version 12开始支持。
9e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci>
10e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci> 
11e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
12e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 装饰器使用说明
13e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
14e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
15e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 自定义组件内自定义构建函数
16e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
17e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci定义的语法:
18e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
19e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
20e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
21e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@LocalBuilder MyBuilderFunction() { ... }
22e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
23e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
24e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci使用方法:
25e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
26e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
27e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
28e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cithis.MyBuilderFunction()
29e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
30e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
31e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 允许在自定义组件内定义一个或多个@LocalBuilder方法,该方法被认为是该组件的私有、特殊类型的成员函数。
32e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 自定义构建函数可以在所属组件的build方法和其他自定义构建函数中调用,但不允许在组件外调用。
33e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 在自定义函数体中,this指代当前所属组件,组件的状态变量可以在自定义构建函数内访问。建议通过this访问自定义组件的状态变量而不是参数传递。
34e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
35e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 限制条件
36e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
37e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- @LocalBuilder只能在所属组件内声明,不允许全局声明。
38e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
39e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- @LocalBuilder不能被内置装饰器和自定义装饰器使用。
40e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
41e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 自定义组件内的静态方法不能和@LocalBuilder一起使用。
42e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
43e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## @LocalBuilder和局部@Builder使用区别
44e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
45e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Builder方法引用传参时,为了改变this指向,使用bind(this)后,会导致组件的父子关系和状态管理的父子关系不一致,但是@LocalBuilder是否使用bind(this),都不会改变组件的父子关系。[@LocalBuilder和@Builder区别说明](arkts-localBuilder.md#localbuilder和builder区别说明)。
46e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
47e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 参数传递规则
48e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
49e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@LocalBuilder函数的参数传递有[按值传递](#按值传递参数)和[按引用传递](#按引用传递参数)两种,均需遵守以下规则:
50e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
51e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 参数的类型必须与参数声明的类型一致,不允许undefined、null和返回undefined、null的表达式。
52e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
53e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 在@LocalBuilder修饰的函数内部,不允许改变参数值。
54e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
55e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- \@LocalBuilder内UI语法遵循[UI语法规则](arkts-create-custom-components.md#build函数)。
56e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
57e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci- 只有传入一个参数,且参数需要直接传入对象字面量才会按引用传递该参数,其余传递方式均为按值传递。
58e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
59e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
60e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 按引用传递参数
61e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
62e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci按引用传递参数时,传递的参数可为状态变量,且状态变量的改变会引起\@LocalBuilder方法内的UI刷新。
63e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
64e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci使用场景:
65e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
66e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci组件Parent内的@LocalBuilder方法在build函数内调用,按键值对写法进行传值,当点击Click me 时,@LocalBuilder内的Text文本内容会随着状态变量内容的改变而改变。
67e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
68e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
69e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciclass ReferenceType {
70e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  paramString: string = '';
71e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
72e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
73e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Entry
74e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Component
75e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct Parent {
76e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @State variableValue: string = 'Hello World';
77e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
78e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @LocalBuilder
79e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  citeLocalBuilder(params: ReferenceType) {
80e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Row() {
81e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`UseStateVarByReference: ${params.paramString} `)
82e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
83e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  };
84e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
85e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
86e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
87e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      this.citeLocalBuilder({ paramString: this.variableValue });
88e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Button('Click me').onClick(() => {
89e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        this.variableValue = 'Hi World';
90e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      })
91e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
92e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
93e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
94e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
95e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
96e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci按引用传递参数时,如果在\@LocalBuilder方法内调用自定义组件,ArkUI提供[$$](arkts-two-way-sync.md)作为按引用传递参数的范式。
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98e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci使用场景:
99e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
100e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci组件Parent内的@LocalBuilder方法内调用自定义组件,且按照引用传递参数将值传递到自定义组件,当Parent组件内状态变量值发生变化时,@LocalBuilder方法内的自定义组件HelloComponent的message值也会发生变化。
101e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
102e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
103e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciclass ReferenceType {
104e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  paramString: string = '';
105e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
106e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
107e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Component
108e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct HelloComponent {
109e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @Prop message: string;
110e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
111e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
112e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Row() {
113e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`HelloComponent===${this.message}`);
114e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
115e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
116e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
117e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
118e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Entry
119e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Component
120e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct Parent {
121e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @State variableValue: string = 'Hello World';
122e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
123e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @LocalBuilder
124e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  citeLocalBuilder($$: ReferenceType) {
125e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Row() {
126e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Column() {
127e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        Text(`citeLocalBuilder===${$$.paramString}`);
128e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        HelloComponent({ message: $$.paramString });
129e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      }
130e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
131e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
132e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
133e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
134e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
135e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      this.citeLocalBuilder({ paramString: this.variableValue });
136e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Button('Click me').onClick(() => {
137e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        this.variableValue = 'Hi World';
138e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      })
139e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
140e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
141e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
142e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
143e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
144e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
145e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### 按值传递参数
146e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
147e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci调用\@LocalBuilder装饰的函数默认按值传递。当传递的参数为状态变量时,状态变量的改变不会引起\@LocalBuilder方法内的UI刷新。所以当使用状态变量的时候,推荐使用[按引用传递](#按引用传递参数)。
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149e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci使用场景:
150e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
151e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci组件Parent将@State修饰的label值按照函数传参方式传递到@LocalBuilder函数内,此时@LocalBuilder函数获取到的值为普通变量值,所以改变@State修饰的label值时,@LocalBuilder函数内的值不会发生改变。
152e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
153e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
154e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
155e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Entry
156e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Component
157e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct Parent {
158e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @State label: string = 'Hello';
159e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
160e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @LocalBuilder
161e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  citeLocalBuilder(paramA1: string) {
162e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Row() {
163e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`UseStateVarByValue: ${paramA1} `)
164e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
165e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
166e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
167e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
168e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
169e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      this.citeLocalBuilder(this.label);
170e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
171e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
172e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
173e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
174e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
175e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## @LocalBuilder和@Builder区别说明
176e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
177e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci函数componentBuilder被@Builder修饰时,显示效果是 “Child”,函数componentBuilder被@LocalBuilder修饰时,显示效果是“Parent”。
178e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
179e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci说明:
180e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
181e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Builder componentBuilder()通过this.componentBuilder的形式传给子组件@BuilderParam customBuilderParam,this指向在Child的label,即“Child”。
182e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
183e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@LocalBuilder componentBuilder()通过this.componentBuilder的形式传给子组件@BuilderParam customBuilderParam,this指向Parent的label,即“Parent”。
184e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
185e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
186e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Component
187e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct Child {
188e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  label: string = `Child`;
189e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @BuilderParam customBuilderParam: () => void;
190e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
191e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
192e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
193e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      this.customBuilderParam()
194e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
195e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
196e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
197e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
198e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Entry
199e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Component
200e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct Parent {
201e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  label: string = `Parent`;
202e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
203e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @Builder componentBuilder() {
204e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Text(`${this.label}`)
205e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
206e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
207e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  // @LocalBuilder componentBuilder() {
208e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  //   Text(`${this.label}`)
209e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  // }
210e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
211e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
212e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
213e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Child({ customBuilderParam: this.componentBuilder })
214e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
215e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
216e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
217e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```
218e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
219e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci## 使用场景
220e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
221e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci### @LocalBuilder在@ComponentV2修饰的自定义组件中使用
222e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
223e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci使用局部的@LocalBuilder在@ComponentV2修饰的自定义组件中调用,修改变量触发UI刷新。
224e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
225e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```ts
226e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@ObservedV2
227e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ciclass Info {
228e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @Trace name: string = '';
229e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @Trace age: number = 0;
230e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
231e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
232e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@ComponentV2
233e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct ChildPage {
234e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @Require @Param childInfo: Info;
235e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
236e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
237e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`自定义组件 name :${this.childInfo.name}`)
238e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(20)
239e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
240e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`自定义组件 age :${this.childInfo.age}`)
241e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(20)
242e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
243e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
244e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
245e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
246e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
247e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@Entry
248e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci@ComponentV2
249e41f4b71Sopenharmony_cistruct ParentPage {
250e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  info1: Info = { name: "Tom", age: 25 };
251e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @Local info2: Info = { name: "Tom", age: 25 };
252e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
253e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @LocalBuilder
254e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  privateBuilder() {
255e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
256e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`局部LocalBuilder@Builder name :${this.info1.name}`)
257e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(20)
258e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
259e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`局部LocalBuilder@Builder age :${this.info1.age}`)
260e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(20)
261e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
262e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
263e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
264e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci
265e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  @LocalBuilder
266e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  privateBuilderSecond() {
267e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
268e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`局部LocalBuilder@Builder name :${this.info2.name}`)
269e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(20)
270e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
271e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`局部LocalBuilder@Builder age :${this.info2.age}`)
272e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(20)
273e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
274e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
275e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
276e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  build() {
277e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    Column() {
278e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`info1: ${this.info1.name}  ${this.info1.age}`) // Text1
279e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(30)
280e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
281e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      this.privateBuilder() // 调用局部@Builder
282e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Line()
283e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .width('100%')
284e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .height(10)
285e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .backgroundColor('#000000').margin(10)
286e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`info2: ${this.info2.name}  ${this.info2.age}`) // Text2
287e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(30)
288e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
289e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      this.privateBuilderSecond() // 调用局部@Builder
290e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Line()
291e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .width('100%')
292e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .height(10)
293e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .backgroundColor('#000000').margin(10)
294e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`info1: ${this.info1.name}  ${this.info1.age}`) // Text1
295e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(30)
296e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
297e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      ChildPage({ childInfo: this.info1}) // 调用自定义组件
298e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Line()
299e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .width('100%')
300e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .height(10)
301e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .backgroundColor('#000000').margin(10)
302e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Text(`info2: ${this.info2.name}  ${this.info2.age}`) // Text2
303e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontSize(30)
304e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
305e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      ChildPage({ childInfo: this.info2}) // 调用自定义组件
306e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Line()
307e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .width('100%')
308e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .height(10)
309e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .backgroundColor('#000000').margin(10)
310e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci      Button("change info1&info2")
311e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        .onClick(() => {
312e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci          this.info1 = { name: "Cat", age: 18} // Text1不会刷新,原因是没有装饰器修饰监听不到值的改变。
313e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci          this.info2 = { name: "Cat", age: 18} // Text2会刷新,原因是有装饰器修饰,可以监听到值的改变。
314e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci        })
315e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci    }
316e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci  }
317e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci}
318e41f4b71Sopenharmony_ci```