xref: /docs/en/application-dev/application-test/arkxtest-guidelines.md

# arkXtest User Guide


## Overview

arkXtest is an automated test framework that consists of JsUnit and UiTest.<br>JsUnit is a unit test framework that provides basic APIs for compiling test cases and generating test reports for testing system and application APIs.<br>UiTest is a UI test framework that provides the UI component search and operation capabilities through simple and easy-to-use APIs, and allows you to develop automated test scripts based on GUI operations. This document will help to familiarize you with arkXtest, describing its main functions, implementation principles, environment setup, and test script compilation and execution.


## Implementation

arkXtest is divided into two parts: unit test framework and UI test framework.<br>As the backbone of arkXtest, the unit test framework offers such features as identifying, scheduling, and executing test scripts, as well as summarizing test script execution results.<br>The UI test framework provides UiTest APIs for you to call in different test scenarios. Its test scripts are executed on top of the unit test framework.

### Unit Test Framework

  Figure 1 Main functions of the unit test framework

  ![](figures/UnitTest.PNG)

  Figure 2 Basic script process

  ![](figures/TestFlow.PNG)


### UI Test Framework

  Figure 3 Main functions of the UI test framework

  ![](figures/Uitest.PNG)


## Constraints

- The features of the UI test framework are available only in OpenHarmony 3.1 Release and later versions.

## Preparing the Environment

### Environment Requirements

- Software: DevEco Studio 3.0 or later

- Hardware: PC connected to a test device, such as a <!--RP1-->development board<!--RP1End-->.

### Setting Up the Environment

[Download DevEco Studio](https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/develop/deveco-studio#download) and set it up as instructed on the official website.

## Creating and Compiling a Test Script

### Creating a Test Script

<!--RP2-->
1. Open DevEco Studio and create a project, in which the **ohos** directory is where the test script is located.
2. Open the **.ets** file of the module to be tested in the project directory. Move the cursor to any position in the code, and then right-click and choose **Show Context Actions** > **Create Ohos Test** or press **Alt+Enter** and choose **Create Ohos Test** to create a test class. For more details, see [DevEco Studio User Guide](https://developer.harmonyos.com/en/docs/documentation/doc-guides-V3/harmonyos_jnit_jsunit-0000001092459608-V3?catalogVersion=V3#section13366184061415).
<!--RP2End-->

### Writing a Unit Test Script

This section describes how to use the unit test framework to write a unit test script. For details about the functionality of the unit test framework, see [arkXtest](https://gitee.com/openharmony/testfwk_arkxtest/blob/master/README_en.md).

The unit test script must contain the following basic elements:

1. Import of the dependencies so that the dependent test APIs can be used.

2. Test code, mainly about the related logic, such as API invoking.

3. Invoking of the assertion APIs and setting of checkpoints. If there is no checkpoint, the test script is considered as incomplete.

The following sample code is used to start the test page to check whether the page displayed on the device is the expected page.

```ts
import { describe, it, expect } from '@ohos/hypium';
import { abilityDelegatorRegistry } from '@kit.TestKit';
import { UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';

const delegator = abilityDelegatorRegistry.getAbilityDelegator()
const bundleName = abilityDelegatorRegistry.getArguments().bundleName;
function sleep(time: number) {
  return new Promise<void>((resolve: Function) => setTimeout(resolve, time));
}
export default function abilityTest() {
  describe('ActsAbilityTest', () =>{
    it('testUiExample',0, async (done: Function) => {
      console.info("uitest: TestUiExample begin");
      //start tested ability
      const want: Want = {
        bundleName: bundleName,
        abilityName: 'EntryAbility'
      }
      await delegator.startAbility(want);
      await sleep(1000);
      // Check the top display ability.
      await delegator.getCurrentTopAbility().then((Ability: UIAbility)=>{
        console.info("get top ability");
        expect(Ability.context.abilityInfo.name).assertEqual('EntryAbility');
      })
      done();
    })
  })
}
```

### Writing a UI Test Script

 <br>To write a UI test script to complete the corresponding test activities, simply add the invoking of the UiTest API to a unit test script. For details about the available APIs, see [@ohos.UiTest](../../application-dev/reference/apis-test-kit/js-apis-uitest.md).<br>In this example, the UI test script is written based on the preceding unit test script. It implements the click operation on the started application page and checks whether the page changes as expected.

1. Write the demo code in the **index.ets** file.

```ts
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  @State message: string = 'Hello World'

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        Text(this.message)
          .fontSize(50)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        Text("Next")
          .fontSize(50)
          .margin({top:20})
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        Text("after click")
          .fontSize(50)
          .margin({top:20})
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      }
      .width('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
  }
}
```

2. Write test code in the **.test.ets** file under **ohosTest** > **ets** > **test**.

```ts
import { describe, it, expect } from '@ohos/hypium';
// Import the test dependencies.
import { abilityDelegatorRegistry, Driver, ON } from '@kit.TestKit';
import { UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';

const delegator: abilityDelegatorRegistry.AbilityDelegator = abilityDelegatorRegistry.getAbilityDelegator()
const bundleName = abilityDelegatorRegistry.getArguments().bundleName;
function sleep(time: number) {
  return new Promise<void>((resolve: Function) => setTimeout(resolve, time));
}
export default function abilityTest() {
  describe('ActsAbilityTest', () => {
    it('testUiExample',0, async (done: Function) => {
      console.info("uitest: TestUiExample begin");
      //start tested ability
      const want: Want = {
        bundleName: bundleName,
        abilityName: 'EntryAbility'
      }
      await delegator.startAbility(want);
      await sleep(1000);
      // Check the top display ability.
      await delegator.getCurrentTopAbility().then((Ability: UIAbility)=>{
        console.info("get top ability");
        expect(Ability.context.abilityInfo.name).assertEqual('EntryAbility');
      })
      // UI test code
      // Initialize the driver.
      let driver = Driver.create();
      await driver.delayMs(1000);
      // Find the button on text 'Next'.
      let button = await driver.findComponent(ON.text('Next'));
      // Click the button.
      await button.click();
      await driver.delayMs(1000);
      // Check text.
      await driver.assertComponentExist(ON.text('after click'));
      await driver.pressBack();
      done();
    })
  })
}
```

## Running the Test Script

### In DevEco Studio

You can run a test script in DevEco Studio in any of the following modes:

1. Test package level: All test cases in the test package are executed.

2. Test suite level: All test cases defined in the **describe** method are executed.

3. Test method level: The specified **it** method, that is, a single test case, is executed.

![](figures/Execute.PNG)

**Viewing the Test Result**

After the test is complete, you can view the test result in DevEco Studio, as shown in the following figure.

![](figures/TestResult.PNG)

**Viewing the Test Case Coverage**

After the test is complete, you can view the test case coverage.

### In the CLI

Install the application test package on the test device and run the **aa** command with different execution control keywords in the CLI.

> **NOTE**
>
> Before running commands in the CLI, make sure hdc-related environment variables have been configured.

The table below lists the keywords in **aa** test commands.

| Keyword | Abbreviation| Description                          | Example                      |
| ------------- | ------------ | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| --bundleName  | -b           | Application bundle name.                        | - b com.test.example               |
| --packageName | -p           | Application module name, which is applicable to applications developed in the FA model.          | - p com.test.example.entry         |
| --moduleName  | -m           | Application module name, which is applicable to applications developed in the stage model.       | -m entry                           |
| NA            | -s           | \<key, value> pair.| - s unittest /ets/testrunner/OpenHarmonyTestRunner |

The framework supports multiple test case execution modes, which are triggered by the key-value pair following the **-s** keyword. The table below lists the available keys and values.

| Name    | Description                                                | Value                                              | Example                             |
| ------------ | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------    | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
| unittest     | **OpenHarmonyTestRunner** object used for test case execution. | **OpenHarmonyTestRunner** or custom runner name.                 | - s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner        |
| class        | Test suite or test case to be executed.                                  | {describeName}#{itName}, {describeName}                     | -s class attributeTest#testAttributeIt    |
| notClass     | Test suite or test case that does not need to be executed.                              | {describeName}#{itName}, {describeName}                     | -s notClass attributeTest#testAttributeIt |
| itName       | Test case to be executed.                                        | {itName}                                                     | -s itName testAttributeIt                 |
| timeout      | Timeout interval for executing a test case.                                       | Positive integer (unit: ms). If no value is set, the default value **5000** is used.                       | -s timeout 15000                          |
| breakOnError | Whether to enable break-on-error mode. When this mode is enabled, the test execution process exits if a test assertion failure or error occurs.| **true**/**false** (default value)                                          | -s breakOnError true                      |
| random | Whether to execute test cases in random sequence.| **true**/**false** (default value)                                          | -s random true                      |
| testType     | Type of the test case to be executed.                                     | function, performance, power, reliability, security, global, compatibility, user, standard, safety, resilience| -s testType function                      |
| level        | Level of the test case to be executed.                                     | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4                                                   | -s level 0                                |
| size         | Size of the test case to be executed.                                   | small, medium, large                                        | -s size small        
| stress       | Number of times that the test case is executed.                                   |  Positive integer                                        | -s stress 1000                            |

**Running Commands**

- Parameter configuration and commands are based on the stage model.
- Open the CLI.
- Run the **aa test** commands.


Example 1: Execute all test cases.

```shell  
 hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner
```

Example 2: Execute cases in the specified test suites, separated by commas (,).

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s class s1,s2
```

Example 3: Execute specified cases in the specified test suites, separated by commas (,).

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s class testStop#stop_1,testStop1#stop_0
```

Example 4: Execute all test cases except the specified ones, separated by commas (,).

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s notClass testStop
```

Example 5: Execute specified test cases, separated by commas (,).

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s itName stop_0
```

Example 6: Set the timeout interval for executing a test case.

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s timeout 15000
```

Example 7: Enable break-on-error mode.

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s breakOnError true
```

Example 8: Execute test cases of the specified type.

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s testType function
```

Example 9: Execute test cases at the specified level.

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s level 0
```

Example 10: Execute test cases with the specified size.

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s size small
```

Example 11: Execute test cases for a specified number of times.

```shell  
  hdc shell aa test -b xxx -m xxx -s unittest OpenHarmonyTestRunner -s stress 1000
```

**Viewing the Test Result**

- During test execution in the CLI, the log information similar to the following is displayed:

```
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=testStop
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=1
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=447
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream=
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=stop_0
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 1

OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class=testStop
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: current=1
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id=JS
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests=447
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream=
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test=stop_0
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE: 0
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: consuming=4
```

| Log Field              | Description      |
| -------           | -------------------------|
| OHOS_REPORT_SUM    | Total number of test cases in the current test suite.|
| OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: class | Name of the test suite that is being executed.|
| OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: id | Case execution language. The default value is JS. |
| OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: numtests | Total number of test cases in the test package.|
| OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: stream | Error information of the current test case.|
| OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: test| Name of the current test case.|
| OHOS_REPORT_STATUS_CODE | Execution result of the current test case.<br>**0**: pass.<br>**1**: error.<br>**2**: fail.|
| OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: consuming | Time spent in executing the current test case, in milliseconds.|

- After the commands are executed, the following log information is displayed:

```
OHOS_REPORT_RESULT: stream=Tests run: 447, Failure: 0, Error: 1, Pass: 201, Ignore: 245
OHOS_REPORT_CODE: 0

OHOS_REPORT_RESULT: breakOnError model, Stopping whole test suite if one specific test case failed or error
OHOS_REPORT_STATUS: taskconsuming=16029

```
| Log Field              | Description          |
| ------------------| -------------------------|
| run    | Total number of test cases in the current test package.|
| Failure | Number of failed test cases.|
| Error | Number of test cases whose execution encounters errors. |
| Pass | Number of passed test cases.|
| Ignore | Number of test cases not yet executed.|
| taskconsuming| Total time spent in executing the current test case, in milliseconds.|

> When an error occurs in break-on-error mode, check the **Ignore** and interrupt information.

## Recording User Operations
### Using the Recording Feature
> You can record the operations performed on the current page to **/data/local/tmp/layout/record.csv**. To end the recording, press **Ctrl+C**.

```shell  
 hdc shell uitest uiRecord record
```
### Viewing Recording Data
You can view the recording data in either of the following ways.

#### Reading and Printing Recording Data

```shell  
 hdc shell uitest uiRecord read
```
#### Exporting the record.csv File
```shell  
hdc file recv /data/local/tmp/layout/record.csv D:\tool  # D:\tool indicates the local save path, which can be customized.
```
- The following describes the fields in the recording data:
```
{
	"ABILITY": "com.ohos.launcher.MainAbility", // Foreground application page.
	"BUNDLE": "com.ohos.launcher", // Application.
	"CENTER_X": "", // Reserved field.
	"CENTER_Y": "", // Reserved field.
	"EVENT_TYPE": "pointer", //  
	"LENGTH": "0", // Total length.
	"OP_TYPE": "click", // Event type. Currently, click, double-click, long-press, drag, pinch, swipe, and fling types are supported.
	"VELO": "0.000000", // Hands-off velocity.
	"direction.X": "0.000000",// Movement along the x-axis.
	"direction.Y": "0.000000", // Movement along the y-axis.
	"duration": 33885000.0, // Gesture duration.
	"fingerList": [{
		"LENGTH": "0", // Total length.
		"MAX_VEL": "40000", // Maximum velocity.
		"VELO": "0.000000", // Hands-off velocity.
		"W1_BOUNDS": "{"bottom":361,"left":37,"right":118,"top":280}", // Starting component bounds.
		"W1_HIER": "ROOT,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0", // Starting component hierarchy.
		"W1_ID": "", // ID of the starting component.
		"W1_Text": "", // Text of the starting component.
		"W1_Type": "Image", // Type of the starting component.
		"W2_BOUNDS": "{"bottom":361,"left":37,"right":118,"top":280}", // Ending component bounds.
		"W2_HIER": "ROOT,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0", // Ending component hierarchy.
		"W2_ID": "", // ID of the ending component.
		"W2_Text": "", // Text of the ending component.
		"W2_Type": "Image", // Type of the ending component.
		"X2_POSI": "47", // X coordinate of the ending point.
		"X_POSI": "47", // X coordinate of the starting point.
		"Y2_POSI": "301", // Y coordinate of the ending point.
		"Y_POSI": "301", // Y coordinate of the starting point.
		"direction.X": "0.000000", // Movement along the x-axis.
		"direction.Y": "0.000000" // Movement along the y-axis.
	}],
	"fingerNumber": "1" // Number of fingers.
}
```

## Injecting Simulated UI Operations in Shell Command Mode
> Supported operation types: click, double-click, long press, fling, swipe, drag, text input, and key event.

| Name      | Description                                 | Value                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Example                                                                                 |
|-------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| click       | Simulates a click.                                 | point_x (X coordinate of the click point. Mandatory.)<br> point_y (Y coordinate of the click point. Mandatory.)                                                                                                                                                                     | hdc shell uitest uiInput click point_x point_y                                      |
| doubleClick | Simulates a double-click.                                 | point_x (X coordinate of the double-click point. Mandatory.)<br> point_y (Y coordinate of the double-click point. Mandatory.)                                                                                                                                                                     | hdc shell uitest uiInput doubleClick point_x point_y                                |
| longClick   | Simulates a long-click.                                 | point_x (X coordinate of the long-click point. Mandatory.)<br> point_y (Y coordinate of the long-click point. Mandatory.)                                                                                                                                                                     | hdc shell uitest uiInput longClick point_x point_y                                  |
| fling       | Simulates a fling.                                 | from_x (X coordinate of the fling start point. Mandatory.)<br> from_y (Y coordinate of the fling start point. Mandatory.)<br> to_x (X coordinate of the fling end point. Mandatory.)<br> to_y (Y coordinate of the fling end point. Mandatory.)<br> swipeVelocityPps_ (Fling speed. Value range: 200-40000. Default value: 600. Optional.)<br> stepLength (Fling step. Default value: Fling distance/50. Unit: px. Optional.)| hdc shell uitest uiInput fling from_x from_y to_x to_y swipeVelocityPps_ stepLength |
| swipe       | Simulates a swipe.                                 | from_x (X coordinate of the swipe start point. Mandatory.)<br> from_y (Y coordinate of the swipe start point. Mandatory.)<br> to_x (X coordinate of the swipe end point. Mandatory.)<br> to_y (Y coordinate of the swipe end point. Mandatory.)<br> swipeVelocityPps_ (Fling speed. Value range: 200-40000. Default value: 600. Unit: px/s. Optional.)                                              | hdc shell uitest uiInput swipe from_x from_y to_x to_y swipeVelocityPps_            |
| drag        | Simulates a drag and drop.                                 | from_x (X coordinate of the drag point. Mandatory.)<br> from_y (Y coordinate of the drag point. Mandatory.)<br> to_x (X coordinate of the drop point. Mandatory.)<br> to_y (Y coordinate of the drop point. Mandatory.)<br> swipeVelocityPps_ (Drag speed. Value range: 200-40000. Default value: 600. Unit: px/s. Optional.)                                      | hdc shell uitest uiInput drag from_x from_y to_x to_y swipeVelocityPps_             |
| dircFling   | Simulates a directional fling.                             | direction (Fling direction. Value range: [0, 1, 2, 3]. Fling direction: [left, right, up, down]. Default value: 0. Optional.)<br> swipeVelocityPps_ (Fling speed. Value range: 200-40000. Default value: 600. Optional.)<br> stepLength (Fling step. Default value: Fling distance/50. Unit: px. Optional.)                                           | hdc shell uitest uiInput dircFling direction swipeVelocityPps_ stepLength                                       |
| inputText        | Simulates text input in a text box.                            | point_x (X coordinate of the text box. Mandatory.)<br> point_y (Y coordinate of the text box. Mandatory.)<br> input (Text entered.)                                                                                                                                                  | hdc shell uitest uiInput inputText  point_x point_y text                                  |
| keyEvent    | Simulates a physical key event (such as pressing a keyboard key, pressing the power key, returning to the previous page, or returning to the home screen) or a key combination.| keyID (ID of a physical key. Mandatory.)<br> keyID2 (ID of a physical key. Optional.)                                                                                                                                                                    | hdc shell uitest uiInput keyEvent keyID                                             |

Example 1: Perform a click.
```shell  
 hdc shell uitest uiInput click 100 100
```
Example 2: Perform a double-click.
```shell  
 hdc shell uitest uiInput doubleClick 100 100
```
Example 3: Perform a long-click.
```shell  
 hdc shell uitest uiInput longClick 100 100
```
Example 4: Perform a fling.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput fling 10 10 200 200 500 
```
Example 5: Perform a swipe.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput swipe 10 10 200 200 500 
```
Example 6: Perform a drag and drop.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput drag 10 10 100 100 500 
```
Example 7: Perform a fling-left.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput dircFling 0 500
```
Example 8: Perform a fling-right.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput dircFling 1 600
```
Example 9: Perform a fling-up.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput dircFling 2 
```
Example 10: Perform a fling-down.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput dircFling 3
```

Example 11: Enter text in the text box.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput inputText 100 100 hello
```

Example 12: Return to the home screen.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput keyEvent Home
```
Example 13: Return to the previous page.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput keyEvent Back
```
Example 14: Perform a key combination to copy and paste text.
```shell  
hdc shell uitest uiInput keyEvent 2072 2038
```

<!--Del-->
## Examples

### Unit Test Scripts

#### Using Assertion APIs of the Unit Test
For details about how to use the available APIs, see [Example of Using Assertion APIs](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/jsunit/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/assertExampleTest/assertExample.test.ets).

#### Defining Unit Test Suites
For details about how to define and nest the unit test suite, see [Example of Defining Test Suites](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/jsunit/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/coverExampleTest/coverExample.test.ets).

#### Testing Custom Application Functions Using Unit Test
For details about how to test the custom functions in an application, see [Example of Testing Custom Application Functions](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/jsunit/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/customExampleTest/customExample.test.ets).

#### Using Data-Driven Capability of the Unit Test
For details about how to use the data-driven capability and configure repeat script execution, see [Example of Using Data-Driven Capability](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/jsunit/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/paramExampleTest/paramExample.test.ets).

### UI Test Scripts for Components

#### Searching for Specified Components
For details about how to search for a component in an application UI by specifying the attributes of the component, see [Example of Searching for Specified Components](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/findCommentExampleTest/Component/findCommentExample.test.ets).

#### Simulating Click Events
For details about how to simulate a click event, a long-click event or a double-click event, see [Example of Simulating Click Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/clickEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Mouse Events
For details about how to simulate a mouse left-click event, a mouse right-click event, or a mouse scroll wheel event, see [Example of Simulating Mouse Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/MouseEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Input Events
For details about how to simulate the input of Chinese and English text, see [Example of Simulating Input Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/InputEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Screenshot Events
For details about how to simulate capturing a screenshot (in a specified area), see [Example of Simulating Screenshot Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/ScreenCapEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Fling Events
For details about how to simulate a fling event(the finger leaves the screen after sliding), see [Example of Simulating Fling Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/FlingEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Swipe Events
For details about how to simulate a swipe event (the finger stays on the screen after sliding), see [Example of Simulating Swipe Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/SwipeEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Pinch Events
For details about how to simulate a zoom-in and zoom-out operation on pictures, see [Example of Simulating Pinch Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/PinchEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Scroll Events
For details about how to simulate components scrolling, see [Example of Simulating Scroll Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/ui/ScrollerEvent.test.ets).

### UI Test Scripts for Windows

#### Searching for Specified Windows
For details about how to search for an application window by using the bundle name of the application, see [Example of Searching for Specified Windows](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/findCommentExampleTest/window/findWindowExample.test.ets).

#### Simulating Window Move Events
For details about how to simulate moving a window to a specified position, see [Example of Simulating Window Move Events](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/window/MoveToEvent.test.ets).

#### Simulating Window Size Adjustments
For details about how to simulate a window size adjustment and direction specification, see [Example of Simulating Window Size Adjustments](https://gitee.com/openharmony/applications_app_samples/blob/master/code/Project/Test/uitest/entry/src/ohosTest/ets/test/operationExampleTest/window/ReSizeWindow.test.ets).

<!--DelEnd-->

## FAQs

### FAQs About Unit Test Cases

**The logs in the test case are printed after the test case result**

**Problem**

The logs added to the test case are displayed after the test case execution, rather than during the test case execution.

**Possible Causes**

More than one asynchronous API is called in the test case.<br>In principle, logs in the test case are printed before the test case execution is complete.

**Solutions**

If more than one asynchronous API is called, you are advised to encapsulate the API invoking into the promise mode.

**Error "fail to start ability" is reported during test case execution**

**Problem**

When a test case is executed, the console returns the error message "fail to start ability".

**Possible Causes**

An error occurs during the packaging of the test package, and the test framework dependency file is not included in the test package.

**Solutions**

Check whether the test package contains the **OpenHarmonyTestRunner.abc** file. If the file does not exist, rebuild and pack the file and perform the test again.

**Test case execution timeout**

**Problem**

After the test case execution is complete, the console displays the error message "execute time XXms", indicating that the case execution times out.

**Possible Causes**

1. The test case is executed through an asynchronous interface, but the **done** function is not executed during the execution. As a result, the test case execution does not end until it times out.

2. The time taken for API invocation is longer than the timeout interval set for test case execution.

3. Test assertion fails, and a failure exception is thrown. As a result, the test case execution does not end until it times out.

**Solutions**

1. Check the code logic of the test case to ensure that the **done** function is executed even if the assertion fails.

2. Modify the case execution timeout settings under **Run/Debug Configurations** in DevEco Studio.

3. Check the code logic and assertion result of the test case and make sure that the assertion is passed.
### FAQs About UI Test Cases

**The failure log contains "Get windows failed/GetRootByWindow failed"**

**Problem**

The UI test case fails to be executed. The HiLog file contains the error message "Get windows failed/GetRootByWindow failed."

**Possible Causes**

The ArkUI feature is disabled. As a result, the component tree information is not generated on the test page.

**Solutions**

Run the following command, restart the device, and execute the test case again:

```shell
hdc shell param set persist.ace.testmode.enabled 1
```

**The failure log contains "uitest-api does not allow calling concurrently"**

**Problem**

The UI test case fails to be executed. The HiLog file contains the error message "uitest-api does not allow calling concurrently."

**Possible Causes**

1. In the test case, the **await** operator is not added to the asynchronous API provided by the UI test framework.

2. The UI test case is executed in multiple processes. As a result, multiple UI test processes are started. The framework does not support multi-process invoking.

**Solutions**

1. Check the case implementation and add the **await** operator to the asynchronous API.

2. Do not execute UI test cases in multiple processes.

**The failure log contains "does not exist on current UI! Check if the UI has changed after you got the widget object"**

**Problem**

The UI test case fails to be executed. The HiLog file contains the error message "does not exist on current UI! Check if the UI has changed after you got the widget object."

**Possible Causes**

After the target component is found in the code of the test case, the device UI changes, resulting in loss of the found component and inability to perform emulation.

**Solutions**

Run the UI test case again.