xref: /arkcompiler/runtime_core/isa/isa.yaml

# Copyright (c) 2021-2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

---

chapters:
  - name: General design
    text: >
      VM is register based with dedicated accumulator register, which serves as an implicit operand to instructions.

  - name: Registers
    text: >
      Registers are wide enough to hold a single reference when working with objects.
      When used for primitive types, registers width should be considered as 64 bits.
      When used for object types, registers should be considered wide enough to hold a reference to an object.
      The scope of a register is function frame (also known as activation record). If instruction defines not all 64
      bits of a register, undefined bits shall not be accessed in verified code.
      Register field width in instruction encoding could be 4 (16 addressable registers), 8 (256 registers) or
      16 (65536 registers) bits.

  - name: Accumulator
    text: >
      Accumulator is a special register which is implicitly used by instructions as a source and/or destination operand.
      The main goal of using accumulator is to improve encoding density without losing much in performance. Therefore,
      the general intuition regarding accumulator usage is to utilize the accumulator as much as possible taking it as
      a source from previous instruction result and passing it to the next instruction in its destination operand.
      Moreover, when instruction has more than one source operands, the value which lives shorter should be passed
      through the accumulator. If it is profitable however, variations of instructions that don't write into the
      accumulator are also introduced. For example, moving arguments for `call.range` instruction may be done by
      register-to-register moves.

  - name: Calling sequence
    text: >
      On execution of a call bytecode a new function frame is created. All necessary arguments are copied from the
      caller frame onto the top of the callee frame such as the last argument is placed in the register with the largest
      index and the first argument is placed into the register with the index equal to the size of frame subtracted by
      the number of arguments. Accumulator value is considered as undefined and shall not be read in verified bytecode.
      On return, callee frame is destroyed. If function return value is non-void, it is passed to caller via
      accumulator. Otherwise accumulator content in caller frame is considered as undefined and shall not
      be read in verified bytecode.

  - name: Supported primitive types
    text: |
      VM support operations on registers with i32 and i64 integral values. However, 8-bit and 16-bit integral values
      can be loaded/stored into records and arrays with corresponding bytecodes. In that case, VM will extend/truncate
      value to match storage size with i32. Similarly, passing an 8-bit or 16-bit value to a function can be emulated by
      passing a value, which is zero or sign-extended to i32.
      VM support operations on registers with f32 and f64 values, which corresponds to IEEE-754 single and double precision
      floating-point represenation.
      Primitive data type of a register is not tracked by VM and is interpreted by separate bytecodes.
      Integral values are not inherently signed or unsigned, signedness is interpreted by bytecodes as well.
      If bytecode treats register value as signed integer, it uses two's complement representation.
      To denote that bytecode treats register values as unsigned integer, u32/u64 notation is used.
      For moves, loads and stores it is not always possible to denote a type of result, because it depends on type
      of source object. In that case, bNN notation is used, where NN is bit size of result. Therefore, for example,
      b64 is a union of f64 and i64.

      ### Floating-point literals

      Decimal floating-point literals can have the following parts:

      - Sign ("`+`" or "`-`")
      - Whole number part
      - Decimal point
      - Fractional part
      - Exponent indicator ("`e`")
      - Exponent sign
      - Exponent

      Decimal floating-point literals must have at least one digit and either decimal point or exponent part.

      Special values:

      - Positive zero (+0.0, hexadecimal representation is `0x0000000000000000`)
      - Negative zero (-0.0, hexadecimal representation is `0x8000000000000000`)
      - Minimal positive value (4.9E-324, hexadecimal representation is `0x0000000000000001`)
      - Maximal negative value (-4.9E-324, hexadecimal representation is `0x8000000000000001`)
      - Maximal positive value (1.7976931348623157e308, hexadecimal representation is `0x7fefffffffffffff`)
      - Minimal negative value (-1.7976931348623157e308, hexadecimal representation is `0xffefffffffffffff`)
      - Positive infinity (hexadecimal representation is `0x7ff0000000000000`)
      - Negative infinity (hexadecimal representation is `0xfff0000000000000`)
      - Not a number - set of all NaN values (one of hexadecimal representations is `0x7ff8000000000000`)

  - name: Language-dependent types
    text: >
      Panda VM supports type hierarchies according to the language it executes. That way, creation (or loading
      from constant pool) of strings, arrays, exception objects results into an object of type native to language,
      including inheritance relations.

  - name: Dynamically-typed languages support
    text: >
      Panda VM supports languages with dynamic types. It represents dynamic values through special 'any' values,
      which wraps a value itself (both primitive and objects) and corresponding type info. VM tracks type of registers,
      that hold 'any' value, whether they are primitive or not. Virtual registers and accumulator are wide enough
      to hold 'any' value. When VM executes code inside dynamically-typed language context, regular static instructions
      also may be used.

# File format and ISA versioning
min_version: 0.0.0.2
version: 13.0.0.0

# 0 is default value, alaways reflects to the newest version.
# Due to historical reasons, bytecode version is upgraded to 13.0.0.0 in API15.
api_version_map: [[0, 13.0.0.0], [9, 9.0.0.0], [10, 9.0.0.0], [11, 11.0.2.0], [12, 12.0.6.0], [13, 12.0.6.0],
                  [14, 12.0.6.0], [15, 13.0.0.0]]

# When delete bytecode or having any incompatible modification on bytecode,
# please add the incompatible version in this list for prompting error message.
incompatible_version: [11.0.0.0, 11.0.1.0]

properties:
  - tag: type_id
    description: Use an id which resolves into a type constant.
  - tag: method_id
    description: Use an id which resolves into a method constant.
  - tag: string_id
    description: Use an id which resolves into a string constant.
  - tag: literalarray_id
    description: Use an id which resolves into a constant literalarray.
  - tag: field_id
    description: Use an id which resolves into a field reference.
  - tag: call
    description: Pass control to the callee method.
  - tag: call_virt
    description: Pass control to the callee method via virtual call.
  - tag: return
    description: Pass control to the caller method.
  - tag: suspend
    description: Suspend current method and pass control to the caller one.
  - tag: jump
    description: Pass control to another bytecode in a current method.
  - tag: conditional
    description: Operate based on computed condition, otherwise is no operation.
  - tag: float
    description: Perform floating point operation.
  - tag: dynamic
    description: Operates on 'any' values.
  - tag: maybe_dynamic
    description: May operate on 'any' values depending on language context.
  - tag: language_type
    description: Creates objects of type depending on language context.
  - tag: initialize_type
    description: May initialize type instance during execution.
  - tag: ic_slot
    description: Use the immedate number after opcode of length 8-bit or 16-bit as ic slot.
  - tag: jit_ic_slot
    description: Use the immedate number after opcode of length 8-bit as jit ic slot.
  - tag: one_slot
    description: The intruction occupies one ic slot.
  - tag: two_slot
    description: The intruction occupies two ic slots.
  - tag: eight_bit_ic
    description: The instruction occupies ic slots of 8 bit width.
  - tag: sixteen_bit_ic
    description: The instruction occupies ic slots of 16 bit width.
  - tag: eight_sixteen_bit_ic
    description: The instruction occupies ic slots of both 8 and 16 bit width.
  - tag: conditional_throw
    description: The throw instruction can throw an excepton only if certain conditions are met.
  - tag: range_0
    description: Indicates that the instruction takes some consective registers as inputs.
                 The start register of these consective inputs is the last register of the instruction.
                 The number of consective inputs is the last immediate of the instruction.
  - tag: range_1
    description: Indicates that the instruction takes some consective registers as inputs.
                 The start register of these consective inputs is the last register of the instruction.
                 The number of consective inputs is the last immediate of the instruction plus 1.

exceptions:
  - tag: x_none
    description: Bytecode doesn't throw exceptions.
  - tag: x_null
    description: Bytecode throws NullPointerException in case of null reference as a source.
  - tag: x_bounds
    description: Bytecode throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is out of bounds of an array.
  - tag: x_negsize
    description: Bytecode throws NegativeArraySizeException if index is less than zero.
  - tag: x_store
    description: Bytecode throws ArrayStoreException if element isn't instance of array's element type.
  - tag: x_abstract
    description: Bytecode throws AbstractMethodError if resolved method has no implementation.
  - tag: x_arith
    description: Bytecode throws ArithmeticException if the divisor is 0.
  - tag: x_cast
    description: Bytecode throws ClassCastException if type cast failed.
  - tag: x_classdef
    description: Bytecode throws NoClassDefFoundError if type cast failed.
  - tag: x_oom
    description: Bytecode throws OutOfMemoryError if failed to allocate object.
  - tag: x_init
    description: Bytecode throws ExceptionInInitializerError if unexpected exception occurred in a static initializer.
  - tag: x_call
    description: Bytecode may throw an error if an exception occures in the called bytecode.
  - tag: x_throw
    description: Bytecode's primary role is to throw provided exception object.
  - tag: x_link
    description: Bytecode may throw NoClassDefFoundError if failed to resolve id.
verification:
  - tag: none
    description: Instruction is always valid.
  - tag: v1_array
    description: First operand contains a reference to an array.
  - tag: v1_object
    description: First operand contains a reference to an object (other than array).
  - tag: v1_array_type
    # TODO: specify
    description: First operand contains a reference to an array of elements of type corresponding to bytecode.
  - tag: v1_i32
    description: First operand contains a value of i32 type.
  - tag: v1_type
    description: First operand contains a value of type corresponding to bytecode.
  - tag: v1_obj_or_null
    description: First operand contains a reference to an object or null.
  - tag: v2_i32
    description: Second operand contains a value of i32 type.
  - tag: v2_object
    description: Second operand contains a reference to an object (other than array).
  - tag: v2_type
    description: Second operand contains a value of type corresponding to bytecode.
  - tag: acc_i32
    description: Accumulator contains a value of i32 type.
  - tag: acc_type
    description: Accumulator contains a value of type corresponding to bytecode.  # TODO: specify
  - tag: acc_return_type
    # TODO: specify, including assignment compatibility (see Java 'areturn')
    description: Accumulator type is compatible with method return type.
  - tag: v1_throw_type
    description: First operand contains a reference to an instance of class Throwable or of a subclass of Throwable.
  - tag: acc_obj_or_null
    description: Accumulator contains a reference to an object or null.
  - tag: type_id_array
    description: Type_id operand must correspond to an array type.
  - tag: type_id_object
    description: Type_id operand must correspond to an object type (other than array).
  - tag: type_id_any_object
    description: Type_id operand must correspond to any object type.
  - tag: method_id_static
    description: Method_id must resolve to a static method or into initializer for a type other than one-dimensional array.
  - tag: method_id_non_static
    description: Method_id must resolve to a non-static method.
  - tag: method_id_non_abstract
    description: Method_id must resolve to a method that has implementation.
  - tag: method_id_accessible
    description: Method_id must resolve to a method which is accessible.
  - tag: constant_string_id
    description: Id must resolve into a constant-pool string.
  - tag: constant_literalarray_id
    description: Id must resolve into a constant literalarray.
  - tag: compatible_arguments
    description: Arguments provided to a method must be of compatible types.  # TODO: specify compatibility
  - tag: method_init_obj
    description: Method_id must resolve into initializer for a type other than one-dimensional array.
  - tag: branch_target
    description: Branch target should point to a beginning of an instruction of the same method.
  - tag: field_id_non_static
    description: Field_id must resolve to a non-static object field.
  - tag: field_id_static
    description: Field_id must resolve to a static field.
  - tag: field_id_size
    description: Field_id must resolve to a field of size corresponding to bytecode.
  - tag: valid_in_dynamic_context
    description: Instruction valid only for dynamically-typed language context.

isa_information:
    - description: The last encoding number of various ISA. It should be maintained as long as ISA changes.
      last_opcode_idx: 0xdc
      last_throw_prefixed_opcode_idx: 0x09
      last_wide_prefixed_opcode_idx: 0x13
      last_deprecated_prefixed_opcode_idx: 0x2e
      last_callruntime_prefixed_opcode_idx: 0x19

prefixes:
  - name: throw
    description: throw operations.
    opcode_idx: 0xfe
  - name: wide
    description: operations with wider width.
    opcode_idx: 0xfd
  - name: deprecated
    description: deprecated instructions but are keeped for compatibility.
    opcode_idx: 0xfc
  - name: callruntime
    description: call runtime methods.
    opcode_idx: 0xfb

groups:
  - title: constant object loaders
    description: instructions which operate on constant objects.
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: ldnan
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x6a]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldinfinity
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x6b]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldundefined
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x00]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldnull
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x01]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldsymbol
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xad]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldglobal
        opcode_idx: [0x6d]
        acc: out:top
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldtrue
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x02]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldfalse
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x03]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldhole
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x70]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: deprecated.ldlexenv
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x00]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: ldnewtarget
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x6e]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldthis
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x6f]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: poplexenv
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x69]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: deprecated.poplexenv
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x01]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: getunmappedargs
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x6c]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: asyncfunctionenter
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xae]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: ldfunction
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xaf]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: debugger
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0xb0]
        format: [op_none]

  - title: iterator instructions
    description: iterator instructions
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: getpropiterator
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x66]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: getiterator imm:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x67, 0xab]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: closeiterator imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x68, 0xac]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8, op_imm_16_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.getiteratornext v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x02]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: getasynciterator imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xd7]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldprivateproperty imm1:u8, imm2:u16, imm3:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xd8]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_16_imm3_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: stprivateproperty imm1:u8, imm2:u16, imm3:u16, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0xd9]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_16_imm3_16_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: testin imm1:u8, imm2:u16, imm3:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xda]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_16_imm3_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: definefieldbyname imm:u8, string_id, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0xdb]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16_v_8]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: definepropertybyname imm:u8, string_id, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0xdc]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16_v_8]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]

  - title: object creaters
    description: instructions which create objects
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: createemptyobject
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x04]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: createemptyarray imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x05, 0x80]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: creategeneratorobj v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb1]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: createiterresultobj v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb2]
        format: [op_v1_8_v2_8]
      - sig: createobjectwithexcludedkeys imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb3]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [range_1]
      - sig: wide.createobjectwithexcludedkeys imm:u16, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x00]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: wide
        properties: [range_1]
      - sig: createarraywithbuffer imm:u16, literalarray_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x06, 0x81]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic, literalarray_id]
      - sig: deprecated.createarraywithbuffer imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x03]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: createobjectwithbuffer imm:u16, literalarray_id
        opcode_idx: [0x07, 0x82]
        acc: out:top
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic, literalarray_id]
      - sig: deprecated.createobjectwithbuffer imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x04]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: createregexpwithliteral imm1:u16, string_id, imm2:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x71, 0x72]
        format: [op_imm1_8_id_16_imm2_8, op_imm1_16_id_16_imm2_8]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: newobjapply imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb4, 0xb5]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8, op_imm_16_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: newobjrange imm1:u16, imm2:u8, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x08, 0x83]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_8_v_8, op_imm1_16_imm2_8_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic, range_0]
      - sig: wide.newobjrange imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x01]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v_8]
        prefix: wide
        properties: [range_0]
      - sig: newlexenv imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x09]
        format: [op_imm_8]
      - sig: wide.newlexenv imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x02]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: newlexenvwithname imm:u8, literalarray_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb6]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16]
        properties: [literalarray_id]
      - sig: wide.newlexenvwithname imm:u16, literalarray_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x03]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_id_16]
        prefix: wide
        properties: [literalarray_id]
      - sig: createasyncgeneratorobj v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb7]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: asyncgeneratorresolve v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb8]
        format: [op_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8]

  - title: binary operations 
    description: binary operations 
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: add2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0a]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: sub2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0b]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: mul2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0c]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: div2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0d]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: mod2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0e]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: eq imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0f]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: noteq imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x10]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: less imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x11]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: lesseq imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x12]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: greater imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x13]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: greatereq imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x14]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: shl2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x15]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: shr2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x16]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: ashr2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x17]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: and2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x18]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: or2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x19]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: xor2 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1a]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: exp imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1b]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]

  - title: unary operations 
    description: unary operations
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: typeof imm:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1c, 0x84]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: tonumber imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1d]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.tonumber v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x05]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: tonumeric imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1e]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.tonumeric v:in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x06]
        acc: inout:top
        prefix: deprecated
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
      - sig: neg imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1f]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.neg v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x07]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: not imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x20]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.not v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x08]
        prefix: deprecated
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
      - sig: inc imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x21]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.inc v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x09]
        prefix: deprecated
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
      - sig: dec imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x22]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.dec v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0a]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: istrue
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x23]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: isfalse
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x24]
        format: [op_none]

  - title: comparation instructions
    description: comparation instructions
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: isin imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x25]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: instanceof imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x26]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: strictnoteq imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x27]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: stricteq imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x28]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]

  - title: call runtime functions
    description: instructions which call runtime functions
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: callruntime.notifyconcurrentresult
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x00]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.definefieldbyvalue imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x01]
        prefix: callruntime
        format: [pref_op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callruntime.definefieldbyindex imm1:u8, imm2:u32, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x02]
        prefix: callruntime
        format: [pref_op_imm1_8_imm2_32_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callruntime.topropertykey
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x03]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.createprivateproperty imm:u16, literalarray_id
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x04]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_id_16]
        prefix: callruntime
        properties: [literalarray_id]
      - sig: callruntime.defineprivateproperty imm1:u8, imm2:u16, imm3:u16, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x05]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_8_imm2_16_imm3_16_v_8]
        prefix: callruntime
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callruntime.callinit imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x06]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8_v_8]
        prefix: callruntime
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callruntime.definesendableclass imm1:u16, method_id, literalarray_id, imm2:u16, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x07]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_16_id1_16_id2_16_imm2_16_v_8]
        prefix: callruntime
        properties: [method_id, ic_slot, one_slot, sixteen_bit_ic, literalarray_id]
      - sig: callruntime.ldsendableclass imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x08]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.ldsendableexternalmodulevar imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x09]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.wideldsendableexternalmodulevar imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0a]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.newsendableenv imm:u8
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x0b]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.widenewsendableenv imm:u16
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x0c]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.stsendablevar imm1:u8, imm2:u8
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0d, 0x0e]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_4_imm2_4, pref_op_imm1_8_imm2_8]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.widestsendablevar imm1:u16, imm2:u16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0f]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_16_imm2_16]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.ldsendablevar imm1:u8, imm2:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x10, 0x11]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_4_imm2_4, pref_op_imm1_8_imm2_8]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.wideldsendablevar imm1:u16, imm2:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x12]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_16_imm2_16]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.istrue imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x13]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8]
        prefix: callruntime
        properties: [ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callruntime.isfalse imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x14]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8]
        prefix: callruntime
        properties: [ic_slot, one_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callruntime.ldlazymodulevar imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x15]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.wideldlazymodulevar imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x16]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.ldlazysendablemodulevar imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x17]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.wideldlazysendablemodulevar imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x18]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: callruntime
      - sig: callruntime.supercallforwardallargs v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x19]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: callruntime

  - title: throw instructions
    description: throw instructions
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: throw
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x00]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: throw
        exceptions:
          - x_throw
      - sig: throw.notexists
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x01]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: throw
      - sig: throw.patternnoncoercible
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x02]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: throw
      - sig: throw.deletesuperproperty
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x03]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: throw
      - sig: throw.constassignment v:in:top
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x04]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: throw
      - sig: throw.ifnotobject v:in:top
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x05]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: throw
        properties: [conditional_throw]
      - sig: throw.undefinedifhole v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x06]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: throw
        properties: [conditional_throw]
      - sig: throw.ifsupernotcorrectcall imm:u16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x07, 0x08]
        format: [pref_op_imm_8, pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: throw
        properties: [conditional_throw]
      - sig: throw.undefinedifholewithname string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x09]
        format: [pref_op_id_16]
        prefix: throw
        properties: [string_id, conditional_throw]

  - title: call instructions
    description: call
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: callarg0 imm:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x29]
        format: [op_imm_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.callarg0 v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0b]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: callarg1 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2a]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.callarg1 v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0c]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: callargs2 imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2b]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.callargs2 v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0d]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: callargs3 imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2c]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.callargs3 v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top, v4:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0e]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8_v4_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: callrange imm1:u8, imm2:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x73]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic, range_0]
      - sig: wide.callrange imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x04]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v_8]
        prefix: wide
        properties: [range_0]
      - sig: deprecated.callrange imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0f]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
        properties: [range_0]
      - sig: supercallspread imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xb9]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: apply imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xba]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.callspread v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x10]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: callthis0 imm:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2d]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callthis1 imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2e]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callthis2 imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2f]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callthis3 imm:u8, v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top, v4:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x30]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8_v4_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic]
      - sig: callthisrange imm1:u8, imm2:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x31]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic, range_0]
      - sig: wide.callthisrange imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x05]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v_8]
        prefix: wide
        properties: [range_1]
      - sig: deprecated.callthisrange imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x11]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
        properties: [range_1]
      - sig: supercallthisrange imm1:u8, imm2:u8, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x32]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic, range_0]
      - sig: wide.supercallthisrange imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x06]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v_8]
        prefix: wide
        properties: [range_0]
      - sig: supercallarrowrange imm1:u8, imm2:u8, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xbb]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_8_v_8]
        properties: [jit_ic_slot, two_slot, eight_bit_ic, range_0]
      - sig: wide.supercallarrowrange imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x07]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16_v_8]
        prefix: wide
        properties: [range_0]

  - title: definition instuctions
    description: instructions which define object
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: definegettersetterbyvalue v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top, v4:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xbc]
        format: [op_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8_v4_8]
      - sig: definefunc imm1:u16, method_id, imm2:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x33, 0x74]
        format: [op_imm1_8_id_16_imm2_8, op_imm1_16_id_16_imm2_8]
        properties: [method_id, ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: definemethod imm1:u16, method_id, imm2:u8
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x34, 0xbe]
        format: [op_imm1_8_id_16_imm2_8, op_imm1_16_id_16_imm2_8]
        properties: [method_id, ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: defineclasswithbuffer imm1:u16, method_id, literalarray_id, imm2:u16, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x35, 0x75]
        format: [op_imm1_8_id1_16_id2_16_imm2_16_v_8, op_imm1_16_id1_16_id2_16_imm2_16_v_8]
        properties: [method_id, ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic, literalarray_id]
      - sig: deprecated.defineclasswithbuffer method_id, imm1:u16, imm2:u16, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x12]
        format: [pref_op_id_16_imm1_16_imm2_16_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
        properties: [method_id]

  - title: object visitors
    description: instructions which visit object
    verification:
      - none
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - acc_read
      - acc_write
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      acc = ecma_op(acc, operand_0, ..., operands_n)
    semantics: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: resumegenerator
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xbf]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: deprecated.resumegenerator v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x13]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: getresumemode
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xc0]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: deprecated.getresumemode v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x14]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: gettemplateobject imm:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x76, 0xc1]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.gettemplateobject v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x15]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: getnextpropname v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x36]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: delobjprop v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xc2]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: deprecated.delobjprop v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x16]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: suspendgenerator v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xc3]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: deprecated.suspendgenerator v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x17]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: asyncfunctionawaituncaught v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xc4]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: deprecated.asyncfunctionawaituncaught v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x18]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: copydataproperties v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xc5]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: deprecated.copydataproperties v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x19]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: starrayspread v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xc6]
        format: [op_v1_8_v2_8]
      - sig: setobjectwithproto imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x77, 0xc7]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8, op_imm_16_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.setobjectwithproto v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x1a]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: ldobjbyvalue imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x37, 0x85]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8, op_imm_16_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.ldobjbyvalue v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1b]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: stobjbyvalue imm:u16, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x38, 0x86]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8, op_imm_16_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: stownbyvalue imm:u16, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x78, 0xc8]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8, op_imm_16_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldsuperbyvalue imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x39, 0x87]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8, op_imm_16_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.ldsuperbyvalue v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1c]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: stsuperbyvalue imm:u16, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0xc9, 0xca]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8, op_imm_16_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldobjbyindex imm1:u16, imm2:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x3a, 0x88]
        format: [op_imm1_8_imm2_16, op_imm1_16_imm2_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: wide.ldobjbyindex imm:u32
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x08]
        format: [pref_op_imm_32]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: deprecated.ldobjbyindex v:in:top, imm:u32
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1d]
        format: [pref_op_v_8_imm_32]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: stobjbyindex imm1:u16, v:in:top, imm2:u16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x3b, 0x89]
        format: [op_imm1_8_v_8_imm2_16, op_imm1_16_v_8_imm2_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: wide.stobjbyindex v:in:top, imm:u32
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x09]
        format: [pref_op_v_8_imm_32]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: stownbyindex imm1:u16, v:in:top, imm2:u16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x79, 0xcb]
        format: [op_imm1_8_v_8_imm2_16, op_imm1_16_v_8_imm2_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: wide.stownbyindex v:in:top, imm:u32
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0a]
        format: [pref_op_v_8_imm_32]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: asyncfunctionresolve v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xcd]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: deprecated.asyncfunctionresolve v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1e]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: asyncfunctionreject v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xce]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: deprecated.asyncfunctionreject v1:in:top, v2:in:top, v3:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x1f]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8_v3_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: copyrestargs imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xcf]
        format: [op_imm_8]
      - sig: wide.copyrestargs imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0b]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: ldlexvar imm1:u8, imm2:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x3c, 0x8a]
        format: [op_imm1_4_imm2_4, op_imm1_8_imm2_8]
      - sig: wide.ldlexvar imm1:u16, imm2:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0c]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_16_imm2_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: stlexvar imm1:u8, imm2:u8
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x3d, 0x8b]
        format: [op_imm1_4_imm2_4, op_imm1_8_imm2_8]
      - sig: wide.stlexvar imm1:u16, imm2:u16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0d]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_16_imm2_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: deprecated.stlexvar imm1:u16, imm2:u16, v:in:top
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x20, 0x21, 0x22]
        format: [pref_op_imm1_4_imm2_4_v_8, pref_op_imm1_8_imm2_8_v_8, pref_op_imm1_16_imm2_16_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: getmodulenamespace imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x7b]
        format: [op_imm_8]
      - sig: wide.getmodulenamespace imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0e]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: deprecated.getmodulenamespace string_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x23]
        format: [pref_op_id_32]
        properties: [string_id]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: stmodulevar imm:u8
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x7c]
        format: [op_imm_8]
      - sig: wide.stmodulevar imm:u16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x0f]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: deprecated.stmodulevar string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x24]
        format: [pref_op_id_32]
        properties: [string_id]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: tryldglobalbyname imm:u16, string_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x3f, 0x8c]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: trystglobalbyname imm:u16, string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x40, 0x8d]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, one_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldglobalvar imm:u16, string_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x41]
        format: [op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, one_slot, sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: stglobalvar imm:u16, string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x7f]
        format: [op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, one_slot, sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldobjbyname imm:u16, string_id
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x42, 0x90]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.ldobjbyname string_id, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x25]
        format: [pref_op_id_32_v_8]
        properties: [string_id]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: stobjbyname imm:u16, string_id, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x43, 0x91]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16_v_8, op_imm_16_id_16_v_8]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: stownbyname imm:u16, string_id, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x7a, 0xcc]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16_v_8, op_imm_16_id_16_v_8]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldsuperbyname imm:u16, string_id
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x46, 0x92]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.ldsuperbyname string_id, v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x26]
        format: [pref_op_id_32_v_8]
        properties: [string_id]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: stsuperbyname imm:u16, string_id, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0xd0, 0xd1]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16_v_8, op_imm_16_id_16_v_8]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldlocalmodulevar imm:u8
        opcode_idx: [0x7d]
        acc: out:top
        format: [op_imm_8]
      - sig: wide.ldlocalmodulevar imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x10]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: ldexternalmodulevar imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x7e]
        format: [op_imm_8]
      - sig: wide.ldexternalmodulevar imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x11]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: deprecated.ldmodulevar string_id, imm:u8
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x27]
        format: [pref_op_id_32_imm_8]
        prefix: deprecated
        properties: [string_id]
      - sig: stconsttoglobalrecord imm:u16, string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x47]
        format: [op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, one_slot, sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.stconsttoglobalrecord string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x28]
        format: [pref_op_id_32]
        properties: [string_id]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: sttoglobalrecord imm:u16, string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x48]
        format: [op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, one_slot, sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: deprecated.stlettoglobalrecord string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x29]
        format: [pref_op_id_32]
        properties: [string_id]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: deprecated.stclasstoglobalrecord string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2a]
        format: [pref_op_id_32]
        properties: [string_id]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: deprecated.ldhomeobject
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2b]
        format: [pref_op_none]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: deprecated.createobjecthavingmethod imm:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2c]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: stownbyvaluewithnameset imm:u16, v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x99, 0xd2]
        format: [op_imm_8_v1_8_v2_8, op_imm_16_v1_8_v2_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: stownbynamewithnameset imm:u16, string_id, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x8e, 0xd4]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16_v_8, op_imm_16_id_16_v_8]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldbigint string_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0xd3]
        format: [op_id_16]
        properties: [string_id]
      - sig: ldthisbyname imm:u16, string_id
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x49, 0x93]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: stthisbyname imm:u16, string_id
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x4a, 0x94]
        format: [op_imm_8_id_16, op_imm_16_id_16]
        properties: [string_id, ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: ldthisbyvalue imm:u16
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x4b, 0x95]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: stthisbyvalue imm:u16, v:in:top
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x4c, 0x96]
        format: [op_imm_8_v_8, op_imm_16_v_8]
        properties: [ic_slot, two_slot, eight_sixteen_bit_ic]
      - sig: wide.ldpatchvar imm:u16
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x12]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: wide.stpatchvar imm:u16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x13]
        format: [pref_op_imm_16]
        prefix: wide
      - sig: dynamicimport
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0xbd]
        format: [op_none]
      - sig: deprecated.dynamicimport v:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2d]
        format: [pref_op_v_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: asyncgeneratorreject v:in:top
        acc: inout:top
        opcode_idx: [0x97]
        format: [op_v_8]
      - sig: deprecated.asyncgeneratorreject v1:in:top, v2:in:top
        acc: out:top
        opcode_idx: [0x2e]
        format: [pref_op_v1_8_v2_8]
        prefix: deprecated
      - sig: setgeneratorstate imm:u8
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0xd6]
        format: [op_imm_8]

  - title: Load accumulator from string constant pool
    description: >
      Load string specified by id into accumulator. In dynamically-typed language context
      load string as 'any' value.
    properties:
      - string_id
      - language_type
      - maybe_dynamic
    exceptions:
      - x_oom
    verification:
      - constant_string_id
    pseudo: |
      acc = load(id)
    instructions:
      - sig: lda.str string_id
        acc: out:ref
        opcode_idx: [0x3e]
        format: [op_id_16]

  - title: jump operations
    description: >
      Transfer execution to an instruction at offset bytes from the beginning of the current
      instruction. Offset is sign extended to the size of instruction address.
    properties:
      - jump
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    verification:
      - branch_target
    pseudo: |
      pc += imm
    instructions:
      - sig: jmp imm:i32
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x4d, 0x4e, 0x98]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16, op_imm_32]
      - sig: jeqz imm:i32
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x4f, 0x50, 0x9a]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16, op_imm_32]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jnez imm:i32
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x51, 0x9b, 0x9c]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16, op_imm_32]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jstricteqz imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x52, 0x9d]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jnstricteqz imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x53, 0x9e]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jeqnull imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x54, 0x9f]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jnenull imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x55, 0xa0]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jstricteqnull imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x56, 0xa1]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jnstricteqnull imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x57, 0xa2]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jequndefined imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x58, 0xa3]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jneundefined imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x59, 0xa4]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jstrictequndefined imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x5a, 0xa5]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jnstrictequndefined imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x5b, 0xa6]
        format: [op_imm_8, op_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jeq v:in:top, imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x5c, 0xa7]
        format: [op_v_8_imm_8, op_v_8_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jne v:in:top, imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x5d, 0xa8]
        format: [op_v_8_imm_8, op_v_8_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jstricteq v:in:top, imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x5e, 0xa9]
        format: [op_v_8_imm_8, op_v_8_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]
      - sig: jnstricteq v:in:top, imm:i16
        acc: in:top
        opcode_idx: [0x5f, 0xaa]
        format: [op_v_8_imm_8, op_v_8_imm_16]
        properties: [conditional]

  - title: Dynamic move register-to-register
    description: >
      Move 'any' values between registers
    verification:
      - valid_in_dynamic_context
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - dynamic
    pseudo: |
      vd = vs
    instructions:
      - sig: mov v1:out:any, v2:in:any
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x44, 0x45, 0x8f]
        format: [op_v1_4_v2_4, op_v1_8_v2_8, op_v1_16_v2_16]

  - title: Dynamic load accumulator from register
    description: >
      Move 'any' value from register to accumulator
    verification:
      - valid_in_dynamic_context
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - dynamic
    pseudo: |
      acc = v
    instructions:
      - sig: lda v:in:any
        acc: out:any
        opcode_idx: [0x60]
        format: [op_v_8]

  - title: Dynamic store accumulator
    description: >
      Move 'any' value from accumulator to register
    verification:
      - valid_in_dynamic_context
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - dynamic
    pseudo: |
      v = acc
    instructions:
      - sig: sta v:out:any
        acc: in:any
        opcode_idx: [0x61]
        format: [op_v_8]

  - title: Dynamic load accumulator from immediate
    description: >
      Move immediate as 'any' value to accumulator
    verification:
      - valid_in_dynamic_context
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - dynamic
    pseudo: |
      acc = imm
    instructions:
      - sig: ldai imm:i32
        acc: out:any
        opcode_idx: [0x62]
        format: [op_imm_32]
      - sig: fldai imm:f64
        acc: out:any
        opcode_idx: [0x63]
        format: [op_imm_64]
        properties: [float, dynamic]

  - title: dynamic return
    description: dynamic return from method
    verification:
      - valid_in_dynamic_context
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    properties:
      - dynamic
      - return
    namespace: ecmascript
    pseudo: |
      return acc
    instructions:
      - sig: return
        acc: in:any
        opcode_idx: [0x64]
        format: [op_none]
        properties: [return]
      - sig: returnundefined
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0x65]
        properties: [return]
        format: [op_none]

  - title: no operation
    description: Perform an operation without behavior
    exceptions:
      - x_none
    verification:
      - none
    pseudo: |
      skip
    instructions:
      - sig: nop
        acc: none
        opcode_idx: [0xd5]
        format: [op_none]