#include "tool_setup.h" #ifndef HAVE_LIBZ /* * NEVER EVER edit this manually, fix the mkhelp.pl script instead! */ #ifdef USE_MANUAL #include "tool_hugehelp.h" void hugehelp(void) { fputs( " _ _ ____ _\n" " Project ___| | | | _ \\| |\n" " / __| | | | |_) | |\n" " | (__| |_| | _ <| |___\n" " \\___|\\___/|_| \\_\\_____|\n" "\n" "NAME\n" " curl - transfer a URL\n" "\n" "SYNOPSIS\n" " curl [options / URLs]\n" "\n" "DESCRIPTION\n" " curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server using URLs. It\n" " supports these protocols: DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP,\n" , stdout); fputs( " HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP,\n" " SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET, TFTP, WS and WSS.\n" "\n" " curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See\n" " libcurl(3) for details.\n" "\n" "URL\n" " The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You find a detailed description\n" " in RFC 3986.\n" "\n" " If you provide a URL without a leading protocol:// scheme, curl guesses\n" , stdout); fputs( " what protocol you want. It then defaults to HTTP but assumes others\n" " based on often-used host name prefixes. For example, for host names\n" " starting with \"ftp.\" curl assumes you want FTP.\n" "\n" " You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They are\n" " fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order unless you use\n" " -Z, --parallel. You can specify command line options and URLs mixed and\n" " in any order on the command line.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl attempts to reuse connections when doing multiple transfers, so\n" " that getting many files from the same server do not use multiple con-\n" " nects and setup handshakes. This improves speed. Connection reuse can\n" " only be done for URLs specified for a single command line invocation\n" " and cannot be performed between separate curl runs.\n" "\n" " Provide an IPv6 zone id in the URL with an escaped percentage sign.\n" " Like in\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"http://[fe80::3%25eth0]/\"\n" "\n" " Everything provided on the command line that is not a command line op-\n" " tion or its argument, curl assumes is a URL and treats it as such.\n" "\n" "GLOBBING\n" " You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing lists within\n" " braces or ranges within brackets. We call this \"globbing\".\n" "\n" " Provide a list with three different names like this:\n" "\n" " \"http://site.{one,two,three}.com\"\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Do sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:\n" "\n" " \"ftp://ftp.example.com/file[1-100].txt\"\n" "\n" " With leading zeroes:\n" "\n" " \"ftp://ftp.example.com/file[001-100].txt\"\n" "\n" " With letters through the alphabet:\n" "\n" " \"ftp://ftp.example.com/file[a-z].txt\"\n" "\n" " Nested sequences are not supported, but you can use several ones next\n" " to each other:\n" "\n" " \"http://example.com/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part{a,b,c}.html\"\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " You can specify a step counter for the ranges to get every Nth number\n" " or letter:\n" "\n" " \"http://example.com/file[1-100:10].txt\"\n" "\n" " \"http://example.com/file[a-z:2].txt\"\n" "\n" " When using [] or {} sequences when invoked from a command line prompt,\n" " you probably have to put the full URL within double quotes to avoid the\n" " shell from interfering with it. This also goes for other characters\n" " treated special, like for example '&', '?' and '*'.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Switch off globbing with -g, --globoff.\n" "\n" "VARIABLES\n" " curl supports command line variables (added in 8.3.0). Set variables\n" " with --variable name=content or --variable name@file (where \"file\" can\n" " be stdin if set to a single dash (-)).\n" "\n" " Variable contents can be expanded in option parameters using \"{{name}}\"\n" " (without the quotes) if the option name is prefixed with \"--expand-\".\n" " This gets the contents of the variable \"name\" inserted, or a blank if\n" , stdout); fputs( " the name does not exist as a variable. Insert \"{{\" verbatim in the\n" " string by prefixing it with a backslash, like \"\\{{\".\n" "\n" " You an access and expand environment variables by first importing them.\n" " You can select to either require the environment variable to be set or\n" " you can provide a default value in case it is not already set. Plain\n" " --variable %name imports the variable called 'name' but exits with an\n" , stdout); fputs( " error if that environment variable is not already set. To provide a de-\n" " fault value if it is not set, use --variable %name=content or --vari-\n" " able %name@content.\n" "\n" " Example. Get the USER environment variable into the URL, fail if USER\n" " is not set:\n" "\n" " --variable '%USER'\n" " --expand-url = \"https://example.com/api/{{USER}}/method\"\n" "\n" " When expanding variables, curl supports a set of functions that can\n" , stdout); fputs( " make the variable contents more convenient to use. It can trim leading\n" " and trailing white space with trim, it can output the contents as a\n" " JSON quoted string with json, URL encode the string with url or base64\n" " encode it with b64. You apply function to a variable expansion, add\n" " them colon separated to the right side of the variable. Variable con-\n" " tent holding null bytes that are not encoded when expanded cause error.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example: get the contents of a file called $HOME/.secret into a vari-\n" " able called \"fix\". Make sure that the content is trimmed and per-\n" " cent-encoded sent as POST data:\n" "\n" " --variable %HOME\n" " --expand-variable fix@{{HOME}}/.secret\n" " --expand-data \"{{fix:trim:url}}\"\n" " https://example.com/\n" "\n" " Command line variables and expansions were added in in 8.3.0.\n" "\n" "OUTPUT\n" " If not told otherwise, curl writes the received data to stdout. It can\n" , stdout); fputs( " be instructed to instead save that data into a local file, using the\n" " -o, --output or -O, --remote-name options. If curl is given multiple\n" " URLs to transfer on the command line, it similarly needs multiple op-\n" " tions for where to save them.\n" "\n" " curl does not parse or otherwise \"understand\" the content it gets or\n" " writes as output. It does no encoding or decoding, unless explicitly\n" " asked to with dedicated command line options.\n" "\n" "PROTOCOLS\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl supports numerous protocols, or put in URL terms: schemes. Your\n" " particular build may not support them all.\n" "\n" " DICT Lets you lookup words using online dictionaries.\n" "\n" " FILE Read or write local files. curl does not support accessing\n" " file:// URL remotely, but when running on Microsoft Windows us-\n" " ing the native UNC approach works.\n" "\n" " FTP(S) curl supports the File Transfer Protocol with a lot of tweaks\n" , stdout); fputs( " and levers. With or without using TLS.\n" "\n" " GOPHER(S)\n" " Retrieve files.\n" "\n" " HTTP(S)\n" " curl supports HTTP with numerous options and variations. It can\n" " speak HTTP version 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2 and 3 depending on build op-\n" " tions and the correct command line options.\n" "\n" " IMAP(S)\n" " Using the mail reading protocol, curl can \"download\" emails for\n" " you. With or without using TLS.\n" "\n" " LDAP(S)\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl can do directory lookups for you, with or without TLS.\n" "\n" " MQTT curl supports MQTT version 3. Downloading over MQTT equals \"sub-\n" " scribe\" to a topic while uploading/posting equals \"publish\" on a\n" " topic. MQTT over TLS is not supported (yet).\n" "\n" " POP3(S)\n" " Downloading from a pop3 server means getting a mail. With or\n" " without using TLS.\n" "\n" " RTMP(S)\n" , stdout); fputs( " The Realtime Messaging Protocol is primarily used to serve\n" " streaming media and curl can download it.\n" "\n" " RTSP curl supports RTSP 1.0 downloads.\n" "\n" " SCP curl supports SSH version 2 scp transfers.\n" "\n" " SFTP curl supports SFTP (draft 5) done over SSH version 2.\n" "\n" " SMB(S) curl supports SMB version 1 for upload and download.\n" "\n" " SMTP(S)\n" " Uploading contents to an SMTP server means sending an email.\n" , stdout); fputs( " With or without TLS.\n" "\n" " TELNET Telling curl to fetch a telnet URL starts an interactive session\n" " where it sends what it reads on stdin and outputs what the\n" " server sends it.\n" "\n" " TFTP curl can do TFTP downloads and uploads.\n" "\n" "PROGRESS METER\n" " curl normally displays a progress meter during operations, indicating\n" " the amount of transferred data, transfer speeds and estimated time\n" , stdout); fputs( " left, etc. The progress meter displays the transfer rate in bytes per\n" " second. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P) are 1024 based. For example 1k is\n" " 1024 bytes. 1M is 1048576 bytes.\n" "\n" " curl displays this data to the terminal by default, so if you invoke\n" " curl to do an operation and it is about to write data to the terminal,\n" " it disables the progress meter as otherwise it would mess up the output\n" " mixing progress meter and response data.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to\n" " redirect the response output to a file, using shell redirect (>), -o,\n" " --output or similar.\n" "\n" " This does not apply to FTP upload as that operation does not spit out\n" " any response data to the terminal.\n" "\n" " If you prefer a progress \"bar\" instead of the regular meter, -#,\n" " --progress-bar is your friend. You can also disable the progress meter\n" , stdout); fputs( " completely with the -s, --silent option.\n" "\n" "VERSION\n" " This man page describes curl %VERSION. If you use a later version,\n" " chances are this man page does not fully document it. If you use an\n" " earlier version, this document tries to include version information\n" " about which specific version that introduced changes.\n" "\n" " You can always learn which the latest curl version is by running\n" "\n" " curl https://curl.se/info\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The online version of this man page is always showing the latest incar-\n" " nation: https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html\n" "\n" "OPTIONS\n" " Options start with one or two dashes. Many of the options require an\n" " additional value next to them. If provided text does not start with a\n" " dash, it is presumed to be and treated as a URL.\n" "\n" " The short \"single-dash\" form of the options, -d for example, may be\n" , stdout); fputs( " used with or without a space between it and its value, although a space\n" " is a recommended separator. The long \"double-dash\" form, -d, --data for\n" " example, requires a space between it and its value.\n" "\n" " Short version options that do not need any additional values can be\n" " used immediately next to each other, like for example you can specify\n" " all the options -O, -L and -v at once as -OLv.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " In general, all boolean options are enabled with --option and yet again\n" " disabled with --no-option. That is, you use the same option name but\n" " prefix it with \"no-\". However, in this list we mostly only list and\n" " show the --option version of them.\n" "\n" " When -:, --next is used, it resets the parser state and you start again\n" " with a clean option state, except for the options that are \"global\".\n" , stdout); fputs( " Global options retain their values and meaning even after -:, --next.\n" "\n" " The following options are global: --fail-early, --libcurl, --paral-\n" " lel-immediate, -Z, --parallel, -#, --progress-bar, --rate, -S,\n" " --show-error, --stderr, --styled-output, --trace-ascii, --trace-config,\n" " --trace-ids, --trace-time, --trace and -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" " --abstract-unix-socket \n" " (HTTP) Connect through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead\n" , stdout); fputs( " of using the network. Note: netstat shows the path of an ab-\n" " stract socket prefixed with '@', however the argument\n" " should not have this leading character.\n" "\n" " If --abstract-unix-socket is provided several times, the last\n" " set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --abstract-unix-socket socketpath https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --unix-socket. Added in 7.53.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --alt-svc \n" " (HTTPS) This option enables the alt-svc parser in curl. If the\n" " file name points to an existing alt-svc cache file, that gets\n" " used. After a completed transfer, the cache is saved to the file\n" " name again if it has been modified.\n" "\n" " Specify a \"\" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and\n" " make curl just handle the cache in memory.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, curl loads contents from\n" " all the files but the last one is used for saving.\n" "\n" " --alt-svc can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --alt-svc svc.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --resolve and --connect-to. Added in 7.64.1.\n" "\n" " --anyauth\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself,\n" , stdout); fputs( " and use the most secure one the remote site claims to support.\n" " This is done by first doing a request and checking the re-\n" " sponse-headers, thus possibly inducing an extra network\n" " round-trip. This is used instead of setting a specific authenti-\n" " cation method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm,\n" " and --negotiate.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin,\n" " since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client\n" " must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when uploading\n" " from stdin, the upload operation fails.\n" "\n" " Used together with -u, --user.\n" "\n" " Providing --anyauth multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --anyauth --user me:pwd https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-anyauth, --basic and --digest.\n" "\n" " -a, --append\n" " (FTP SFTP) When used in an upload, this option makes curl append\n" " to the target file instead of overwriting it. If the remote file\n" " does not exist, it is created. Note that this flag is ignored by\n" " some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH).\n" "\n" " Providing --append multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-append.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --upload-file local --append ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -r, --range and -C, --continue-at.\n" "\n" " --aws-sigv4 \n" " (HTTP) Use AWS V4 signature authentication in the transfer.\n" "\n" " The provider argument is a string that is used by the algorithm\n" " when creating outgoing authentication headers.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The region argument is a string that points to a geographic area\n" " of a resources collection (region-code) when the region name is\n" " omitted from the endpoint.\n" "\n" " The service argument is a string that points to a function pro-\n" " vided by a cloud (service-code) when the service name is omitted\n" " from the endpoint.\n" "\n" " If --aws-sigv4 is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --aws-sigv4 \"aws:amz:us-east-2:es\" --user \"key:secret\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --basic and -u, --user. Added in 7.75.0.\n" "\n" " --basic\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication with the re-\n" " mote host. This is the default and this option is usually point-\n" " less, unless you use it to override a previously set option that\n" , stdout); fputs( " sets a different authentication method (such as --ntlm, --di-\n" " gest, or --negotiate).\n" "\n" " Used together with -u, --user.\n" "\n" " Providing --basic multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -u name:password --basic https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --ca-native\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the CA store from the native operating\n" , stdout); fputs( " system to verify the peer. By default, curl otherwise uses a CA\n" " store provided in a single file or directory, but when using\n" " this option it interfaces the operating system's own vault.\n" "\n" " This option works for curl on Windows when built to use OpenSSL,\n" " wolfSSL (added in 8.3.0) or GnuTLS (added in 8.5.0). When curl\n" " on Windows is built to use Schannel, this feature is implied and\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl then only uses the native CA store.\n" "\n" " Providing --ca-native multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-ca-native.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ca-native https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --cacert, --capath and -k, --insecure. Added in 8.2.0.\n" "\n" " --cacert \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify\n" , stdout); fputs( " the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The\n" " certificate(s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to\n" " use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to\n" " alter that default file.\n" "\n" " curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE'\n" " if it is set and the TLS backend is not Schannel, and uses the\n" , stdout); fputs( " given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option overrides\n" " that variable.\n" "\n" " The windows version of curl automatically looks for a CA certs\n" " file named 'curl-ca-bundle.crt', either in the same directory as\n" " curl.exe, or in the Current Working Directory, or in any folder\n" " along your PATH.\n" "\n" " (iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport,\n" , stdout); fputs( " then this option is supported for backward compatibility with\n" " other SSL engines, but it should not be set. If the option is\n" " not set, then curl uses the certificates in the system and user\n" " Keychain to verify the peer, which is the preferred method of\n" " verifying the peer's certificate chain.\n" "\n" " (Schannel only) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows\n" , stdout); fputs( " 7 or later (added in 7.60.0). This option is supported for back-\n" " ward compatibility with other SSL engines; instead it is recom-\n" " mended to use Windows' store of root certificates (the default\n" " for Schannel).\n" "\n" " If --cacert is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cacert CA-file.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --capath and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --capath \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to\n" " verify the peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separating\n" " them with \":\" (e.g. \"path1:path2:path3\"). The certificates must\n" " be in PEM format, and if curl is built against OpenSSL, the di-\n" " rectory must have been processed using the c_rehash utility sup-\n" , stdout); fputs( " plied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow OpenSSL-powered\n" " curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using\n" " --cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.\n" "\n" " If this option is set, the default capath value is ignored.\n" "\n" " If --capath is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --capath /local/directory https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --cacert and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --cert-status\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to verify the status of the server certificate\n" " by using the Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS\n" " extension.\n" "\n" " If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g.\n" " expired) response, if the response suggests that the server cer-\n" " tificate has been revoked, or no response at all is received,\n" , stdout); fputs( " the verification fails.\n" "\n" " This is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL and GnuTLS\n" " backends.\n" "\n" " Providing --cert-status multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-cert-status.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cert-status https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --pinnedpubkey.\n" "\n" " --cert-type \n" " (TLS) Tells curl what type the provided client certificate is\n" , stdout); fputs( " using. PEM, DER, ENG and P12 are recognized types.\n" "\n" " The default type depends on the TLS backend and is usually PEM,\n" " however for Secure Transport and Schannel it is P12. If -E,\n" " --cert is a pkcs11: URI then ENG is the default type.\n" "\n" " If --cert-type is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cert-type PEM --cert file https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -E, --cert, --key and --key-type.\n" "\n" " -E, --cert \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file\n" " when getting a file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based proto-\n" " col. The certificate must be in PKCS#12 format if using Secure\n" " Transport, or PEM format if using any other engine. If the op-\n" " tional password is not specified, it is queried for on the ter-\n" , stdout); fputs( " minal. Note that this option assumes a certificate file that is\n" " the private key and the client certificate concatenated. See -E,\n" " --cert and --key to specify them independently.\n" "\n" " In the portion of the argument, you must escape\n" " the character \":\" as \"\\:\" so that it is not recognized as the\n" " password delimiter. Similarly, you must escape the double quote\n" , stdout); fputs( " character as \\\" so that it is not recognized as an escape char-\n" " acter.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11\n" " is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to spec-\n" " ify a certificate located in a PKCS#11 device. A string begin-\n" " ning with \"pkcs11:\" is interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a\n" " PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option is set as\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"pkcs11\" if none was provided and the --cert-type option is set\n" " as \"ENG\" if none was provided.\n" "\n" " (iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport,\n" " then the certificate string can either be the name of a certifi-\n" " cate/private key in the system or user keychain, or the path to\n" " a PKCS#12-encoded certificate and private key. If you want to\n" , stdout); fputs( " use a file from the current directory, please precede it with\n" " \"./\" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.\n" "\n" " (Schannel only) Client certificates must be specified by a path\n" " expression to a certificate store. (Loading PFX is not sup-\n" " ported; you can import it to a store first). You can use \"\\\\\" to refer to a certificate\n" , stdout); fputs( " in the system certificates store, for example, \"Curren-\n" " tUser\\MY\\934a7ac6f8a5d579285a74fa61e19f23ddfe8d7a\". Thumbprint\n" " is usually a SHA-1 hex string which you can see in certificate\n" " details. Following store locations are supported: CurrentUser,\n" " LocalMachine, CurrentService, Services, CurrentUserGroupPolicy,\n" " LocalMachineGroupPolicy and LocalMachineEnterprise.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --cert is provided several times, the last set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cert certfile --key keyfile https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --cert-type, --key and --key-type.\n" "\n" " --ciphers \n" " (TLS) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list\n" " of ciphers must specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher\n" " list details on this URL:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html\n" "\n" " If --ciphers is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-CCM8 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tlsv1.3, --tls13-ciphers and --proxy-ciphers.\n" "\n" " --compressed-ssh\n" " (SCP SFTP) Enables built-in SSH compression. This is a request,\n" " not an order; the server may or may not do it.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --compressed-ssh multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-compressed-ssh.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --compressed-ssh sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --compressed. Added in 7.56.0.\n" "\n" " --compressed\n" " (HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms\n" " curl supports, and automatically decompress the content.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Response headers are not modified when saved, so if they are\n" " \"interpreted\" separately again at a later point they might ap-\n" " pear to be saying that the content is (still) compressed; while\n" " in fact it has already been decompressed.\n" "\n" " If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported en-\n" " coding, curl reports an error. This is a request, not an order;\n" , stdout); fputs( " the server may or may not deliver data compressed.\n" "\n" " Providing --compressed multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-compressed.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --compressed https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --compressed-ssh.\n" "\n" " -K, --config \n" " Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command\n" " line arguments found in the text file are used as if they were\n" , stdout); fputs( " provided on the command line.\n" "\n" " Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line\n" " in the file, separated by whitespace, colon, or the equals sign.\n" " Long option names can optionally be given in the config file\n" " without the initial double dashes and if so, the colon or equals\n" " characters can be used as separators. If the option is specified\n" , stdout); fputs( " with one or two dashes, there can be no colon or equals charac-\n" " ter between the option and its parameter.\n" "\n" " If the parameter contains whitespace or starts with a colon (:)\n" " or equals sign (=), it must be specified enclosed within double\n" " quotes (\"). Within double quotes the following escape sequences\n" " are available: \\\\, \\\", \\t, \\n, \\r and \\v. A backslash preceding\n" " any other letter is ignored.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If the first non-blank column of a config line is a '#' charac-\n" " ter, that line is treated as a comment.\n" "\n" " Only write one option per physical line in the config file. A\n" " single line is required to be no more than 10 megabytes (since\n" " 8.2.0).\n" "\n" " Specify the filename to -K, --config as '-' to make curl read\n" " the file from stdin.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you\n" " need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply\n" " writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to\n" " this:\n" "\n" " url = \"https://curl.se/docs/\"\n" "\n" " # --- Example file ---\n" " # this is a comment\n" " url = \"example.com\"\n" " output = \"curlhere.html\"\n" " user-agent = \"superagent/1.0\"\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " # and fetch another URL too\n" " url = \"example.com/docs/manpage.html\"\n" " -O\n" " referer = \"http://nowhereatall.example.com/\"\n" " # --- End of example file ---\n" "\n" " When curl is invoked, it (unless -q, --disable is used) checks\n" " for a default config file and uses it if found, even when -K,\n" " --config is used. The default config file is checked for in the\n" " following places in this order:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " 1) \"$CURL_HOME/.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 2) \"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/curlrc\" (Added in 7.73.0)\n" "\n" " 3) \"$HOME/.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 4) Windows: \"%USERPROFILE%\\.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 5) Windows: \"%APPDATA%\\.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 6) Windows: \"%USERPROFILE%\\Application Data\\.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 7) Non-Windows: use getpwuid to find the home directory\n" "\n" " 8) On Windows, if it finds no .curlrc file in the sequence de-\n" , stdout); fputs( " scribed above, it checks for one in the same dir the curl exe-\n" " cutable is placed.\n" "\n" " On Windows two filenames are checked per location: .curlrc and\n" " _curlrc, preferring the former. Older versions on Windows\n" " checked for _curlrc only.\n" "\n" " --config can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --config file.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -q, --disable.\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " --connect-timeout \n" " Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to\n" " take. This only limits the connection phase, so if curl connects\n" " within the given period it continues - if not it exits.\n" "\n" " This option accepts decimal values. The decimal value needs to\n" " be provided using a dot (.) as decimal separator - not the local\n" , stdout); fputs( " version even if it might be using another separator.\n" "\n" " The connection phase is considered complete when the DNS lookup\n" " and requested TCP, TLS or QUIC handshakes are done.\n" "\n" " If --connect-timeout is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --connect-timeout 20 https://example.com\n" " curl --connect-timeout 3.14 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -m, --max-time.\n" "\n" " --connect-to \n" " For a request to the given \"HOST1:PORT1\" pair, connect to\n" " \"HOST2:PORT2\" instead. This option is suitable to direct re-\n" " quests at a specific server, e.g. at a specific cluster node in\n" " a cluster of servers. This option is only used to establish the\n" " network connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port that is\n" , stdout); fputs( " used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the\n" " application protocols. \"HOST1\" and \"PORT1\" may be the empty\n" " string, meaning \"any host/port\". \"HOST2\" and \"PORT2\" may also be\n" " the empty string, meaning \"use the request's original\n" " host/port\".\n" "\n" " A hostname specified to this option is compared as a string, so\n" , stdout); fputs( " it needs to match the name used in request URL. It can be either\n" " numerical such as \"127.0.0.1\" or the full host name such as \"ex-\n" " ample.org\".\n" "\n" " --connect-to can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --connect-to example.com:443:example.net:8443 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --resolve and -H, --header.\n" "\n" " -C, --continue-at \n" , stdout); fputs( " Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset.\n" " The given offset is the exact number of bytes that are skipped,\n" " counting from the beginning of the source file before it is\n" " transferred to the destination. If used with uploads, the FTP\n" " server command SIZE is not used by curl.\n" "\n" " Use \"-C -\" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to\n" , stdout); fputs( " resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files\n" " to figure that out.\n" "\n" " If --continue-at is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -C - https://example.com\n" " curl -C 400 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -r, --range.\n" "\n" " -c, --cookie-jar \n" " (HTTP) Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies\n" , stdout); fputs( " after a completed operation. Curl writes all cookies from its\n" " in-memory cookie storage to the given file at the end of opera-\n" " tions. If no cookies are known, no data is written. The file is\n" " created using the Netscape cookie file format. If you set the\n" " file name to a single dash, \"-\", the cookies are written to std-\n" " out.\n" "\n" " The file specified with -c, --cookie-jar is only used for out-\n" , stdout); fputs( " put. No cookies are read from the file. To read cookies, use the\n" " -b, --cookie option. Both options can specify the same file.\n" "\n" " This command line option activates the cookie engine that makes\n" " curl record and use cookies. The -b, --cookie option also acti-\n" " vates it.\n" "\n" " If the cookie jar cannot be created or written to, the whole\n" " curl operation does not fail or even report an error clearly.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Using -v, --verbose gets a warning displayed, but that is the\n" " only visible feedback you get about this possibly lethal situa-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" " If --cookie-jar is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -c store-here.txt https://example.com\n" " curl -c store-here.txt -b read-these https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -b, --cookie.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -b, --cookie \n" " (HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It\n" " is supposedly the data previously received from the server in a\n" " \"Set-Cookie:\" line. The data should be in the format\n" " \"NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2\". This makes curl use the cookie\n" " header with this content explicitly in all outgoing request(s).\n" , stdout); fputs( " If multiple requests are done due to authentication, followed\n" " redirects or similar, they all get this cookie passed on.\n" "\n" " If no '=' symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated\n" " as a filename to read previously stored cookie from. This option\n" " also activates the cookie engine which makes curl record incom-\n" " ing cookies, which may be handy if you are using this in combi-\n" , stdout); fputs( " nation with the -L, --location option or do multiple URL trans-\n" " fers on the same invoke.\n" "\n" " If the file name is exactly a minus (\"-\"), curl instead reads\n" " the contents from stdin. If the file name is an empty string\n" " (\"\") and is the only cookie input, curl will activate the cookie\n" " engine without any cookies.\n" "\n" " The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain\n" , stdout); fputs( " HTTP headers (Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie\n" " file format.\n" "\n" " The file specified with -b, --cookie is only used as input. No\n" " cookies are written to the file. To store cookies, use the -c,\n" " --cookie-jar option.\n" "\n" " If you use the Set-Cookie file format and do not specify a do-\n" " main then the cookie is not sent since the domain never matches.\n" , stdout); fputs( " To address this, set a domain in Set-Cookie line (doing that in-\n" " cludes subdomains) or preferably: use the Netscape format.\n" "\n" " Users often want to both read cookies from a file and write up-\n" " dated cookies back to a file, so using both -b, --cookie and -c,\n" " --cookie-jar in the same command line is common.\n" "\n" " If curl is built with PSL (Public Suffix List) support, it de-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tects and discards cookies that are specified for such suffix\n" " domains that should not be allowed to have cookies. If curl is\n" " not built with PSL support, it has no ability to stop super\n" " cookies.\n" "\n" " --cookie can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -b \"\" https://example.com\n" " curl -b cookiefile https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -b cookiefile -c cookiefile https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -c, --cookie-jar and -j, --junk-session-cookies.\n" "\n" " --create-dirs\n" " When used in conjunction with the -o, --output option, curl cre-\n" " ates the necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This op-\n" " tion creates the directories mentioned with the -o, --output op-\n" " tion combined with the path possibly set with --output-dir. If\n" , stdout); fputs( " the combined output file name uses no directory, or if the di-\n" " rectories it mentions already exist, no directories are created.\n" " Created directories are made with mode 0750 on unix style file\n" " systems.\n" "\n" " To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try\n" " --ftp-create-dirs.\n" "\n" " Providing --create-dirs multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-create-dirs.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --create-dirs --output local/dir/file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-create-dirs and --output-dir.\n" "\n" " --create-file-mode \n" " (SFTP SCP FILE) When curl is used to create files remotely using\n" " one of the supported protocols, this option allows the user to\n" " set which 'mode' to set on the file at creation time, instead of\n" , stdout); fputs( " the default 0644.\n" "\n" " This option takes an octal number as argument.\n" "\n" " If --create-file-mode is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --create-file-mode 0777 -T localfile sftp://example.com/new\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-create-dirs. Added in 7.75.0.\n" "\n" " --crlf (FTP SMTP) Convert line feeds to carriage return plus line feeds\n" " in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " (SMTP added in 7.40.0)\n" "\n" " Providing --crlf multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it\n" " again with --no-crlf.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --crlf -T file ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -B, --use-ascii.\n" "\n" " --crlfile \n" " (TLS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revoca-\n" " tion List that may specify peer certificates that are to be con-\n" " sidered revoked.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --crlfile is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --crlfile rejects.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --cacert and --capath.\n" "\n" " --curves \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to request specific curves to use during SSL\n" " session establishment according to RFC 8422, 5.1. Multiple algo-\n" , stdout); fputs( " rithms can be provided by separating them with \":\" (e.g.\n" " \"X25519:P-521\"). The parameter is available identically in the\n" " OpenSSL \"s_client\" and \"s_server\" utilities.\n" "\n" " --curves allows a OpenSSL powered curl to make SSL-connections\n" " with exactly the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding\n" " nontransparent client/server negotiations.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is set, the default curves list built into\n" " OpenSSL are ignored.\n" "\n" " If --curves is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --curves X25519 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ciphers. Added in 7.73.0.\n" "\n" " --data-ascii \n" " (HTTP) This is just an alias for -d, --data.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --data-ascii can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --data-ascii @file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --data-binary, --data-raw and --data-urlencode.\n" "\n" " --data-binary \n" " (HTTP) This posts data exactly as specified with no extra pro-\n" " cessing whatsoever.\n" "\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" , stdout); fputs( " filename. Data is posted in a similar manner as -d, --data does,\n" " except that newlines and carriage returns are preserved and con-\n" " versions are never done.\n" "\n" " Like -d, --data the default content-type sent to the server is\n" " application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be\n" " treated as arbitrary binary data by the server then set the con-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tent-type to octet-stream: -H \"Content-Type: applica-\n" " tion/octet-stream\".\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the ones following the\n" " first append data as described in -d, --data.\n" "\n" " --data-binary can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --data-binary @filename https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --data-ascii.\n" "\n" " --data-raw \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) This posts data similarly to -d, --data but without the\n" " special interpretation of the @ character.\n" "\n" " --data-raw can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --data-raw \"hello\" https://example.com\n" " curl --data-raw \"@at@at@\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data.\n" "\n" " --data-urlencode \n" " (HTTP) This posts data, similar to the other -d, --data options\n" , stdout); fputs( " with the exception that this performs URL-encoding.\n" "\n" " To be CGI-compliant, the part should begin with a name\n" " followed by a separator and a content specification. The \n" " part can be passed to curl using one of the following syntaxes:\n" "\n" " content\n" " This makes curl URL-encode the content and pass that on.\n" " Just be careful so that the content does not contain any\n" , stdout); fputs( " = or @ symbols, as that makes the syntax match one of the\n" " other cases below!\n" "\n" " =content\n" " This makes curl URL-encode the content and pass that on.\n" " The preceding = symbol is not included in the data.\n" "\n" " name=content\n" " This makes curl URL-encode the content part and pass that\n" " on. Note that the name part is expected to be URL-encoded\n" , stdout); fputs( " already.\n" "\n" " @filename\n" " This makes curl load data from the given file (including\n" " any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it on in the\n" " POST.\n" "\n" " name@filename\n" " This makes curl load data from the given file (including\n" " any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it on in the\n" , stdout); fputs( " POST. The name part gets an equal sign appended, result-\n" " ing in name=urlencoded-file-content. Note that the name\n" " is expected to be URL-encoded already.\n" "\n" " --data-urlencode can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --data-urlencode name=val https://example.com\n" " curl --data-urlencode =encodethis https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --data-urlencode name@file https://example.com\n" " curl --data-urlencode @fileonly https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data and --data-raw.\n" "\n" " -d, --data \n" " (HTTP MQTT) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the\n" " HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has\n" " filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This makes\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl pass the data to the server using the content-type applica-\n" " tion/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to -F, --form.\n" "\n" " --data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special inter-\n" " pretation of the @ character. To post data purely binary, you\n" " should instead use the --data-binary option. To URL-encode the\n" " value of a form field you may use --data-urlencode.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If any of these options is used more than once on the same com-\n" " mand line, the data pieces specified are merged with a separat-\n" " ing &-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would\n" " generate a post chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" " file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read\n" , stdout); fputs( " the data from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar'\n" " would thus be done with -d, --data @foobar. When -d, --data is\n" " told to read from a file like that, carriage returns and new-\n" " lines are stripped out. If you do not want the @ character to\n" " have a special interpretation use --data-raw instead.\n" "\n" " The data for this option is passed on to the server exactly as\n" , stdout); fputs( " provided on the command line. curl does not convert, change or\n" " improve it. It is up to the user to provide the data in the cor-\n" " rect form.\n" "\n" " --data can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -d \"name=curl\" https://example.com\n" " curl -d \"name=curl\" -d \"tool=cmdline\" https://example.com\n" " curl -d @filename https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --data-binary, --data-urlencode and --data-raw. This\n" " option is mutually exclusive to -F, --form and -I, --head and\n" " -T, --upload-file.\n" "\n" " --delegation \n" " (GSS/kerberos) Set LEVEL to tell the server what it is allowed\n" " to delegate when it comes to user credentials.\n" "\n" " none Do not allow any delegation.\n" "\n" " policy Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set\n" , stdout); fputs( " in the Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of\n" " realm policy.\n" "\n" " always Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.\n" "\n" " If --delegation is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --delegation \"none\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -k, --insecure and --ssl.\n" "\n" " --digest\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is an authenti-\n" " cation scheme that prevents the password from being sent over\n" " the wire in clear text. Use this in combination with the normal\n" " -u, --user option to set user name and password.\n" "\n" " Providing --digest multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-digest.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -u name:password --digest https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -u, --user, --proxy-digest and --anyauth. This option\n" " is mutually exclusive to --basic and --ntlm and --negotiate.\n" "\n" " --disable-eprt\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands\n" " when doing active FTP transfers. Curl normally first attempts to\n" " use EPRT before using PORT, but with this option, it uses PORT\n" , stdout); fputs( " right away. EPRT is an extension to the original FTP protocol,\n" " and does not work on all servers, but enables more functionality\n" " in a better way than the traditional PORT command.\n" "\n" " --eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt\n" " is an alias for --disable-eprt.\n" "\n" " If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option has no effect\n" " as EPRT is necessary then.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to\n" " switch to passive mode you need to not use -P, --ftp-port or\n" " force it with --ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " Providing --disable-eprt multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-disable-eprt.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --disable-eprt ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --disable-epsv and -P, --ftp-port.\n" "\n" " --disable-epsv\n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when do-\n" " ing passive FTP transfers. Curl normally first attempts to use\n" " EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it does not try EPSV.\n" "\n" " --epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv\n" " is an alias for --disable-epsv.\n" "\n" " If the server is an IPv6 host, this option has no effect as EPSV\n" " is necessary then.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to\n" " switch to active mode you need to use -P, --ftp-port.\n" "\n" " Providing --disable-epsv multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-disable-epsv.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --disable-epsv ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --disable-eprt and -P, --ftp-port.\n" "\n" " -q, --disable\n" , stdout); fputs( " If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc\n" " config file is not read or used. See the -K, --config for de-\n" " tails on the default config file search path.\n" "\n" " Prior to 7.50.0 curl supported the short option name q but not\n" " the long option name disable.\n" "\n" " Providing --disable multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-disable.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -q https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -K, --config.\n" "\n" " --disallow-username-in-url\n" " This tells curl to exit if passed a URL containing a username.\n" " This is probably most useful when the URL is being provided at\n" " runtime or similar.\n" "\n" " Providing --disallow-username-in-url multiple times has no extra\n" " effect. Disable it again with --no-disallow-username-in-url.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --disallow-username-in-url https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto. Added in 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-interface \n" " (DNS) Tell curl to send outgoing DNS requests through . This option is a counterpart to --interface (which does\n" " not affect DNS). The supplied string must be an interface name\n" " (not an address).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --dns-interface is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dns-interface eth0 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --dns-ipv4-addr and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-interface\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares.\n" "\n" " --dns-ipv4-addr
\n" " (DNS) Tell curl to bind to a specific IP address when making\n" , stdout); fputs( " IPv4 DNS requests, so that the DNS requests originate from this\n" " address. The argument should be a single IPv4 address.\n" "\n" " If --dns-ipv4-addr is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dns-ipv4-addr 10.1.2.3 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-ipv4-addr\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ares.\n" "\n" " --dns-ipv6-addr
\n" " (DNS) Tell curl to bind to a specific IP address when making\n" " IPv6 DNS requests, so that the DNS requests originate from this\n" " address. The argument should be a single IPv6 address.\n" "\n" " If --dns-ipv6-addr is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dns-ipv6-addr 2a04:4e42::561 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr. --dns-ipv6-addr\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares.\n" "\n" " --dns-servers \n" " (DNS) Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the sys-\n" " tem default. The list of IP addresses should be separated with\n" " commas. Port numbers may also optionally be given as : after each IP address.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --dns-servers is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dns-servers 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr. --dns-servers re-\n" " quires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-ares.\n" "\n" " --doh-cert-status\n" " Same as --cert-status but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --doh-cert-status multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-doh-cert-status.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --doh-cert-status --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --doh-insecure. Added in 7.76.0.\n" "\n" " --doh-insecure\n" " Same as -k, --insecure but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS).\n" "\n" " Providing --doh-insecure multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-doh-insecure.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --doh-insecure --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --doh-url. Added in 7.76.0.\n" "\n" " --doh-url \n" " Specifies which DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server to use to resolve\n" " hostnames, instead of using the default name resolver mechanism.\n" " The URL must be HTTPS.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Some SSL options that you set for your transfer also applies to\n" " DoH since the name lookups take place over SSL. However, the\n" " certificate verification settings are not inherited but are con-\n" " trolled separately via --doh-insecure and --doh-cert-status.\n" "\n" " This option is unset if an empty string \"\" is used as the URL.\n" " (Added in 7.85.0)\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --doh-url is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --doh-insecure. Added in 7.62.0.\n" "\n" " -D, --dump-header \n" " (HTTP FTP) Write the received protocol headers to the specified\n" " file. If no headers are received, the use of this option creates\n" " an empty file.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered\n" " being \"headers\" and thus are saved there.\n" "\n" " Having multiple transfers in one set of operations (i.e. the\n" " URLs in one -:, --next clause), appends them to the same file,\n" " separated by a blank line.\n" "\n" " If --dump-header is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --dump-header store.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -o, --output.\n" "\n" " --egd-file \n" " (TLS) Deprecated option (added in 7.84.0). Prior to that it only\n" " had an effect on curl if built to use old versions of OpenSSL.\n" "\n" " Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket.\n" " The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL connec-\n" " tions.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --egd-file is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --egd-file /random/here https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --random-file.\n" "\n" " --engine \n" " (TLS) Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher opera-\n" " tions. Use --engine list to print a list of build-time supported\n" " engines. Note that not all (and possibly none) of the engines\n" , stdout); fputs( " may be available at runtime.\n" "\n" " If --engine is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --engine flavor https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ciphers and --curves.\n" "\n" " --etag-compare \n" " (HTTP) This option makes a conditional HTTP request for the spe-\n" " cific ETag read from the given file by sending a custom\n" , stdout); fputs( " If-None-Match header using the stored ETag.\n" "\n" " For correct results, make sure that the specified file contains\n" " only a single line with the desired ETag. An empty file is\n" " parsed as an empty ETag.\n" "\n" " Use the option --etag-save to first save the ETag from a re-\n" " sponse, and then use this option to compare against the saved\n" " ETag in a subsequent request.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --etag-compare is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --etag-compare etag.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --etag-save and -z, --time-cond. Added in 7.68.0.\n" "\n" " --etag-save \n" " (HTTP) This option saves an HTTP ETag to the specified file. An\n" " ETag is a caching related header, usually returned in a re-\n" " sponse.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If no ETag is sent by the server, an empty file is created.\n" "\n" " If --etag-save is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --etag-save storetag.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --etag-compare. Added in 7.68.0.\n" "\n" " --expect100-timeout \n" " (HTTP) Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a\n" , stdout); fputs( " 100-continue response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue\n" " header in its request. By default curl waits one second. This\n" " option accepts decimal values! When curl stops waiting, it con-\n" " tinues as if the response has been received.\n" "\n" " The decimal value needs to provided using a dot (.) as decimal\n" " separator - not the local version even if it might be using an-\n" " other separator.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --expect100-timeout is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --expect100-timeout 2.5 -T file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --connect-timeout.\n" "\n" " --fail-early\n" " Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error.\n" "\n" " When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line,\n" " it attempts to operate on each given URL, one by one. By de-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fault, it ignores errors if there are more URLs given and the\n" " last URL's success determines the error code curl returns. So\n" " early failures are \"hidden\" by subsequent successful transfers.\n" "\n" " Using this option, curl instead returns an error on the first\n" " transfer that fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are\n" " given on the command line. This way, no transfer failures go un-\n" , stdout); fputs( " detected by scripts and similar.\n" "\n" " This option does not imply -f, --fail, which causes transfers to\n" " fail due to the server's HTTP status code. You can combine the\n" " two options, however note -f, --fail is not global and is there-\n" " fore contained by -:, --next.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --fail-early multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-fail-early.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --fail-early https://example.com https://two.example\n" "\n" " See also -f, --fail and --fail-with-body. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --fail-with-body\n" " (HTTP) Return an error on server errors where the HTTP response\n" " code is 400 or greater). In normal cases when an HTTP server\n" , stdout); fputs( " fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating\n" " so (which often also describes why and more). This flag allows\n" " curl to output and save that content but also to return error\n" " 22.\n" "\n" " This is an alternative option to -f, --fail which makes curl\n" " fail for the same circumstances but without saving the content.\n" "\n" " Providing --fail-with-body multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-fail-with-body.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --fail-with-body https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -f, --fail and --fail-early. This option is mutually\n" " exclusive to -f, --fail. Added in 7.76.0.\n" "\n" " -f, --fail\n" " (HTTP) Fail fast with no output at all on server errors. This is\n" " useful to enable scripts and users to better deal with failed\n" , stdout); fputs( " attempts. In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a\n" " document, it returns an HTML document stating so (which often\n" " also describes why and more). This flag prevents curl from out-\n" " putting that and return error 22.\n" "\n" " This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where\n" " non-successful response codes slip through, especially when au-\n" , stdout); fputs( " thentication is involved (response codes 401 and 407).\n" "\n" " Providing --fail multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it\n" " again with --no-fail.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --fail https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --fail-with-body and --fail-early. This option is mutu-\n" " ally exclusive to --fail-with-body.\n" "\n" " --false-start\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use false start during the TLS handshake.\n" , stdout); fputs( " False start is a mode where a TLS client starts sending applica-\n" " tion data before verifying the server's Finished message, thus\n" " saving a round trip when performing a full handshake.\n" "\n" " This is currently only implemented in the Secure Transport (on\n" " iOS 7.0 or later, or OS X 10.9 or later) backend.\n" "\n" " Providing --false-start multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-false-start.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --false-start https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tcp-fastopen.\n" "\n" " --form-escape\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to pass on names of multipart form fields and\n" " files using backslash-escaping instead of percent-encoding.\n" "\n" " If --form-escape is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --form-escape -F 'field\\name=curl' -F 'file=@load\"this' https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -F, --form. Added in 7.81.0.\n" "\n" " --form-string \n" " (HTTP SMTP IMAP) Similar to -F, --form except that the value\n" " string for the named parameter is used literally. Leading '@'\n" " and '<' characters, and the ';type=' string in the value have no\n" , stdout); fputs( " special meaning. Use this in preference to -F, --form if there\n" " is any possibility that the string value may accidentally trig-\n" " ger the '@' or '<' features of -F, --form.\n" "\n" " --form-string can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --form-string \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -F, --form.\n" "\n" " -F, --form \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP SMTP IMAP) For HTTP protocol family, this lets curl emu-\n" " late a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the submit\n" " button. This causes curl to POST data using the Content-Type\n" " multipart/form-data according to RFC 2388.\n" "\n" " For SMTP and IMAP protocols, this is the means to compose a mul-\n" " tipart mail message to transmit.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'con-\n" " tent' part to be a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To\n" " just get the content part from a file, prefix the file name with\n" " the symbol <. The difference between @ and < is then that @\n" " makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while\n" " the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text\n" , stdout); fputs( " field from a file.\n" "\n" " Tell curl to read content from stdin instead of a file by using\n" " - as filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin\n" " is used, the contents is buffered in memory first by curl to de-\n" " termine its size and allow a possible resend. Defining a part's\n" " data from a named non-regular file (such as a named pipe or sim-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ilar) is not subject to buffering and is instead read at trans-\n" " mission time; since the full size is unknown before the transfer\n" " starts, such data is sent as chunks by HTTP and rejected by\n" " IMAP.\n" "\n" " Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where 'profile' is the\n" " name of the form-field to which the file portrait.jpg is the in-\n" " put:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi\n" "\n" " Example: send your name and shoe size in two text fields to the\n" " server:\n" "\n" " curl -F name=John -F shoesize=11 https://example.com/\n" "\n" " Example: send your essay in a text field to the server. Send it\n" " as a plain text field, but get the contents for it from a local\n" " file:\n" "\n" " curl -F \"story=HTML message;type=text/html' \\\n" " -F '=)' -F '=@textfile.txt' ... smtp://example.com\n" "\n" " Data can be encoded for transfer using encoder=. Available en-\n" " codings are binary and 8bit that do nothing else than adding the\n" " corresponding Content-Transfer-Encoding header, 7bit that only\n" , stdout); fputs( " rejects 8-bit characters with a transfer error, quoted-printable\n" " and base64 that encodes data according to the corresponding\n" " schemes, limiting lines length to 76 characters.\n" "\n" " Example: send multipart mail with a quoted-printable text mes-\n" " sage and a base64 attached file:\n" "\n" " curl -F '=text message;encoder=quoted-printable' \\\n" " -F '=@localfile;encoder=base64' ... smtp://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See further examples and details in the MANUAL.\n" "\n" " --form can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --form \"name=curl\" --form \"file=@loadthis\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data, --form-string and --form-escape. This op-\n" " tion is mutually exclusive to -d, --data and -I, --head and -T,\n" " --upload-file.\n" "\n" " --ftp-account \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) When an FTP server asks for \"account data\" after user name\n" " and password has been provided, this data is sent off using the\n" " ACCT command.\n" "\n" " If --ftp-account is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-account \"mr.robot\" ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -u, --user.\n" "\n" " --ftp-alternative-to-user \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails,\n" " send this command. When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure\n" " Transport server over FTPS using a client certificate, using\n" " \"SITE AUTH\" tells the server to retrieve the username from the\n" " certificate.\n" "\n" " If --ftp-alternative-to-user is provided several times, the last\n" " set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --ftp-alternative-to-user \"U53r\" ftp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-account and -u, --user.\n" "\n" " --ftp-create-dirs\n" " (FTP SFTP) When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that\n" " does not currently exist on the server, the standard behavior of\n" " curl is to fail. Using this option, curl instead attempts to\n" " create missing directories.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --ftp-create-dirs multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-ftp-create-dirs.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-create-dirs -T file ftp://example.com/remote/path/file\n" "\n" " See also --create-dirs.\n" "\n" " --ftp-method \n" " (FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file on an\n" " FTP(S) server. The method argument should be one of the follow-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ing alternatives:\n" "\n" " multicwd\n" " curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in\n" " the given URL. For deep hierarchies this means many com-\n" " mands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should be done. This\n" " is the default but the slowest behavior.\n" "\n" " nocwd curl does no CWD at all. curl does SIZE, RETR, STOR etc\n" , stdout); fputs( " and give a full path to the server for all these com-\n" " mands. This is the fastest behavior.\n" "\n" " singlecwd\n" " curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then\n" " operates on the file \"normally\" (like in the multicwd\n" " case). This is somewhat more standards compliant than\n" " 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --ftp-method is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --ftp-method multicwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file\n" " curl --ftp-method nocwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file\n" " curl --ftp-method singlecwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file\n" "\n" " See also -l, --list-only.\n" "\n" " --ftp-pasv\n" " (FTP) Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the\n" , stdout); fputs( " internal default behavior, but using this option can be used to\n" " override a previous -P, --ftp-port option.\n" "\n" " Reversing an enforced passive really is not doable but you must\n" " then instead enforce the correct -P, --ftp-port again.\n" "\n" " Passive mode means that curl tries the EPSV command first and\n" " then PASV, unless --disable-epsv is used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --ftp-pasv multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-pasv ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --disable-epsv.\n" " -P, --ftp-port
\n" " (FTP) Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when con-\n" " necting with FTP. This option makes curl use active mode. curl\n" , stdout); fputs( " then tells the server to connect back to the client's specified\n" " address and port, while passive mode asks the server to setup an\n" " IP address and port for it to connect to.
should be\n" " one of:\n" "\n" " interface\n" " e.g. eth0 to specify which interface's IP address you\n" " want to use (Unix only)\n" "\n" " IP address\n" , stdout); fputs( " e.g. 192.168.10.1 to specify the exact IP address\n" "\n" " host name\n" " e.g. my.host.domain to specify the machine\n" "\n" " - make curl pick the same IP address that is already used\n" " for the control connection. This is the recommended\n" " choice.\n" "\n" " Disable the use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to\n" , stdout); fputs( " use the EPRT command instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt.\n" " EPRT is really PORT++.\n" "\n" " You can also append \":[start]-[end]\" to the right of the ad-\n" " dress, to tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you\n" " specify a port range, from a lower to a higher number. A single\n" " number works as well, but do note that it increases the risk of\n" " failure since the port may not be available.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --ftp-port is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -P - ftp:/example.com\n" " curl -P eth0 ftp:/example.com\n" " curl -P 192.168.0.2 ftp:/example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-pasv and --disable-eprt.\n" "\n" " --ftp-pret\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV).\n" " Certain FTP servers, mainly drftpd, require this non-standard\n" , stdout); fputs( " command for directory listings as well as up and downloads in\n" " PASV mode.\n" "\n" " Providing --ftp-pret multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-ftp-pret.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-pret ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -P, --ftp-port and --ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " --ftp-skip-pasv-ip\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in\n" , stdout); fputs( " its response to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data\n" " connection. Instead curl reuses the same IP address it already\n" " uses for the control connection.\n" "\n" " This option is enabled by default (added in 7.74.0).\n" "\n" " This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead\n" " of PASV.\n" "\n" " Providing --ftp-skip-pasv-ip multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-ftp-skip-pasv-ip.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-skip-pasv-ip ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode \n" " (FTP) Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode does not initiate the\n" " shutdown, but instead waits for the server to do it, and does\n" " not reply to the shutdown from the server. The active mode ini-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tiates the shutdown and waits for a reply from the server.\n" "\n" " Providing --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-ftp-ssl-ccc-mode.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode active --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-ssl-ccc.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-ccc\n" " (FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS\n" , stdout); fputs( " layer after authenticating. The rest of the control channel com-\n" " munication is be unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow\n" " the FTP transaction. The default mode is passive.\n" "\n" " Providing --ftp-ssl-ccc multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-ftp-ssl-ccc.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/\n" " See also --ssl and --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --ftp-ssl-control\n" " (FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer. Al-\n" " lows secure authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers for\n" " efficiency. Fails the transfer if the server does not support\n" " SSL/TLS.\n" "\n" " Providing --ftp-ssl-control multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-ftp-ssl-control.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --ftp-ssl-control ftp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ssl.\n" "\n" " -G, --get\n" " (HTTP) When used, this option makes all data specified with -d,\n" " --data, --data-binary or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP\n" " GET request instead of the POST request that otherwise would be\n" " used. The data is appended to the URL with a '?' separator.\n" "\n" " If used in combination with -I, --head, the POST data is instead\n" , stdout); fputs( " appended to the URL with a HEAD request.\n" "\n" " Providing --get multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it\n" " again with --no-get.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --get https://example.com\n" " curl --get -d \"tool=curl\" -d \"age=old\" https://example.com\n" " curl --get -I -d \"tool=curl\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data and -X, --request.\n" "\n" " -g, --globoff\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option switches off the \"URL globbing parser\". When you set\n" " this option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[]\n" " without having curl itself interpret them. Note that these let-\n" " ters are not normal legal URL contents but they should be en-\n" " coded according to the URI standard.\n" "\n" " Providing --globoff multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-globoff.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl -g \"https://example.com/{[]}}}}\"\n" "\n" " See also -K, --config and -q, --disable.\n" "\n" " --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms \n" " Happy Eyeballs is an algorithm that attempts to connect to both\n" " IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for dual-stack hosts, giving IPv6 a\n" " head-start of the specified number of milliseconds. If the IPv6\n" " address cannot be connected to within that time, then a connec-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tion attempt is made to the IPv4 address in parallel. The first\n" " connection to be established is the one that is used.\n" "\n" " The range of suggested useful values is limited. Happy Eyeballs\n" " RFC 6555 says \"It is RECOMMENDED that connection attempts be\n" " paced 150-250 ms apart to balance human factors against network\n" " load.\" libcurl currently defaults to 200 ms. Firefox and Chrome\n" , stdout); fputs( " currently default to 300 ms.\n" "\n" " If --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms is provided several times, the\n" " last set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms 500 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -m, --max-time and --connect-timeout. Added in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " --haproxy-clientip \n" " (HTTP) Sets a client IP in HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at\n" , stdout); fputs( " the beginning of the connection.\n" "\n" " For valid requests, IPv4 addresses must be indicated as a series\n" " of exactly 4 integers in the range [0..255] inclusive written in\n" " decimal representation separated by exactly one dot between each\n" " other. Heading zeroes are not permitted in front of numbers in\n" " order to avoid any possible confusion with octal numbers. IPv6\n" , stdout); fputs( " addresses must be indicated as series of 4 hexadecimal digits\n" " (upper or lower case) delimited by colons between each other,\n" " with the acceptance of one double colon sequence to replace the\n" " largest acceptable range of consecutive zeroes. The total number\n" " of decoded bits must exactly be 128.\n" "\n" " Otherwise, any string can be accepted for the client IP and get\n" " sent.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " It replaces --haproxy-protocol if used, it is not necessary to\n" " specify both flags.\n" "\n" " If --haproxy-clientip is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --haproxy-clientip $IP\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy. Added in 8.2.0.\n" "\n" " --haproxy-protocol\n" " (HTTP) Send a HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning\n" , stdout); fputs( " of the connection. This is used by some load balancers and re-\n" " verse proxies to indicate the client's true IP address and port.\n" " This option is primarily useful when sending test requests to a\n" " service that expects this header.\n" "\n" " Providing --haproxy-protocol multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-haproxy-protocol.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --haproxy-protocol https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy. Added in 7.60.0.\n" "\n" " -I, --head\n" " (HTTP FTP FILE) Fetch the headers only! HTTP-servers feature the\n" " command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a\n" " document. When used on an FTP or FILE file, curl displays the\n" " file size and last modification time only.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --head multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it\n" " again with --no-head.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -I https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -G, --get, -v, --verbose and --trace-ascii.\n" "\n" " -H, --header
\n" " (HTTP IMAP SMTP) Extra header to include in information sent.\n" " When used within an HTTP request, it is added to the regular re-\n" " quest headers.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " For an IMAP or SMTP MIME uploaded mail built with -F, --form op-\n" " tions, it is prepended to the resulting MIME document, effec-\n" " tively including it at the mail global level. It does not affect\n" " raw uploaded mails (Added in 7.56.0).\n" "\n" " You may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you\n" " should add a custom header that has the same name as one of the\n" , stdout); fputs( " internal ones curl would use, your externally set header is used\n" " instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even trick-\n" " ier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not replace\n" " internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you\n" " are doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement\n" " without content on the right side of the colon, as in: -H\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"Host:\". If you send the custom header with no-value then its\n" " header must be terminated with a semicolon, such as \\-H \"X-Cus-\n" " tom-Header;\" to send \"X-Custom-Header:\".\n" "\n" " curl makes sure that each header you add/replace is sent with\n" " the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that as a\n" " part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " turns, they only mess things up for you. curl passes on the ver-\n" " batim string you give it without any filter or other safe\n" " guards. That includes white space and control characters.\n" "\n" " This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then\n" " adds a header for each line in the input file. Using @- makes\n" " curl read the header file from stdin. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Please note that most anti-spam utilities check the presence and\n" " value of several MIME mail headers: these are \"From:\", \"To:\",\n" " \"Date:\" and \"Subject:\" among others and should be added with\n" " this option.\n" "\n" " You need --proxy-header to send custom headers intended for an\n" " HTTP proxy. Added in 7.37.0.\n" "\n" " Passing on a \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\" header when doing an\n" , stdout); fputs( " HTTP request with a request body, makes curl send the data using\n" " chunked encoding.\n" "\n" " WARNING: headers set with this option are set in all HTTP re-\n" " quests - even after redirects are followed, like when told with\n" " -L, --location. This can lead to the header being sent to other\n" " hosts than the original host, so sensitive headers should be\n" " used with caution combined with following redirects.\n" , stdout); fputs( " --header can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -H \"X-First-Name: Joe\" https://example.com\n" " curl -H \"User-Agent: yes-please/2000\" https://example.com\n" " curl -H \"Host:\" https://example.com\n" " curl -H @headers.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -A, --user-agent and -e, --referer.\n" "\n" " -h, --help \n" , stdout); fputs( " Usage help. This lists all curl command line options within the\n" " given category.\n" "\n" " If no argument is provided, curl displays only the most impor-\n" " tant command line arguments.\n" "\n" " For category all, curl displays help for all options.\n" "\n" " If category is specified, curl displays all available help cate-\n" " gories.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --help all\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --hostpubmd5 \n" " (SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The\n" " string should be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's\n" " public key, curl refuses the connection with the host unless the\n" " checksums match.\n" "\n" " If --hostpubmd5 is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --hostpubmd5 e5c1c49020640a5ab0f2034854c321a8 sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --hostpubsha256.\n" "\n" " --hostpubsha256 \n" " (SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing a Base64-encoded SHA256 hash\n" " of the remote host's public key. Curl refuses the connection\n" " with the host unless the hashes match.\n" "\n" " This feature requires libcurl to be built with libssh2 and does\n" " not work with other SSH backends.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --hostpubsha256 is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --hostpubsha256 NDVkMTQxMGQ1ODdmMjQ3MjczYjAyOTY5MmRkMjVmNDQ= sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --hostpubmd5. Added in 7.80.0.\n" "\n" " --hsts \n" " (HTTPS) This option enables HSTS for the transfer. If the file\n" " name points to an existing HSTS cache file, that is used. After\n" , stdout); fputs( " a completed transfer, the cache is saved to the file name again\n" " if it has been modified.\n" "\n" " If curl is told to use HTTP:// for a transfer involving a host\n" " name that exists in the HSTS cache, it upgrades the transfer to\n" " use HTTPS. Each HSTS cache entry has an individual life time af-\n" " ter which the upgrade is no longer performed.\n" "\n" " Specify a \"\" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and\n" , stdout); fputs( " make curl just handle HSTS in memory.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, curl loads contents from\n" " all the files but the last one is used for saving.\n" " --hsts can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --hsts cache.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto. Added in 7.74.0.\n" "\n" " --http0.9\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to be fine with HTTP version 0.9 response.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " HTTP/0.9 is a response without headers and therefore you can\n" " also connect with this to non-HTTP servers and still get a re-\n" " sponse since curl simply transparently downgrades - if allowed.\n" "\n" " HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default (added in 7.66.0)\n" "\n" " Providing --http0.9 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-http0.9.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http0.9 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --http1.1, --http2 and --http3. Added in 7.64.0.\n" "\n" " -0, --http1.0\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its\n" " internally preferred HTTP version.\n" "\n" " Providing --http1.0 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http1.0 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http0.9 and --http1.1. This option is mutually exclu-\n" , stdout); fputs( " sive to --http1.1 and --http2 and --http2-prior-knowledge and\n" " --http3.\n" "\n" " --http1.1\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.1.\n" "\n" " Providing --http1.1 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http1.1 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -0, --http1.0 and --http0.9. This option is mutually\n" " exclusive to -0, --http1.0 and --http2 and --http2-prior-knowl-\n" , stdout); fputs( " edge and --http3.\n" "\n" " --http2-prior-knowledge\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to issue its non-TLS HTTP requests using\n" " HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge\n" " that the server supports HTTP/2 straight away. HTTPS requests\n" " still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated protocol ver-\n" " sion in the TLS handshake.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --http2-prior-knowledge multiple times has no extra\n" " effect. Disable it again with --no-http2-prior-knowledge.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http2-prior-knowledge https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http2 and --http3. --http2-prior-knowledge requires\n" " that the underlying libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. This\n" " option is mutually exclusive to --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and\n" , stdout); fputs( " --http2 and --http3.\n" "\n" " --http2\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 2.\n" "\n" " For HTTPS, this means curl negotiates HTTP/2 in the TLS hand-\n" " shake. curl does this by default.\n" "\n" " For HTTP, this means curl attempts to upgrade the request to\n" " HTTP/2 using the Upgrade: request header.\n" "\n" " When curl uses HTTP/2 over HTTPS, it does not itself insist on\n" , stdout); fputs( " TLS 1.2 or higher even though that is required by the specifica-\n" " tion. A user can add this version requirement with --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " Providing --http2 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http2 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1, --http3 and --no-alpn. --http2 requires that\n" " the underlying libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. This option\n" , stdout); fputs( " is mutually exclusive to --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and\n" " --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3.\n" "\n" " --http3-only\n" " (HTTP) Instructs curl to use HTTP/3 to the host in the URL, with\n" " no fallback to earlier HTTP versions. HTTP/3 can only be used\n" " for HTTPS and not for HTTP URLs. For HTTP, this option triggers\n" " an error.\n" "\n" " This option allows a user to avoid using the Alt-Svc method of\n" , stdout); fputs( " upgrading to HTTP/3 when you know that the target speaks HTTP/3\n" " on the given host and port.\n" "\n" " This option makes curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be es-\n" " tablished, it does not attempt any other HTTP versions on its\n" " own. Use --http3 for similar functionality with a fallback.\n" "\n" " Providing --http3-only multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --http3-only https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1, --http2 and --http3. --http3-only requires\n" " that the underlying libcurl was built to support HTTP/3. This\n" " option is mutually exclusive to --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and\n" " --http2 and --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3. Added in\n" " 7.88.0.\n" " --http3\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to try HTTP/3 to the host in the URL, but\n" , stdout); fputs( " fallback to earlier HTTP versions if the HTTP/3 connection es-\n" " tablishment fails. HTTP/3 is only available for HTTPS and not\n" " for HTTP URLs.\n" "\n" " This option allows a user to avoid using the Alt-Svc method of\n" " upgrading to HTTP/3 when you know that the target speaks HTTP/3\n" " on the given host and port.\n" "\n" " When asked to use HTTP/3, curl issues a separate attempt to use\n" , stdout); fputs( " older HTTP versions with a slight delay, so if the HTTP/3 trans-\n" " fer fails or is slow, curl still tries to proceed with an older\n" " HTTP version.\n" "\n" " Use --http3-only for similar functionality without a fallback.\n" "\n" " Providing --http3 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http3 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. --http3 requires that the under-\n" , stdout); fputs( " lying libcurl was built to support HTTP/3. This option is mutu-\n" " ally exclusive to --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2 and\n" " --http2-prior-knowledge and --http3-only. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --ignore-content-length\n" " (FTP HTTP) For HTTP, Ignore the Content-Length header. This is\n" " particularly useful for servers running Apache 1.x, which re-\n" " ports incorrect Content-Length for files larger than 2 giga-\n" , stdout); fputs( " bytes.\n" "\n" " For FTP, this makes curl skip the SIZE command to figure out the\n" " size before downloading a file.\n" "\n" " This option does not work for HTTP if libcurl was built to use\n" " hyper.\n" "\n" " Providing --ignore-content-length multiple times has no extra\n" " effect. Disable it again with --no-ignore-content-length.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ignore-content-length https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --ftp-skip-pasv-ip.\n" "\n" " -i, --include\n" " (HTTP FTP) Include response headers in the output. HTTP response\n" " headers can include things like server name, cookies, date of\n" " the document, HTTP version and more... With non-HTTP protocols,\n" " the \"headers\" are other server communication.\n" "\n" " To view the request headers, consider the -v, --verbose option.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Prior to 7.75.0 curl did not print the headers if -f, --fail was\n" " used in combination with this option and there was error re-\n" " ported by server.\n" "\n" " Providing --include multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-include.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -i https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" " -k, --insecure\n" , stdout); fputs( " (TLS SFTP SCP) By default, every secure connection curl makes is\n" " verified to be secure before the transfer takes place. This op-\n" " tion makes curl skip the verification step and proceed without\n" " checking.\n" "\n" " When this option is not used for protocols using TLS, curl veri-\n" " fies the server's TLS certificate before it continues: that the\n" " certificate contains the right name which matches the host name\n" , stdout); fputs( " used in the URL and that the certificate has been signed by a CA\n" " certificate present in the cert store. See this online resource\n" " for further details: https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html\n" "\n" " For SFTP and SCP, this option makes curl skip the known_hosts\n" " verification. known_hosts is a file normally stored in the\n" " user's home directory in the \".ssh\" subdirectory, which contains\n" , stdout); fputs( " host names and their public keys.\n" "\n" " WARNING: using this option makes the transfer insecure.\n" "\n" " When curl uses secure protocols it trusts responses and allows\n" " for example HSTS and Alt-Svc information to be stored and used\n" " subsequently. Using -k, --insecure can make curl trust and use\n" " such information from malicious servers.\n" "\n" " Providing --insecure multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" , stdout); fputs( " able it again with --no-insecure.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --insecure https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-insecure, --cacert and --capath.\n" "\n" " --interface \n" " Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter\n" " interface name, IP address or host name. An example could look\n" " like:\n" "\n" " curl --interface eth0:1 https://www.example.com/\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " On Linux it can be used to specify a VRF, but the binary needs\n" " to either have CAP_NET_RAW or to be run as root. More informa-\n" " tion about Linux VRF: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documenta-\n" " tion/networking/vrf.txt\n" "\n" " If --interface is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --interface eth0 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --ipfs-gateway \n" " (IPFS) Specify which gateway to use for IPFS and IPNS URLs. Not\n" " specifying this will instead make curl check if the IPFS_GATEWAY\n" " environment variable is set, or if a \"~/.ipfs/gateway\" file\n" " holding the gateway URL exists.\n" "\n" " If you run a local IPFS node, this gateway is by default avail-\n" " able under \"http://localhost:8080\". A full example URL would\n" " look like:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --ipfs-gateway http://localhost:8080 ipfs://bafybeigagd5nmnn2iys2f3doro7ydrevyr2mzarwidgadawmamiteydbzi\n" "\n" " There are many public IPFS gateways. See for example:\n" " https://ipfs.github.io/public-gateway-checker/\n" "\n" " WARNING: If you opt to go for a remote gateway you should be\n" " aware that you completely trust the gateway. This is fine in lo-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cal gateways as you host it yourself. With remote gateways there\n" " could potentially be a malicious actor returning you data that\n" " does not match the request you made, inspect or even interfere\n" " with the request. You will not notice this when using curl. A\n" " mitigation could be to go for a \"trustless\" gateway. This means\n" " you locally verify that the data. Consult the docs page on\n" , stdout); fputs( " trusted vs trustless: https://docs.ipfs.tech/refer-\n" " ence/http/gateway/#trusted-vs-trustless\n" "\n" " If --ipfs-gateway is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ipfs-gateway https://example.com ipfs://\n" "\n" " See also -h, --help and -M, --manual. Added in 8.4.0.\n" "\n" " -4, --ipv4\n" " This option tells curl to use IPv4 addresses only when resolving\n" , stdout); fputs( " host names, and not for example try IPv6.\n" "\n" " Providing --ipv4 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ipv4 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option is mutually exclu-\n" " sive to -6, --ipv6.\n" "\n" " -6, --ipv6\n" " This option tells curl to use IPv6 addresses only when resolving\n" " host names, and not for example try IPv4.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --ipv6 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ipv6 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option is mutually exclu-\n" " sive to -4, --ipv4.\n" "\n" " --json \n" " (HTTP) Sends the specified JSON data in a POST request to the\n" " HTTP server. --json works as a shortcut for passing on these\n" " three options:\n" "\n" " --data [arg]\n" , stdout); fputs( " --header \"Content-Type: application/json\"\n" " --header \"Accept: application/json\"\n" "\n" " There is no verification that the passed in data is actual JSON\n" " or that the syntax is correct.\n" "\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" " file name to read the data from, or a single dash (-) if you\n" " want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting data from a file\n" , stdout); fputs( " named 'foobar' would thus be done with --json @foobar and to in-\n" " stead read the data from stdin, use --json @-.\n" "\n" " If this option is used more than once on the same command line,\n" " the additional data pieces are concatenated to the previous be-\n" " fore sending.\n" "\n" " The headers this option sets can be overridden with -H, --header\n" " as usual.\n" "\n" " --json can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Examples:\n" " curl --json '{ \"drink\": \"coffe\" }' https://example.com\n" " curl --json '{ \"drink\":' --json ' \"coffe\" }' https://example.com\n" " curl --json @prepared https://example.com\n" " curl --json @- https://example.com < json.txt\n" "\n" " See also --data-binary and --data-raw. This option is mutually\n" " exclusive to -F, --form and -I, --head and -T, --upload-file.\n" " Added in 7.82.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -j, --junk-session-cookies\n" " (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this\n" " option makes it discard all \"session cookies\". This has the same\n" " effect as if a new session is started. Typical browsers discard\n" " session cookies when they are closed down.\n" "\n" " Providing --junk-session-cookies multiple times has no extra ef-\n" " fect. Disable it again with --no-junk-session-cookies.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --junk-session-cookies -b cookies.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -b, --cookie and -c, --cookie-jar.\n" "\n" " --keepalive-time \n" " This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle be-\n" " fore sending keepalive probes and the time between individual\n" " keepalive probes. It is currently effective on operating systems\n" , stdout); fputs( " offering the \"TCP_KEEPIDLE\" and \"TCP_KEEPINTVL\" socket options\n" " (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more). Keepalive is used\n" " by the TCP stack to detect broken networks on idle connections.\n" " The number of missed keepalive probes before declaring the con-\n" " nection down is OS dependent and is commonly 9 or 10. This op-\n" " tion has no effect if --no-keepalive is used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds.\n" "\n" " If --keepalive-time is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --keepalive-time 20 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --no-keepalive and -m, --max-time.\n" "\n" " --key-type \n" " (TLS) Private key file type. Specify which type your --key pro-\n" , stdout); fputs( " vided private key is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not\n" " specified, PEM is assumed.\n" "\n" " If --key-type is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --key-type DER --key here https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --key.\n" "\n" " --key \n" " (TLS SSH) Private key file name. Allows you to provide your pri-\n" , stdout); fputs( " vate key in this separate file. For SSH, if not specified, curl\n" " tries the following candidates in order: \"~/.ssh/id_rsa\",\n" " \"~/.ssh/id_dsa\", \"./id_rsa\", \"./id_dsa\".\n" "\n" " If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11\n" " is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to spec-\n" " ify a private key located in a PKCS#11 device. A string begin-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ning with \"pkcs11:\" is interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a\n" " PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option is set as\n" " \"pkcs11\" if none was provided and the --key-type option is set\n" " as \"ENG\" if none was provided.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against Secure Transport or Schannel then this\n" " option is ignored for TLS protocols (HTTPS, etc). Those backends\n" , stdout); fputs( " expect the private key to be already present in the keychain or\n" " PKCS#12 file containing the certificate.\n" "\n" " If --key is provided several times, the last set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cert certificate --key here https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --key-type and -E, --cert.\n" "\n" " --krb \n" " (FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be\n" , stdout); fputs( " entered and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or\n" " 'private'. Should you use a level that is not one of these,\n" " 'private' is used.\n" "\n" " If --krb is provided several times, the last set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --krb clear ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --delegation and --ssl. --krb requires that the under-\n" " lying libcurl was built to support Kerberos.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --libcurl \n" " Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you\n" " get libcurl-using C source code written to the file that does\n" " the equivalent of what your command-line operation does!\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" " If --libcurl is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --libcurl client.c https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" " --limit-rate \n" " Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use - for\n" " both downloads and uploads. This feature is useful if you have a\n" " limited pipe and you would like your transfer not to use your\n" " entire bandwidth. To make it slower than it otherwise would be.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is\n" " appended. Appending 'k' or 'K' counts the number as kilobytes,\n" " 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it giga-\n" " bytes. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P) are 1024 based. For example\n" " 1k is 1024. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.\n" "\n" " The rate limiting logic works on averaging the transfer speed to\n" , stdout); fputs( " no more than the set threshold over a period of multiple sec-\n" " onds.\n" "\n" " If you also use the -Y, --speed-limit option, that option takes\n" " precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help\n" " keeping the speed-limit logic working.\n" "\n" " If --limit-rate is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --limit-rate 100K https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --limit-rate 1000 https://example.com\n" " curl --limit-rate 10M https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --rate, -Y, --speed-limit and -y, --speed-time.\n" "\n" " -l, --list-only\n" " (FTP POP3 SFTP) (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch\n" " forces a name-only view. This is especially useful if the user\n" " wants to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since\n" , stdout); fputs( " the normal directory view does not use a standard look or for-\n" " mat. When used like this, the option causes an NLST command to\n" " be sent to the server instead of LIST.\n" "\n" " Note: Some FTP servers list only files in their response to\n" " NLST; they do not include sub-directories and symbolic links.\n" "\n" " (SFTP) When listing an SFTP directory, this switch forces a\n" , stdout); fputs( " name-only view, one per line. This is especially useful if the\n" " user wants to machine-parse the contents of an SFTP directory\n" " since the normal directory view provides more information than\n" " just file names.\n" "\n" " (POP3) When retrieving a specific email from POP3, this switch\n" " forces a LIST command to be performed instead of RETR. This is\n" , stdout); fputs( " particularly useful if the user wants to see if a specific mes-\n" " sage-id exists on the server and what size it is.\n" "\n" " Note: When combined with -X, --request, this option can be used\n" " to send a UIDL command instead, so the user may use the email's\n" " unique identifier rather than its message-id to make the re-\n" " quest.\n" "\n" " Providing --list-only multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" , stdout); fputs( " able it again with --no-list-only.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --list-only ftp://example.com/dir/\n" " See also -Q, --quote and -X, --request.\n" "\n" " --local-port \n" " Set a preferred single number or range (FROM-TO) of local port\n" " numbers to use for the connection(s). Note that port numbers by\n" " nature are a scarce resource so setting this range to something\n" , stdout); fputs( " too narrow might cause unnecessary connection setup failures.\n" "\n" " If --local-port is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --local-port 1000-3000 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -g, --globoff.\n" "\n" " --location-trusted\n" " (HTTP) Like -L, --location, but allows sending the name + pass-\n" " word to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or may\n" , stdout); fputs( " not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to a\n" " site to which you send your authentication info (which is\n" " clear-text in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).\n" "\n" " Providing --location-trusted multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-location-trusted.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --location-trusted -u user:password https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -u, --user.\n" "\n" " -L, --location\n" " (HTTP) If the server reports that the requested page has moved\n" " to a different location (indicated with a Location: header and a\n" " 3XX response code), this option makes curl redo the request on\n" " the new place. If used together with -i, --include or -I,\n" " --head, headers from all requested pages are shown.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " When authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to\n" " the initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host,\n" " it does not get the user+password pass on. See also --loca-\n" " tion-trusted on how to change this.\n" "\n" " Limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the\n" " --max-redirs option.\n" "\n" " When curl follows a redirect and if the request is a POST, it\n" , stdout); fputs( " sends the following request with a GET if the HTTP response was\n" " 301, 302, or 303. If the response code was any other 3xx code,\n" " curl resends the following request using the same unmodified\n" " method.\n" "\n" " You can tell curl to not change POST requests to GET after a 30x\n" " response by using the dedicated options for that: --post301,\n" " --post302 and --post303.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The method set with -X, --request overrides the method curl\n" " would otherwise select to use.\n" "\n" " Providing --location multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-location.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -L https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --resolve and --alt-svc.\n" "\n" " --login-options \n" " (IMAP LDAP POP3 SMTP) Specify the login options to use during\n" , stdout); fputs( " server authentication.\n" "\n" " You can use login options to specify protocol specific options\n" " that may be used during authentication. At present only IMAP,\n" " POP3 and SMTP support login options. For more information about\n" " login options please see RFC 2384, RFC 5092 and the IETF draft\n" " https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-earhart-url-smtp-00\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Since 8.2.0, IMAP supports the login option \"AUTH=+LOGIN\". With\n" " this option, curl uses the plain (not SASL) \"LOGIN IMAP\" command\n" " even if the server advertises SASL authentication. Care should\n" " be taken in using this option, as it sends your password over\n" " the network in plain text. This does not work if the IMAP server\n" " disables the plain \"LOGIN\" (e.g. to prevent password snooping).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --login-options is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --login-options 'AUTH=*' imap://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -u, --user.\n" "\n" " --mail-auth
\n" " (SMTP) Specify a single address. This is used to specify the au-\n" " thentication address (identity) of a submitted message that is\n" " being relayed to another server.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --mail-auth is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --mail-auth user@example.come -T mail smtp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-from.\n" "\n" " --mail-from
\n" " (SMTP) Specify a single address that the given mail should get\n" " sent from.\n" "\n" " If --mail-from is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --mail-from user@example.com -T mail smtp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-auth.\n" "\n" " --mail-rcpt-allowfails\n" " (SMTP) When sending data to multiple recipients, by default curl\n" " aborts SMTP conversation if at least one of the recipients\n" " causes RCPT TO command to return an error.\n" "\n" " The default behavior can be changed by passing --mail-rcpt-al-\n" , stdout); fputs( " lowfails command-line option which makes curl ignore errors and\n" " proceed with the remaining valid recipients.\n" "\n" " If all recipients trigger RCPT TO failures and this flag is\n" " specified, curl still aborts the SMTP conversation and returns\n" " the error received from to the last RCPT TO command.\n" "\n" " Providing --mail-rcpt-allowfails multiple times has no extra ef-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fect. Disable it again with --no-mail-rcpt-allowfails.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --mail-rcpt-allowfails --mail-rcpt dest@example.com smtp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt. Added in 7.69.0.\n" "\n" " --mail-rcpt
\n" " (SMTP) Specify a single email address, user name or mailing list\n" " name. Repeat this option several times to send to multiple re-\n" " cipients.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " When performing an address verification (VRFY command), the re-\n" " cipient should be specified as the user name or user name and\n" " domain (as per Section 3.5 of RFC 5321).\n" "\n" " When performing a mailing list expand (EXPN command), the recip-\n" " ient should be specified using the mailing list name, such as\n" " \"Friends\" or \"London-Office\".\n" "\n" " --mail-rcpt can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --mail-rcpt user@example.net smtp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt-allowfails.\n" "\n" " -M, --manual\n" " Manual. Display the huge help text.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --manual\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose, --libcurl and --trace.\n" "\n" " --max-filesize \n" " (FTP HTTP MQTT) Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to\n" , stdout); fputs( " download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the\n" " transfer does not start and curl returns with exit code 63.\n" "\n" " A size modifier may be used. For example, Appending 'k' or 'K'\n" " counts the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes,\n" " while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.\n" " (Added in 7.58.0)\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " NOTE: before curl 8.4.0, when the file size is not known prior\n" " to download, for such files this option has no effect even if\n" " the file transfer ends up being larger than this given limit.\n" "\n" " Starting with curl 8.4.0, this option aborts the transfer if it\n" " reaches the threshold during transfer.\n" "\n" " If --max-filesize is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --max-filesize 100K https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --limit-rate.\n" "\n" " --max-redirs \n" " (HTTP) Set maximum number of redirections to follow. When -L,\n" " --location is used, to prevent curl from following too many\n" " redirects, by default, the limit is set to 50 redirects. Set\n" " this option to -1 to make it unlimited.\n" "\n" " If --max-redirs is provided several times, the last set value is\n" , stdout); fputs( " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --max-redirs 3 --location https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -L, --location.\n" "\n" " -m, --max-time \n" " Maximum time in seconds that you allow each transfer to take.\n" " This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hanging for\n" " hours due to slow networks or links going down. This option ac-\n" " cepts decimal values.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If you enable retrying the transfer (--retry) then the maximum\n" " time counter is reset each time the transfer is retried. You can\n" " use --retry-max-time to limit the retry time.\n" "\n" " The decimal value needs to provided using a dot (.) as decimal\n" " separator - not the local version even if it might be using an-\n" " other separator.\n" "\n" " If --max-time is provided several times, the last set value is\n" , stdout); fputs( " used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --max-time 10 https://example.com\n" " curl --max-time 2.92 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --connect-timeout and --retry-max-time.\n" "\n" " --metalink\n" " This option was previously used to specify a Metalink resource.\n" " Metalink support is disabled in curl for security reasons (added\n" " in 7.78.0).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --metalink is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --metalink file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -Z, --parallel.\n" "\n" " --negotiate\n" " (HTTP) Enables Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication.\n" "\n" " This option requires a library built with GSS-API or SSPI sup-\n" " port. Use -V, --version to see if your curl supports\n" " GSS-API/SSPI or SPNEGO.\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " When using this option, you must also provide a fake -u, --user\n" " option to activate the authentication code properly. Sending a\n" " '-u :' is enough as the user name and password from the -u,\n" " --user option are not actually used.\n" "\n" " Providing --negotiate multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --negotiate -u : https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --basic, --ntlm, --anyauth and --proxy-negotiate.\n" "\n" " --netrc-file \n" " This option is similar to -n, --netrc, except that you provide\n" " the path (absolute or relative) to the netrc file that curl\n" " should use. You can only specify one netrc file per invocation.\n" "\n" " It abides by --netrc-optional if specified.\n" "\n" " If --netrc-file is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --netrc-file netrc https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -n, --netrc, -u, --user and -K, --config. This option\n" " is mutually exclusive to -n, --netrc.\n" "\n" " --netrc-optional\n" " Similar to -n, --netrc, but this option makes the .netrc usage\n" " optional and not mandatory as the -n, --netrc option does.\n" "\n" " Providing --netrc-optional multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-netrc-optional.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --netrc-optional https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --netrc-file. This option is mutually exclusive to -n,\n" " --netrc.\n" "\n" " -n, --netrc\n" " Makes curl scan the .netrc file in the user's home directory for\n" " login name and password. This is typically used for FTP on Unix.\n" " If used with HTTP, curl enables user authentication. See\n" , stdout); fputs( " netrc(5) and ftp(1) for details on the file format. Curl does\n" " not complain if that file does not have the right permissions\n" " (it should be neither world- nor group-readable). The environ-\n" " ment variable \"HOME\" is used to find the home directory.\n" "\n" " On Windows two filenames in the home directory are checked:\n" " .netrc and _netrc, preferring the former. Older versions on Win-\n" , stdout); fputs( " dows checked for _netrc only.\n" "\n" " A quick and simple example of how to setup a .netrc to allow\n" " curl to FTP to the machine host.domain.com with user name 'my-\n" " self' and password 'secret' could look similar to:\n" "\n" " machine host.domain.com\n" " login myself\n" " password secret\n" "\n" " Providing --netrc multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-netrc.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --netrc https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --netrc-file, -K, --config and -u, --user. This option\n" " is mutually exclusive to --netrc-file and --netrc-optional.\n" "\n" " -:, --next\n" " Tells curl to use a separate operation for the following URL and\n" " associated options. This allows you to send several URL re-\n" " quests, each with their own specific options, for example, such\n" , stdout); fputs( " as different user names or custom requests for each.\n" "\n" " -:, --next resets all local options and only global ones have\n" " their values survive over to the operation following the -:,\n" " --next instruction. Global options include -v, --verbose,\n" " --trace, --trace-ascii and --fail-early.\n" "\n" " For example, you can do both a GET and a POST in a single com-\n" " mand line:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl www1.example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com\n" "\n" " --next can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl https://example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com\n" " curl -I https://example.com --next https://example.net/\n" "\n" " See also -Z, --parallel and -K, --config.\n" "\n" " --no-alpn\n" " (HTTPS) Disable the ALPN TLS extension. ALPN is enabled by de-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fault if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports\n" " ALPN. ALPN is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negoti-\n" " ate HTTP/2 support with the server during https sessions.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " use --alpn to enable ALPN.\n" "\n" " Providing --no-alpn multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --alpn.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --no-alpn https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --no-npn and --http2. --no-alpn requires that the un-\n" " derlying libcurl was built to support TLS.\n" "\n" " -N, --no-buffer\n" " Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work sit-\n" " uations, curl uses a standard buffered output stream that has\n" " the effect that it outputs the data in chunks, not necessarily\n" , stdout); fputs( " exactly when the data arrives. Using this option disables that\n" " buffering.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " use --buffer to enable buffering again.\n" "\n" " Providing --no-buffer multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --buffer.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-buffer https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -#, --progress-bar.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --no-clobber\n" " When used in conjunction with the -o, --output, -J, --re-\n" " mote-header-name, -O, --remote-name, or --remote-name-all op-\n" " tions, curl avoids overwriting files that already exist. In-\n" " stead, a dot and a number gets appended to the name of the file\n" " that would be created, up to filename.100 after which it does\n" " not create any file.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --clobber to enforce the clobbering, even if -J, --re-\n" " mote-header-name is specified.\n" "\n" " Providing --no-clobber multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --clobber.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-clobber --output local/dir/file https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -o, --output and -O, --remote-name. Added in 7.83.0.\n" "\n" " --no-keepalive\n" " Disables the use of keepalive messages on the TCP connection.\n" " curl otherwise enables them by default.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --keepalive to enforce keepalive.\n" "\n" " Providing --no-keepalive multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --keepalive.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --no-keepalive https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --keepalive-time.\n" "\n" " --no-npn\n" " (HTTPS) curl never uses NPN, this option has no effect (added in\n" " 7.86.0).\n" "\n" " Disable the NPN TLS extension. NPN is enabled by default if\n" " libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports NPN. NPN is\n" " used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negotiate HTTP/2 sup-\n" , stdout); fputs( " port with the server during https sessions.\n" "\n" " Providing --no-npn multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --npn.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-npn https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --no-alpn and --http2. --no-npn requires that the un-\n" " derlying libcurl was built to support TLS.\n" "\n" " --no-progress-meter\n" " Option to switch off the progress meter output without muting or\n" , stdout); fputs( " otherwise affecting warning and informational messages like -s,\n" " --silent does.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --progress-meter to enable the progress meter again.\n" "\n" " Providing --no-progress-meter multiple times has no extra ef-\n" " fect. Disable it again with --progress-meter.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-progress-meter -o store https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -v, --verbose and -s, --silent. Added in 7.67.0.\n" "\n" " --no-sessionid\n" " (TLS) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching. By default\n" " all transfers are done using the cache. Note that while nothing\n" " should ever get hurt by attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs,\n" " there seem to be broken SSL implementations in the wild that may\n" " require you to disable this in order for you to succeed.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --sessionid to enforce session-ID caching.\n" "\n" " Providing --no-sessionid multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --sessionid.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-sessionid https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --noproxy \n" , stdout); fputs( " Comma-separated list of hosts for which not to use a proxy, if\n" " one is specified. The only wildcard is a single \"*\" character,\n" " which matches all hosts, and effectively disables the proxy.\n" " Each name in this list is matched as either a domain which con-\n" " tains the hostname, or the hostname itself. For example, \"lo-\n" " cal.com\" would match \"local.com\", \"local.com:80\", and \"www.lo-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cal.com\", but not \"www.notlocal.com\".\n" "\n" " This option overrides the environment variables that disable the\n" " proxy (\"no_proxy\" and \"NO_PROXY\") (added in 7.53.0). If there is\n" " an environment variable disabling a proxy, you can set the no\n" " proxy list to \"\" to override it.\n" "\n" " IP addresses specified to this option can be provided using CIDR\n" " notation (added in 7.86.0): an appended slash and number speci-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fies the number of network bits out of the address to use in the\n" " comparison. For example \"192.168.0.0/16\" would match all ad-\n" " dresses starting with \"192.168\".\n" "\n" " If --noproxy is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --noproxy \"www.example\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy.\n" "\n" " --ntlm-wb\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Enables NTLM much in the style --ntlm does, but hand over\n" " the authentication to the separate binary \"ntlmauth\" application\n" " that is executed when needed.\n" "\n" " Providing --ntlm-wb multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ntlm-wb -u user:password https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ntlm and --proxy-ntlm.\n" "\n" " --ntlm (HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication\n" , stdout); fputs( " method was designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers.\n" " It is a proprietary protocol, reverse-engineered by clever peo-\n" " ple and implemented in curl based on their efforts. This kind of\n" " behavior should not be endorsed, you should encourage everyone\n" " who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented authentica-\n" " tion method instead, such as Digest.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then\n" " use --proxy-ntlm.\n" "\n" " Providing --ntlm multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ntlm -u user:password https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-ntlm. --ntlm requires that the underlying\n" " libcurl was built to support TLS. This option is mutually exclu-\n" " sive to --basic and --negotiate and --digest and --anyauth.\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " --oauth2-bearer \n" " (IMAP LDAP POP3 SMTP HTTP) Specify the Bearer Token for OAUTH\n" " 2.0 server authentication. The Bearer Token is used in conjunc-\n" " tion with the user name which can be specified as part of the\n" " --url or -u, --user options.\n" "\n" " The Bearer Token and user name are formatted according to RFC\n" " 6750.\n" "\n" " If --oauth2-bearer is provided several times, the last set value\n" , stdout); fputs( " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --oauth2-bearer \"mF_9.B5f-4.1JqM\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --basic, --ntlm and --digest.\n" "\n" " --output-dir \n" " This option specifies the directory in which files should be\n" " stored, when -O, --remote-name or -o, --output are used.\n" "\n" " The given output directory is used for all URLs and output op-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tions on the command line, up until the first -:, --next.\n" "\n" " If the specified target directory does not exist, the operation\n" " fails unless --create-dirs is also used.\n" "\n" " If --output-dir is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --output-dir \"tmp\" -O https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name and -J, --remote-header-name. Added\n" " in 7.73.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -o, --output \n" " Write output to instead of stdout. If you are using {} or\n" " [] to fetch multiple documents, you should quote the URL and you\n" " can use '#' followed by a number in the specifier. That\n" " variable is replaced with the current string for the URL being\n" " fetched. Like in:\n" "\n" " curl \"http://{one,two}.example.com\" -o \"file_#1.txt\"\n" "\n" " or use several variables like:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl \"http://{site,host}.host[1-5].example\" -o \"#1_#2\"\n" "\n" " You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you\n" " have. For example, if you specify two URLs on the same command\n" " line, you can use it like this:\n" "\n" " curl -o aa example.com -o bb example.net\n" "\n" " and the order of the -o options and the URLs does not matter,\n" " just that the first -o is for the first URL and so on, so the\n" , stdout); fputs( " above command line can also be written as\n" "\n" " curl example.com example.net -o aa -o bb\n" "\n" " See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directo-\n" " ries dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash)\n" " passes the output to stdout.\n" "\n" " To suppress response bodies, you can redirect output to\n" " /dev/null:\n" "\n" " curl example.com -o /dev/null\n" "\n" " Or for Windows:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl example.com -o nul\n" "\n" " --output can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -o file https://example.com\n" " curl \"http://{one,two}.example.com\" -o \"file_#1.txt\"\n" " curl \"http://{site,host}.host[1-5].example\" -o \"#1_#2\"\n" " curl -o file https://example.com -o file2 https://example.net\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name, --remote-name-all and -J, --re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " mote-header-name.\n" "\n" " --parallel-immediate\n" " When doing parallel transfers, this option instructs curl that\n" " it should rather prefer opening up more connections in parallel\n" " at once rather than waiting to see if new transfers can be added\n" " as multiplexed streams on another connection.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --parallel-immediate multiple times has no extra ef-\n" " fect. Disable it again with --no-parallel-immediate.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --parallel-immediate -Z https://example.com -o file1 https://example.com -o file2\n" "\n" " See also -Z, --parallel and --parallel-max. Added in 7.68.0.\n" "\n" " --parallel-max \n" " When asked to do parallel transfers, using -Z, --parallel, this\n" , stdout); fputs( " option controls the maximum amount of transfers to do simultane-\n" " ously.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" " The default is 50.\n" "\n" " If --parallel-max is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --parallel-max 100 -Z https://example.com ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -Z, --parallel. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " -Z, --parallel\n" " Makes curl perform its transfers in parallel as compared to the\n" " regular serial manner.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" " Providing --parallel multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-parallel.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --parallel https://example.com -o file1 https://example.com -o file2\n" "\n" " See also -:, --next and -v, --verbose. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --pass \n" " (SSH TLS) Passphrase for the private key.\n" "\n" " If --pass is provided several times, the last set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --pass secret --key file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --key and -u, --user.\n" "\n" " --path-as-is\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tell curl to not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given\n" " URL path. Normally curl squashes or merges them according to\n" " standards but with this option set you tell it not to do that.\n" "\n" " Providing --path-as-is multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" " able it again with --no-path-as-is.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --path-as-is https://example.com/../../etc/passwd\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --request-target.\n" "\n" " --pinnedpubkey \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or\n" " hashes) to verify the peer. This can be a path to a file which\n" " contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number\n" " of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by 'sha256//' and sepa-\n" " rated by ';'.\n" "\n" " When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a\n" , stdout); fputs( " certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted\n" " from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the pub-\n" " lic key provided to this option, curl aborts the connection be-\n" " fore sending or receiving any data.\n" "\n" " This option is independent of option -k, --insecure. If you use\n" " both options together then the peer is still verified by public\n" " key.\n" "\n" " PEM/DER support:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " OpenSSL and GnuTLS, wolfSSL (added in 7.43.0), mbedTLS , Secure\n" " Transport macOS 10.7+/iOS 10+ (7.54.1), Schannel (7.58.1)\n" "\n" " sha256 support:\n" "\n" " OpenSSL, GnuTLS and wolfSSL, mbedTLS (added in 7.47.0), Secure\n" " Transport macOS 10.7+/iOS 10+ (7.54.1), Schannel (7.58.1)\n" "\n" " Other SSL backends not supported.\n" "\n" " If --pinnedpubkey is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Examples:\n" " curl --pinnedpubkey keyfile https://example.com\n" " curl --pinnedpubkey 'sha256//ce118b51897f4452dc' https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --hostpubsha256.\n" "\n" " --post301\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.2 and not convert POST\n" " requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirection. The\n" " non-RFC behavior is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the\n" , stdout); fputs( " conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server\n" " may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection.\n" " This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location.\n" "\n" " Providing --post301 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-post301.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --post301 --location -d \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --post302, --post303 and -L, --location.\n" "\n" " --post302\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.3 and not convert POST\n" " requests into GET requests when following a 302 redirection. The\n" " non-RFC behavior is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the\n" " conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server\n" " may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection.\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location.\n" "\n" " Providing --post302 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-post302.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --post302 --location -d \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --post301, --post303 and -L, --location.\n" "\n" " --post303\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to violate RFC 7231/6.4.4 and not convert POST\n" , stdout); fputs( " requests into GET requests when following 303 redirections. A\n" " server may require a POST to remain a POST after a 303 redirec-\n" " tion. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location.\n" "\n" " Providing --post303 multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-post303.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --post303 --location -d \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --post302, --post301 and -L, --location.\n" "\n" " --preproxy [protocol://]host[:port]\n" " Use the specified SOCKS proxy before connecting to an HTTP or\n" " HTTPS -x, --proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the\n" " SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or\n" " HTTPS proxy. Hence pre proxy.\n" "\n" " The pre proxy string should be specified with a protocol:// pre-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fix to specify alternative proxy protocols. Use socks4://,\n" " socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request the specific\n" " SOCKS version to be used. No protocol specified makes curl de-\n" " fault to SOCKS4.\n" "\n" " If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is\n" " assumed to be 1080.\n" "\n" " User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are\n" , stdout); fputs( " URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special charac-\n" " ters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a.\n" "\n" " If --preproxy is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --preproxy socks5://proxy.example -x http://http.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --socks5. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " -#, --progress-bar\n" , stdout); fputs( " Make curl display transfer progress as a simple progress bar in-\n" " stead of the standard, more informational, meter.\n" "\n" " This progress bar draws a single line of '#' characters across\n" " the screen and shows a percentage if the transfer size is known.\n" " For transfers without a known size, there is a space ship\n" " (-=o=-) that moves back and forth but only while data is being\n" , stdout); fputs( " transferred, with a set of flying hash sign symbols on top.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" " Providing --progress-bar multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-progress-bar.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -# -O https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --styled-output.\n" "\n" " --proto-default \n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use protocol for any URL missing a scheme name.\n" "\n" " An unknown or unsupported protocol causes error CURLE_UNSUP-\n" " PORTED_PROTOCOL (1).\n" "\n" " This option does not change the default proxy protocol (http).\n" "\n" " Without this option set, curl guesses protocol based on the host\n" " name, see --url for details.\n" "\n" " If --proto-default is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --proto-default https ftp.example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto and --proto-redir.\n" "\n" " --proto-redir \n" " Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use on redirect. Pro-\n" " tocols denied by --proto are not overridden by this option. See\n" " --proto for how protocols are represented.\n" "\n" " Example, allow only HTTP and HTTPS on redirect:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proto-redir -all,http,https http://example.com\n" "\n" " By default curl only allows HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS on redi-\n" " rects (added in 7.65.2). Specifying all or +all enables all pro-\n" " tocols on redirects, which is not good for security.\n" "\n" " If --proto-redir is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proto-redir =http,https https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proto.\n" "\n" " --proto \n" " Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use for transfers.\n" " Protocols are evaluated left to right, are comma separated, and\n" " are each a protocol name or 'all', optionally prefixed by zero\n" " or more modifiers. Available modifiers are:\n" "\n" " + Permit this protocol in addition to protocols already\n" , stdout); fputs( " permitted (this is the default if no modifier is used).\n" "\n" " - Deny this protocol, removing it from the list of proto-\n" " cols already permitted.\n" "\n" " = Permit only this protocol (ignoring the list already per-\n" " mitted), though subject to later modification by subse-\n" " quent entries in the comma separated list.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " For example: --proto -ftps uses the default protocols, but dis-\n" " ables ftps\n" "\n" " --proto -all,https,+http only enables http and https\n" " --proto =http,https also only enables http and https\n" "\n" " Unknown and disabled protocols produce a warning. This allows\n" " scripts to safely rely on being able to disable potentially dan-\n" " gerous protocols, without relying upon support for that protocol\n" , stdout); fputs( " being built into curl to avoid an error.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times, in which case the effect\n" " is the same as concatenating the protocols into one instance of\n" " the option.\n" "\n" " If --proto is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proto =http,https,sftp https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto-redir and --proto-default.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-anyauth\n" " Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when commu-\n" " nicating with the given HTTP proxy. This might cause an extra\n" " request/response round-trip.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-anyauth multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-anyauth --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-basic and --proxy-digest.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-basic\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating\n" " with the given proxy. Use --basic for enabling HTTP Basic with a\n" " remote host. Basic is the default authentication method curl\n" " uses with proxies.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-basic multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-basic --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-digest.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ca-native\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the CA store from the native operating\n" " system to verify the HTTPS proxy. By default, curl uses a CA\n" " store provided in a single file or directory, but when using\n" " this option it interfaces the operating system's own vault.\n" "\n" " This option works for curl on Windows when built to use OpenSSL,\n" , stdout); fputs( " wolfSSL (added in 8.3.0) or GnuTLS (added in 8.5.0). When curl\n" " on Windows is built to use Schannel, this feature is implied and\n" " curl then only uses the native CA store.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-ca-native multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-proxy-ca-native.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ca-native https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --cacert, --capath and -k, --insecure. Added in 8.2.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cacert \n" " Same as --cacert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-cacert is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-cacert CA-file.txt -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-capath, --cacert, --capath and -x, --proxy.\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-capath \n" " Same as --capath but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-capath is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-capath /local/directory -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-cacert, -x, --proxy and --capath. Added in\n" " 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cert-type \n" , stdout); fputs( " Same as --cert-type but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-cert-type is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-cert-type PEM --proxy-cert file -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-cert. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cert \n" " Same as -E, --cert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --proxy-cert is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-cert file -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-cert-type. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ciphers \n" " Same as --ciphers but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection to the HTTPS\n" , stdout); fputs( " proxy. The list of ciphers must specify valid ciphers. Read up\n" " on SSL cipher list details on this URL:\n" "\n" " https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html\n" "\n" " If --proxy-ciphers is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-CCM8 -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ciphers, --curves and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-crlfile \n" " Same as --crlfile but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-crlfile is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-crlfile rejects.txt -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --crlfile and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-digest\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating\n" , stdout); fputs( " with the given proxy. Use --digest for enabling HTTP Digest with\n" " a remote host.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-digest multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-digest --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --proxy-header
\n" " (HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP\n" , stdout); fputs( " to a proxy. You may specify any number of extra headers. This is\n" " the equivalent option to -H, --header but is for proxy communi-\n" " cation only like in CONNECT requests when you want a separate\n" " header sent to the proxy to what is sent to the actual remote\n" " host.\n" "\n" " curl makes sure that each header you add/replace is sent with\n" " the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that as a\n" , stdout); fputs( " part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage re-\n" " turns, they only mess things up for you.\n" "\n" " Headers specified with this option are not included in requests\n" " that curl knows are not be sent to a proxy.\n" "\n" " This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then\n" " adds a header for each line in the input file (added in 7.55.0).\n" " Using @- makes curl read the headers from stdin.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove\n" " multiple headers.\n" "\n" " --proxy-header can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --proxy-header \"X-First-Name: Joe\" -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" " curl --proxy-header \"User-Agent: surprise\" -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" " curl --proxy-header \"Host:\" -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -x, --proxy.\n" "\n" " --proxy-http2\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to try negotiate HTTP version 2 with an HTTPS\n" " proxy. The proxy might still only offer HTTP/1 and then curl\n" " sticks to using that version.\n" "\n" " This has no effect for any other kinds of proxies.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-http2 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-proxy-http2.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-http2 -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy. --proxy-http2 requires that the underlying\n" " libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. Added in 8.1.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-insecure\n" " Same as -k, --insecure but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-insecure multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-proxy-insecure.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-insecure -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and -k, --insecure. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-key-type \n" " Same as --key-type but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-key-type is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-key-type DER --proxy-key here -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-key and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-key \n" " Same as --key but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-key is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-key here -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-key-type and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-negotiate\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication when\n" " communicating with the given proxy. Use --negotiate for enabling\n" " HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) with a remote host.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-negotiate multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-negotiate --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ntlm\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating\n" " with the given proxy. Use --ntlm for enabling NTLM with a remote\n" " host.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-ntlm multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-ntlm --proxy-user user:passwd -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-negotiate and --proxy-anyauth.\n" "\n" " --proxy-pass \n" , stdout); fputs( " Same as --pass but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-pass is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-pass secret --proxy-key here -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-key. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-pinnedpubkey \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or\n" , stdout); fputs( " hashes) to verify the proxy. This can be a path to a file which\n" " contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number\n" " of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by 'sha256//' and sepa-\n" " rated by ';'.\n" "\n" " When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a\n" " certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted\n" , stdout); fputs( " from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the pub-\n" " lic key provided to this option, curl aborts the connection be-\n" " fore sending or receiving any data.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-pinnedpubkey is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --proxy-pinnedpubkey keyfile https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-pinnedpubkey 'sha256//ce118b51897f4452dc' https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --pinnedpubkey and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-service-name \n" " This option allows you to change the service name for proxy ne-\n" " gotiation.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-service-name is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-service-name \"shrubbery\" -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --service-name and -x, --proxy.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ssl-allow-beast\n" " Same as --ssl-allow-beast but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-ssl-allow-beast multiple times has no extra\n" " effect. Disable it again with --no-proxy-ssl-allow-beast.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-ssl-allow-beast -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ssl-allow-beast and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert\n" " Same as --ssl-auto-client-cert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert multiple times has no ex-\n" " tra effect. Disable it again with --no-proxy-ssl-auto-client-\n" " cert.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ssl-auto-client-cert and -x, --proxy. Added in\n" " 7.77.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tls13-ciphers \n" " (TLS) Specifies which cipher suites to use in the connection to\n" " your HTTPS proxy when it negotiates TLS 1.3. The list of ciphers\n" " suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on TLS 1.3 cipher\n" , stdout); fputs( " suite details on this URL:\n" "\n" " https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html\n" "\n" " This option is currently used only when curl is built to use\n" " OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later. If you are using a different SSL backend\n" " you can try setting TLS 1.3 cipher suites by using the\n" " --proxy-ciphers option.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-tls13-ciphers is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tls13-ciphers TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tls13-ciphers, --curves and --proxy-ciphers. Added in\n" " 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsauthtype \n" " Same as --tlsauthtype but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-tlsauthtype is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-tlsauthtype SRP -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-tlsuser. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlspassword \n" " Same as --tlspassword but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-tlspassword is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tlspassword passwd -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-tlsuser. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsuser \n" " Same as --tlsuser but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-tlsuser is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tlsuser smith -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-tlspassword. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsv1\n" , stdout); fputs( " Same as -1, --tlsv1 but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy-tlsv1 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tlsv1 -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " -U, --proxy-user \n" " Specify the user name and password to use for proxy authentica-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If you use a Windows SSPI-enabled curl binary and do either Ne-\n" " gotiate or NTLM authentication then you can tell curl to select\n" " the user name and password from your environment by specifying a\n" " single colon with this option: \"-U :\".\n" "\n" " On systems where it works, curl hides the given option argument\n" " from process listings. This is not enough to protect credentials\n" , stdout); fputs( " from possibly getting seen by other users on the same system as\n" " they still are visible for a moment before cleared. Such sensi-\n" " tive data should be retrieved from a file instead or similar and\n" " never used in clear text in a command line.\n" "\n" " If --proxy-user is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-user name:pwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-pass.\n" "\n" " -x, --proxy [protocol://]host[:port]\n" " Use the specified proxy.\n" "\n" " The proxy string can be specified with a protocol:// prefix. No\n" " protocol specified or http:// it is treated as an HTTP proxy.\n" " Use socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request a\n" " specific SOCKS version to be used.\n" "\n" " Unix domain sockets are supported for socks proxy. Set localhost\n" , stdout); fputs( " for the host part. e.g. socks5h://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\n" "\n" " HTTPS proxy support works set with the https:// protocol prefix\n" " for OpenSSL and GnuTLS (added in 7.52.0). It also works for\n" " BearSSL, mbedTLS, rustls, Schannel, Secure Transport and wolfSSL\n" " (added in 7.87.0).\n" "\n" " Unrecognized and unsupported proxy protocols cause an error\n" , stdout); fputs( " (added in 7.52.0). Ancient curl versions ignored unknown\n" " schemes and used http:// instead.\n" "\n" " If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is\n" " assumed to be 1080.\n" "\n" " This option overrides existing environment variables that set\n" " the proxy to use. If there is an environment variable setting a\n" " proxy, you can set proxy to \"\" to override it.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " All operations that are performed over an HTTP proxy are trans-\n" " parently converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol spe-\n" " cific operations might not be available. This is not the case if\n" " you can tunnel through the proxy, as one with the -p, --proxy-\n" " tunnel option.\n" "\n" " User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are\n" , stdout); fputs( " URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special charac-\n" " ters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a.\n" "\n" " The proxy host can be specified the same way as the proxy envi-\n" " ronment variables, including the protocol prefix (http://) and\n" " the embedded user + password.\n" "\n" " When a proxy is used, the active FTP mode as set with -P,\n" " --ftp-port, cannot be used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --proxy is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy http://proxy.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5 and --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --proxy1.0 \n" " Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not\n" " specified, it is assumed at port 1080.\n" "\n" " The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option -x,\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy, is that attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy spec-\n" " ifies an HTTP 1.0 protocol instead of the default HTTP 1.1.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxy1.0 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy1.0 -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy, --socks5 and --preproxy.\n" "\n" " -p, --proxytunnel\n" " When an HTTP proxy is used -x, --proxy, this option makes curl\n" , stdout); fputs( " tunnel the traffic through the proxy. The tunnel approach is\n" " made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the\n" " proxy allows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants\n" " to tunnel through to.\n" "\n" " To suppress proxy CONNECT response headers when curl is set to\n" " output headers use --suppress-connect-headers.\n" "\n" " Providing --proxytunnel multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-proxytunnel.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxytunnel -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy.\n" "\n" " --pubkey \n" " (SFTP SCP) Public key file name. Allows you to provide your pub-\n" " lic key in this separate file.\n" "\n" " curl attempts to automatically extract the public key from the\n" " private key file, so passing this option is generally not re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " quired. Note that this public key extraction requires libcurl to\n" " be linked against a copy of libssh2 1.2.8 or higher that is it-\n" " self linked against OpenSSL.\n" "\n" " If --pubkey is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --pubkey file.pub sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --pass.\n" "\n" " -Q, --quote \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP SFTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP or SFTP\n" " server. Quote commands are sent BEFORE the transfer takes place\n" " (just after the initial PWD command in an FTP transfer, to be\n" " exact). To make commands take place after a successful transfer,\n" " prefix them with a dash '-'.\n" "\n" " (FTP only) To make commands be sent after curl has changed the\n" , stdout); fputs( " working directory, just before the file transfer command(s),\n" " prefix the command with a '+'. This is not performed when a di-\n" " rectory listing is performed.\n" "\n" " You may specify any number of commands.\n" "\n" " By default curl stops at first failure. To make curl continue\n" " even if the command fails, prefix the command with an asterisk\n" " (*). Otherwise, if the server returns failure for one of the\n" , stdout); fputs( " commands, the entire operation is aborted.\n" "\n" " You must send syntactically correct FTP commands as RFC 959 de-\n" " fines to FTP servers, or one of the commands listed below to\n" " SFTP servers.\n" "\n" " SFTP is a binary protocol. Unlike for FTP, curl interprets SFTP\n" " quote commands itself before sending them to the server. File\n" " names may be quoted shell-style to embed spaces or special char-\n" , stdout); fputs( " acters. Following is the list of all supported SFTP quote com-\n" " mands:\n" "\n" " atime date file\n" " The atime command sets the last access time of the file\n" " named by the file operand. The can be\n" " all sorts of date strings, see the curl_getdate(3) man\n" " page for date expression details. (Added in 7.73.0)\n" "\n" " chgrp group file\n" , stdout); fputs( " The chgrp command sets the group ID of the file named by\n" " the file operand to the group ID specified by the group\n" " operand. The group operand is a decimal integer group ID.\n" "\n" " chmod mode file\n" " The chmod command modifies the file mode bits of the\n" " specified file. The mode operand is an octal integer mode\n" " number.\n" "\n" " chown user file\n" , stdout); fputs( " The chown command sets the owner of the file named by the\n" " file operand to the user ID specified by the user\n" " operand. The user operand is a decimal integer user ID.\n" "\n" " ln source_file target_file\n" " The ln and symlink commands create a symbolic link at the\n" " target_file location pointing to the source_file loca-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" " mkdir directory_name\n" , stdout); fputs( " The mkdir command creates the directory named by the di-\n" " rectory_name operand.\n" "\n" " mtime date file\n" " The mtime command sets the last modification time of the\n" " file named by the file operand. The can\n" " be all sorts of date strings, see the curl_getdate(3) man\n" " page for date expression details. (Added in 7.73.0)\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " pwd The pwd command returns the absolute path name of the\n" " current working directory.\n" "\n" " rename source target\n" " The rename command renames the file or directory named by\n" " the source operand to the destination path named by the\n" " target operand.\n" "\n" " rm file\n" " The rm command removes the file specified by the file\n" " operand.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " rmdir directory\n" " The rmdir command removes the directory entry specified\n" " by the directory operand, provided it is empty.\n" "\n" " symlink source_file target_file\n" " See ln.\n" "\n" " --quote can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --quote \"DELE file\" ftp://example.com/foo\n" "\n" " See also -X, --request.\n" "\n" " --random-file \n" , stdout); fputs( " Deprecated option. This option is ignored (added in 7.84.0).\n" " Prior to that it only had an effect on curl if built to use old\n" " versions of OpenSSL.\n" "\n" " Specify the path name to file containing random data. The data\n" " may be used to seed the random engine for SSL connections.\n" "\n" " If --random-file is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --random-file rubbish https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --egd-file.\n" "\n" " -r, --range \n" " (HTTP FTP SFTP FILE) Retrieve a byte range (i.e. a partial docu-\n" " ment) from an HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP server or a local FILE.\n" " Ranges can be specified in a number of ways.\n" "\n" " 0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes\n" "\n" " 500-999\n" " specifies the second 500 bytes\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -500 specifies the last 500 bytes\n" "\n" " 9500- specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward\n" "\n" " 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(HTTP)\n" "\n" " 100-199,500-599\n" " specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*) (HTTP)\n" "\n" " (*) = NOTE that these make the server reply with a multipart re-\n" " sponse, which is returned as-is by curl! Parsing or otherwise\n" , stdout); fputs( " transforming this response is the responsibility of the caller.\n" "\n" " Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop'\n" " fields of the 'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit charac-\n" " ter is given in the range, the server's response is unspecified,\n" " depending on the server's configuration.\n" "\n" " Many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that\n" , stdout); fputs( " when you attempt to get a range, curl instead gets the whole\n" " document.\n" "\n" " FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple\n" " 'start-stop' syntax (optionally with one of the numbers omit-\n" " ted). FTP use depends on the extended FTP command SIZE.\n" "\n" " If --range is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --range 22-44 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -C, --continue-at and -a, --append.\n" "\n" " --rate \n" " Specify the maximum transfer frequency you allow curl to use -\n" " in number of transfer starts per time unit (sometimes called re-\n" " quest rate). Without this option, curl starts the next transfer\n" " as fast as possible.\n" "\n" " If given several URLs and a transfer completes faster than the\n" , stdout); fputs( " allowed rate, curl waits until the next transfer is started to\n" " maintain the requested rate. This option has no effect when -Z,\n" " --parallel is used.\n" "\n" " The request rate is provided as \"N/U\" where N is an integer num-\n" " ber and U is a time unit. Supported units are 's' (second), 'm'\n" " (minute), 'h' (hour) and 'd' /(day, as in a 24 hour unit). The\n" , stdout); fputs( " default time unit, if no \"/U\" is provided, is number of trans-\n" " fers per hour.\n" "\n" " If curl is told to allow 10 requests per minute, it does not\n" " start the next request until 6 seconds have elapsed since the\n" " previous transfer was started.\n" "\n" " This function uses millisecond resolution. If the allowed fre-\n" " quency is set more than 1000 per second, it instead runs unre-\n" " stricted.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " When retrying transfers, enabled with --retry, the separate\n" " retry delay logic is used and not this setting.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" " If --rate is provided several times, the last set value is used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --rate 2/s https://example.com ...\n" " curl --rate 3/h https://example.com ...\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --rate 14/m https://example.com ...\n" "\n" " See also --limit-rate and --retry-delay. Added in 7.84.0.\n" "\n" " --raw (HTTP) When used, it disables all internal HTTP decoding of con-\n" " tent or transfer encodings and instead makes them passed on un-\n" " altered, raw.\n" "\n" " Providing --raw multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it\n" " again with --no-raw.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --raw https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tr-encoding.\n" "\n" " -e, --referer \n" " (HTTP) Sends the \"Referrer Page\" information to the HTTP server.\n" " This can also be set with the -H, --header flag of course. When\n" " used with -L, --location you can append \";auto\" to the -e,\n" " --referer URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL\n" , stdout); fputs( " when it follows a Location: header. The \";auto\" string can be\n" " used alone, even if you do not set an initial -e, --referer.\n" "\n" " If --referer is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --referer \"https://fake.example\" https://example.com\n" " curl --referer \"https://fake.example;auto\" -L https://example.com\n" " curl --referer \";auto\" -L https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -A, --user-agent and -H, --header.\n" "\n" " -J, --remote-header-name\n" " (HTTP) This option tells the -O, --remote-name option to use the\n" " server-specified Content-Disposition filename instead of ex-\n" " tracting a filename from the URL. If the server-provided file\n" " name contains a path, that is stripped off before the file name\n" " is used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The file is saved in the current directory, or in the directory\n" " specified with --output-dir.\n" "\n" " If the server specifies a file name and a file with that name\n" " already exists in the destination directory, it is not overwrit-\n" " ten and an error occurs - unless you allow it by using the\n" " --clobber option. If the server does not specify a file name\n" " then this option has no effect.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " There is no attempt to decode %-sequences (yet) in the provided\n" " file name, so this option may provide you with rather unexpected\n" " file names.\n" "\n" " This feature uses the name from the \"filename\" field, it does\n" " not yet support the \"filename*\" field (filenames with explicit\n" " character sets).\n" "\n" " WARNING: Exercise judicious use of this option, especially on\n" , stdout); fputs( " Windows. A rogue server could send you the name of a DLL or\n" " other file that could be loaded automatically by Windows or some\n" " third party software.\n" "\n" " Providing --remote-header-name multiple times has no extra ef-\n" " fect. Disable it again with --no-remote-header-name.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -OJ https://example.com/file\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name.\n" "\n" " --remote-name-all\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option changes the default action for all given URLs to be\n" " dealt with as if -O, --remote-name were used for each one. So if\n" " you want to disable that for a specific URL after --re-\n" " mote-name-all has been used, you must use \"-o -\" or --no-re-\n" " mote-name.\n" "\n" " Providing --remote-name-all multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-remote-name-all.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --remote-name-all ftp://example.com/file1 ftp://example.com/file2\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name.\n" "\n" " -O, --remote-name\n" " Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get.\n" " (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut\n" " off.)\n" "\n" " The file is saved in the current working directory. If you want\n" , stdout); fputs( " the file saved in a different directory, make sure you change\n" " the current working directory before invoking curl with this op-\n" " tion or use --output-dir.\n" "\n" " The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the\n" " given URL, nothing else, and if it already exists it is over-\n" " written. If you want the server to be able to choose the file\n" , stdout); fputs( " name refer to -J, --remote-header-name which can be used in ad-\n" " dition to this option. If the server chooses a file name and\n" " that name already exists it is not overwritten.\n" "\n" " There is no URL decoding done on the file name. If it has %20 or\n" " other URL encoded parts of the name, they end up as-is as file\n" " name.\n" "\n" " You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you\n" " have.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --remote-name can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -O https://example.com/filename\n" "\n" " See also --remote-name-all, --output-dir and -J, --re-\n" " mote-header-name.\n" " -R, --remote-time\n" " Makes curl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the remote\n" " file that is getting downloaded, and if that is available make\n" " the local file get that same timestamp.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --remote-time multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-remote-time.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --remote-time -o foo https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name and -z, --time-cond.\n" "\n" " --remove-on-error\n" " When curl returns an error when told to save output in a local\n" " file, this option removes that saved file before exiting. This\n" , stdout); fputs( " prevents curl from leaving a partial file in the case of an er-\n" " ror during transfer.\n" "\n" " If the output is not a regular file, this option has no effect.\n" "\n" " Providing --remove-on-error multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-remove-on-error.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --remove-on-error -o output https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -f, --fail. Added in 7.83.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --request-target \n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use an alternative \"target\" (path) instead\n" " of using the path as provided in the URL. Particularly useful\n" " when wanting to issue HTTP requests without leading slash or\n" " other data that does not follow the regular URL pattern, like\n" " \"OPTIONS *\".\n" "\n" " curl passes on the verbatim string you give it its the request\n" , stdout); fputs( " without any filter or other safe guards. That includes white\n" " space and control characters.\n" "\n" " If --request-target is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --request-target \"*\" -X OPTIONS https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -X, --request. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " -X, --request \n" " Change the method to use when starting the transfer.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl passes on the verbatim string you give it its the request\n" " without any filter or other safe guards. That includes white\n" " space and control characters.\n" "\n" " HTTP Specifies a custom request method to use when communicat-\n" " ing with the HTTP server. The specified request method is\n" " used instead of the method otherwise used (which defaults\n" , stdout); fputs( " to GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and\n" " explanations. Common additional HTTP requests include PUT\n" " and DELETE, while related technologies like WebDAV offers\n" " PROPFIND, COPY, MOVE and more.\n" "\n" " Normally you do not need this option. All sorts of GET,\n" " HEAD, POST and PUT requests are rather invoked by using\n" , stdout); fputs( " dedicated command line options.\n" "\n" " This option only changes the actual word used in the HTTP\n" " request, it does not alter the way curl behaves. So for\n" " example if you want to make a proper HEAD request, using\n" " -X HEAD does not suffice. You need to use the -I, --head\n" " option.\n" "\n" " The method string you set with -X, --request is used for\n" , stdout); fputs( " all requests, which if you for example use -L, --location\n" " may cause unintended side-effects when curl does not\n" " change request method according to the HTTP 30x response\n" " codes - and similar.\n" "\n" " FTP Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST\n" " when doing file lists with FTP.\n" "\n" " POP3 Specifies a custom POP3 command to use instead of LIST or\n" , stdout); fputs( " RETR.\n" "\n" " IMAP Specifies a custom IMAP command to use instead of LIST.\n" "\n" " SMTP Specifies a custom SMTP command to use instead of HELP or\n" " VRFY.\n" "\n" " If --request is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -X \"DELETE\" https://example.com\n" " curl -X NLST ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --request-target.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --resolve <[+]host:port:addr[,addr]...>\n" " Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Us-\n" " ing this, you can make the curl requests(s) use a specified ad-\n" " dress and prevent the otherwise normally resolved address to be\n" " used. Consider it a sort of /etc/hosts alternative provided on\n" " the command line. The port number should be the number used for\n" , stdout); fputs( " the specific protocol the host is used for. It means you need\n" " several entries if you want to provide address for the same host\n" " but different ports.\n" "\n" " By specifying '*' as host you can tell curl to resolve any host\n" " and specific port pair to the specified address. Wildcard is re-\n" " solved last so any --resolve with a specific host and port is\n" " used first.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The provided address set by this option is used even if -4,\n" " --ipv4 or -6, --ipv6 is set to make curl use another IP version.\n" " By prefixing the host with a '+' you can make the entry time out\n" " after curl's default timeout (1 minute). Note that this only\n" " makes sense for long running parallel transfers with a lot of\n" " files. In such cases, if this option is used curl tries to re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " solve the host as it normally would once the timeout has ex-\n" " pired.\n" "\n" " Support for providing the IP address within [brackets] was added\n" " in 7.57.0.\n" "\n" " Support for providing multiple IP addresses per entry was added\n" " in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " Support for resolving with wildcard was added in 7.64.0.\n" "\n" " Support for the '+' prefix was was added in 7.75.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --resolve can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --resolve example.com:443:127.0.0.1 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --connect-to and --alt-svc.\n" "\n" " --retry-all-errors\n" " Retry on any error. This option is used together with --retry.\n" "\n" " This option is the \"sledgehammer\" of retrying. Do not use this\n" " option by default (for example in your curlrc), there may be un-\n" , stdout); fputs( " intended consequences such as sending or receiving duplicate\n" " data. Do not use with redirected input or output. You'd be much\n" " better off handling your unique problems in shell script. Please\n" " read the example below.\n" "\n" " WARNING: For server compatibility curl attempts to retry failed\n" " flaky transfers as close as possible to how they were started,\n" , stdout); fputs( " but this is not possible with redirected input or output. For\n" " example, before retrying it removes output data from a failed\n" " partial transfer that was written to an output file. However\n" " this is not true of data redirected to a | pipe or > file, which\n" " are not reset. We strongly suggest you do not parse or record\n" " output via redirect in combination with this option, since you\n" , stdout); fputs( " may receive duplicate data.\n" "\n" " By default curl does not return error for transfers with an HTTP\n" " response code that indicates an HTTP error, if the transfer was\n" " successful. For example, if a server replies 404 Not Found and\n" " the reply is fully received then that is not an error. When\n" " --retry is used then curl retries on some HTTP response codes\n" , stdout); fputs( " that indicate transient HTTP errors, but that does not include\n" " most 4xx response codes such as 404. If you want to retry on all\n" " response codes that indicate HTTP errors (4xx and 5xx) then com-\n" " bine with -f, --fail.\n" "\n" " Providing --retry-all-errors multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-retry-all-errors.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --retry 5 --retry-all-errors https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry. Added in 7.71.0.\n" "\n" " --retry-connrefused\n" " In addition to the other conditions, consider ECONNREFUSED as a\n" " transient error too for --retry. This option is used together\n" " with --retry.\n" "\n" " Providing --retry-connrefused multiple times has no extra ef-\n" " fect. Disable it again with --no-retry-connrefused.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --retry-connrefused --retry 7 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry and --retry-all-errors. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --retry-delay \n" " Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a\n" " transfer has failed with a transient error (it changes the de-\n" " fault backoff time algorithm between retries). This option is\n" , stdout); fputs( " only interesting if --retry is also used. Setting this delay to\n" " zero makes curl use the default backoff time.\n" "\n" " If --retry-delay is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --retry-delay 5 --retry 7 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry.\n" "\n" " --retry-max-time \n" " The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tries are done as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer has\n" " not reached this given limit. Notice that if the timer has not\n" " reached the limit, the request is made and while performing, it\n" " may take longer than this given time period. To limit a single\n" " request's maximum time, use -m, --max-time. Set this option to\n" " zero to not timeout retries.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --retry-max-time is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --retry-max-time 30 --retry 10 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry.\n" "\n" " --retry \n" " If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a\n" " transfer, it retries this number of times before giving up. Set-\n" " ting the number to 0 makes curl do no retries (which is the de-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fault). Transient error means either: a timeout, an FTP 4xx re-\n" " sponse code or an HTTP 408, 429, 500, 502, 503 or 504 response\n" " code.\n" "\n" " When curl is about to retry a transfer, it first waits one sec-\n" " ond and then for all forthcoming retries it doubles the waiting\n" " time until it reaches 10 minutes which then remains delay be-\n" " tween the rest of the retries. By using --retry-delay you dis-\n" , stdout); fputs( " able this exponential backoff algorithm. See also\n" " --retry-max-time to limit the total time allowed for retries.\n" "\n" " curl complies with the Retry-After: response header if one was\n" " present to know when to issue the next retry (added in 7.66.0).\n" "\n" " If --retry is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --retry 7 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --retry-max-time.\n" "\n" " --sasl-authzid \n" " Use this authorization identity (authzid), during SASL PLAIN au-\n" " thentication, in addition to the authentication identity (auth-\n" " cid) as specified by -u, --user.\n" "\n" " If the option is not specified, the server derives the authzid\n" " from the authcid, but if specified, and depending on the server\n" , stdout); fputs( " implementation, it may be used to access another user's inbox,\n" " that the user has been granted access to, or a shared mailbox\n" " for example.\n" "\n" " If --sasl-authzid is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --sasl-authzid zid imap://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --login-options. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --sasl-ir\n" , stdout); fputs( " Enable initial response in SASL authentication.\n" "\n" " Providing --sasl-ir multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-sasl-ir.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --sasl-ir imap://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --sasl-authzid.\n" "\n" " --service-name \n" " This option allows you to change the service name for SPNEGO.\n" "\n" " If --service-name is provided several times, the last set value\n" , stdout); fputs( " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --service-name sockd/server https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --negotiate and --proxy-service-name.\n" "\n" " -S, --show-error\n" " When used with -s, --silent, it makes curl show an error message\n" " if it fails.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" " Providing --show-error multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" , stdout); fputs( " able it again with --no-show-error.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --show-error --silent https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --no-progress-meter.\n" "\n" " -s, --silent\n" " Silent or quiet mode. Do not show progress meter or error mes-\n" " sages. Makes Curl mute. It still outputs the data you ask for,\n" " potentially even to the terminal/stdout unless you redirect it.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Use -S, --show-error in addition to this option to disable\n" " progress meter but still show error messages.\n" "\n" " Providing --silent multiple times has no extra effect. Disable\n" " it again with --no-silent.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -s https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose, --stderr and --no-progress-meter.\n" "\n" " --socks4 \n" , stdout); fputs( " Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not speci-\n" " fied, it is assumed at port 1080. Using this socket type make\n" " curl resolve the host name and passing the address on to the\n" " proxy.\n" "\n" " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" " host, e.g. \"socks4://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\"\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" , stdout); fputs( " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4 proxy\n" " with -x, --proxy using a socks4:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time\n" " proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy (added in 7.52.0). In\n" " such a case, curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then\n" " connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --socks4 is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks4 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks4a, --socks5 and --socks5-hostname.\n" "\n" " --socks4a \n" " Use the specified SOCKS4a proxy. If the port number is not spec-\n" " ified, it is assumed at port 1080. This asks the proxy to re-\n" " solve the host name.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" " host, e.g. \"socks4a://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\"\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4a proxy\n" " with -x, --proxy using a socks4a:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time\n" , stdout); fputs( " -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy (added in 7.52.0).\n" " In such a case, curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then\n" " connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If --socks4a is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks4a hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks4, --socks5 and --socks5-hostname.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --socks5-basic\n" " Tells curl to use username/password authentication when connect-\n" " ing to a SOCKS5 proxy. The username/password authentication is\n" " enabled by default. Use --socks5-gssapi to force GSS-API authen-\n" " tication to SOCKS5 proxies.\n" "\n" " Providing --socks5-basic multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-basic --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --socks5. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi-nec\n" " As part of the GSS-API negotiation a protection mode is negoti-\n" " ated. RFC 1961 says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected,\n" " but the NEC reference implementation does not. The option\n" " --socks5-gssapi-nec allows the unprotected exchange of the pro-\n" " tection mode negotiation.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --socks5-gssapi-nec multiple times has no extra ef-\n" " fect. Disable it again with --no-socks5-gssapi-nec.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-gssapi-nec --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi-service \n" " The default service name for a socks server is rcmd/server-fqdn.\n" " This option allows you to change it.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --socks5-gssapi-service is provided several times, the last\n" " set value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-gssapi-service sockd --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi\n" " Tells curl to use GSS-API authentication when connecting to a\n" " SOCKS5 proxy. The GSS-API authentication is enabled by default\n" , stdout); fputs( " (if curl is compiled with GSS-API support). Use --socks5-basic\n" " to force username/password authentication to SOCKS5 proxies.\n" "\n" " Providing --socks5-gssapi multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-socks5-gssapi.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-gssapi --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5-hostname \n" , stdout); fputs( " Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy (and let the proxy resolve the\n" " host name). If the port number is not specified, it is assumed\n" " at port 1080.\n" "\n" " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" " host, e.g. \"socks5h://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\"\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 host-\n" " name proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks5h:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time\n" " -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy (added in 7.52.0).\n" " In such a case, curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then\n" " connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If --socks5-hostname is provided several times, the last set\n" " value is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-hostname proxy.example:7000 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5 and --socks4a.\n" "\n" " --socks5 \n" " Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy - but resolve the host name lo-\n" " cally. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at\n" " port 1080.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" " host, e.g. \"socks5://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\"\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 proxy\n" " with -x, --proxy using a socks5:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time\n" , stdout); fputs( " -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy (added in 7.52.0).\n" " In such a case, curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then\n" " connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " This option (as well as --socks4) does not work with IPV6, FTPS\n" " or LDAP.\n" "\n" " If --socks5 is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --socks5 proxy.example:7000 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5-hostname and --socks4a.\n" "\n" " -Y, --speed-limit \n" " If a transfer is slower than this set speed (in bytes per sec-\n" " ond) for a given number of seconds, it gets aborted. The time\n" " period is set with -y, --speed-time and is 30 seconds by de-\n" " fault.\n" "\n" " If --speed-limit is provided several times, the last set value\n" , stdout); fputs( " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --speed-limit 300 --speed-time 10 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -y, --speed-time, --limit-rate and -m, --max-time.\n" "\n" " -y, --speed-time \n" " If a transfer runs slower than speed-limit bytes per second dur-\n" " ing a speed-time period, the transfer is aborted. If speed-time\n" " is used, the default speed-limit is 1 unless set with -Y,\n" " --speed-limit.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option controls transfers (in both directions) but does not\n" " affect slow connects etc. If this is a concern for you, try the\n" " --connect-timeout option.\n" "\n" " If --speed-time is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --speed-limit 300 --speed-time 10 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -Y, --speed-limit and --limit-rate.\n" "\n" " --ssl-allow-beast\n" , stdout); fputs( " (TLS) This option tells curl to not work around a security flaw\n" " in the SSL3 and TLS1.0 protocols known as BEAST. If this option\n" " is not used, the SSL layer may use workarounds known to cause\n" " interoperability problems with some older SSL implementations.\n" "\n" " WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this\n" " flag you ask for exactly that.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --ssl-allow-beast multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-ssl-allow-beast.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-allow-beast https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-ssl-allow-beast and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --ssl-auto-client-cert\n" " (TLS) (Schannel) Tell libcurl to automatically locate and use a\n" " client certificate for authentication, when requested by the\n" , stdout); fputs( " server. Since the server can request any certificate that sup-\n" " ports client authentication in the OS certificate store it could\n" " be a privacy violation and unexpected.\n" "\n" " Providing --ssl-auto-client-cert multiple times has no extra ef-\n" " fect. Disable it again with --no-ssl-auto-client-cert.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-auto-client-cert https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert. Added in 7.77.0.\n" "\n" " --ssl-no-revoke\n" " (TLS) (Schannel) This option tells curl to disable certificate\n" " revocation checks. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL secu-\n" " rity, and by using this flag you ask for exactly that.\n" "\n" " Providing --ssl-no-revoke multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-ssl-no-revoke.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --ssl-no-revoke https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --crlfile.\n" "\n" " --ssl-reqd\n" " (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP LDAP) Require SSL/TLS for the connection.\n" " Terminates the connection if the transfer cannot be upgraded to\n" " use SSL/TLS.\n" "\n" " This option is handled in LDAP (added in 7.81.0). It is fully\n" " supported by the OpenLDAP backend and rejected by the generic\n" , stdout); fputs( " ldap backend if explicit TLS is required.\n" "\n" " This option is unnecessary if you use a URL scheme that in it-\n" " self implies immediate and implicit use of TLS, like for FTPS,\n" " IMAPS, POP3S, SMTPS and LDAPS. Such a transfer always fails if\n" " the TLS handshake does not work.\n" "\n" " This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl-reqd.\n" "\n" " Providing --ssl-reqd multiple times has no extra effect. Dis-\n" , stdout); fputs( " able it again with --no-ssl-reqd.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-reqd ftp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ssl and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --ssl-revoke-best-effort\n" " (TLS) (Schannel) This option tells curl to ignore certificate\n" " revocation checks when they failed due to missing/offline dis-\n" " tribution points for the revocation check lists.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --ssl-revoke-best-effort multiple times has no extra\n" " effect. Disable it again with --no-ssl-revoke-best-effort.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-revoke-best-effort https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --crlfile and -k, --insecure. Added in 7.70.0.\n" "\n" " --ssl (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP LDAP) Warning: this is considered an inse-\n" " cure option. Consider using --ssl-reqd instead to be sure curl\n" , stdout); fputs( " upgrades to a secure connection.\n" "\n" " Try to use SSL/TLS for the connection. Reverts to a non-secure\n" " connection if the server does not support SSL/TLS. See also\n" " --ftp-ssl-control and --ssl-reqd for different levels of encryp-\n" " tion required.\n" "\n" " This option is handled in LDAP (added in 7.81.0). It is fully\n" " supported by the OpenLDAP backend and ignored by the generic\n" , stdout); fputs( " ldap backend.\n" "\n" " Please note that a server may close the connection if the nego-\n" " tiation does not succeed.\n" "\n" " This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl. That option name\n" " can still be used but might be removed in a future version.\n" "\n" " Providing --ssl multiple times has no extra effect. Disable it\n" " again with --no-ssl.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl pop3://example.com/\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --ssl-reqd, -k, --insecure and --ciphers.\n" "\n" " -2, --sslv2\n" " (SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv2, but is now\n" " ignored (added in 7.77.0). SSLv2 is widely considered insecure\n" " (see RFC 6176).\n" "\n" " Providing --sslv2 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --sslv2 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. -2, --sslv2 requires that the\n" , stdout); fputs( " underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option is mu-\n" " tually exclusive to -3, --sslv3 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1\n" " and --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " -3, --sslv3\n" " (SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv3, but is now\n" " ignored (added in 7.77.0). SSLv3 is widely considered insecure\n" " (see RFC 7568).\n" "\n" " Providing --sslv3 multiple times has no extra effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --sslv3 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. -3, --sslv3 requires that the\n" " underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option is mu-\n" " tually exclusive to -2, --sslv2 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1\n" " and --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " --stderr \n" " Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If\n" " the file name is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" " If --stderr is provided several times, the last set value is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --stderr output.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose and -s, --silent.\n" "\n" " --styled-output\n" " Enables the automatic use of bold font styles when writing HTTP\n" , stdout); fputs( " headers to the terminal. Use --no-styled-output to switch them\n" " off.\n" "\n" " Styled output requires a terminal that supports bold fonts. This\n" " feature is not present on curl for Windows due to lack of this\n" " capability.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of --next.\n" "\n" " Providing --styled-output multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-styled-output.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --styled-output -I https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -I, --head and -v, --verbose. Added in 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --suppress-connect-headers\n" " When -p, --proxytunnel is used and a CONNECT request is made do\n" " not output proxy CONNECT response headers. This option is meant\n" " to be used with -D, --dump-header or -i, --include which are\n" , stdout); fputs( " used to show protocol headers in the output. It has no effect on\n" " debug options such as -v, --verbose or --trace, or any statis-\n" " tics.\n" "\n" " Providing --suppress-connect-headers multiple times has no extra\n" " effect. Disable it again with --no-suppress-connect-headers.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --suppress-connect-headers --include -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -D, --dump-header, -i, --include and -p, --proxytunnel.\n" " Added in 7.54.0.\n" "\n" " --tcp-fastopen\n" " Enable use of TCP Fast Open (RFC 7413). TCP Fast Open is a TCP\n" " extension that allows data to get sent earlier over the connec-\n" " tion (before the final handshake ACK) if the client and server\n" " have been connected previously.\n" "\n" " Providing --tcp-fastopen multiple times has no extra effect.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disable it again with --no-tcp-fastopen.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tcp-fastopen https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --false-start.\n" "\n" " --tcp-nodelay\n" " Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the curl_easy_setopt(3) man\n" " page for details about this option.\n" "\n" " curl sets this option by default and you need to explicitly\n" " switch it off if you do not want it on (added in 7.50.2).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Providing --tcp-nodelay multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-tcp-nodelay.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tcp-nodelay https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -N, --no-buffer.\n" "\n" " -t, --telnet-option \n" " Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are:\n" "\n" " `TTYPE=`\n" " Sets the terminal type.\n" "\n" " `XDISPLOC=`\n" , stdout); fputs( " Sets the X display location.\n" "\n" " `NEW_ENV=`\n" " Sets an environment variable.\n" "\n" " --telnet-option can be used several times in a command line\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -t TTYPE=vt100 telnet://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -K, --config.\n" " --tftp-blksize \n" " (TFTP) Set the TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512). This is the\n" , stdout); fputs( " block size that curl tries to use when transferring data to or\n" " from a TFTP server. By default 512 bytes are used.\n" "\n" " If --tftp-blksize is provided several times, the last set value\n" " is used.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tftp-blksize 1024 tftp://example.com/file\n" "\n" " See also --tftp-no-options.\n" "\n" " --tftp-no-options\n" " (TFTP) Tells curl not to send TFTP options requests.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option improves interop with some legacy servers that do\n" " not acknowledge or properly implement TFTP options. When this\n" " option is used --tftp-blksize is ignored.\n" "\n" " Providing --tftp-no-options multiple times has no extra effect.\n" " Disable it again with --no-tftp-no-options.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tftp-no-options tftp://192.168.0.1/\n" "\n" " See also --tftp-blksize.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -z, --time-cond